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    What Are Vaccines

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    Jam Bulil-lit
    Vaccines are substances that stimulate antibody production and immunity against diseases. They contain weakened or killed disease-causing microbes or their toxins. There are several types of vaccines including live-attenuated vaccines which use weakened live germs to produce strong, long-lasting immunity, and inactivated vaccines which use killed germs but require multiple doses for ongoing protection. Vaccines have helped reduce deaths from diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, and polio.

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    What Are Vaccines

    Uploaded by

    Jam Bulil-lit
    103 views17 pages
    Vaccines are substances that stimulate antibody production and immunity against diseases. They contain weakened or killed disease-causing microbes or their toxins. There are several types of vaccines including live-attenuated vaccines which use weakened live germs to produce strong, long-lasting immunity, and inactivated vaccines which use killed germs but require multiple doses for ongoing protection. Vaccines have helped reduce deaths from diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, and polio.

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    Vaccines are substances that stimulate antibody production and immunity against diseases. They contain weakened or killed disease-causing microbes or their toxins. There are several types of vaccines including live-attenuated vaccines which use weakened live germs to produce strong, long-lasting immunity, and inactivated vaccines which use killed germs but require multiple doses for ongoing protection. Vaccines have helped reduce deaths from diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, and polio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    103 views17 pages

    What Are Vaccines

    Uploaded by

    Jam Bulil-lit
    Vaccines are substances that stimulate antibody production and immunity against diseases. They contain weakened or killed disease-causing microbes or their toxins. There are several types of vaccines including live-attenuated vaccines which use weakened live germs to produce strong, long-lasting immunity, and inactivated vaccines which use killed germs but require multiple doses for ongoing protection. Vaccines have helped reduce deaths from diseases like smallpox, diphtheria, and polio.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    What are Vaccines?

    A substance used to stimulate the


    production of antibodies and provide
    immunity against one or several
    diseases, prepared from the causative
    agent of a disease, its products or a
    synthetic substitute treated to act as an
    antigen without inducing the disease.
    A vaccine typically contains an agent that
    resembles a disease-causing
    microorganism and is often made from
    weakened or killed forms of the microbe,
    its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
    History of Vaccines
    The story of vaccines did not begin with
    the first vaccine - Edward Jenner’s use of
    material from cowpox pustules to provide
    protection against smallpox. Rather, it
    begins with the long history of infectious
    disease in humans and in particular, with
    early uses of small pox material to provide
    immunity to that disease.
    Evidence exists that the Chinese employed
    smallpox inoculation as early as 1000 CE. It was
    practiced in Africa and Turkey as well, before
    it spread to Europe and the Americas.

    Edward Jenner’s innovations, begun with his


    successful 1796 use of cowpox material to create
    immunity to smallpox, quickly made the practice
    widespread. His method underwent medical and
    technological changes over the next 200 years,
    and eventually resulted in the eradication of
    small pox.
    Louis Pasteur’s 1885 rabies vaccine was the
    next to make an impact on human disease. And
    then, at the dawn of bacteriology, developments
    rapidly followed. Antitoxins and vaccines
    against diphtheria, tetanus, anthrax, cholera,
    plague, typhoid, tuberculosis and more were
    developed through the 1930’s.
    Innovative techniques now drive vaccine
    research, with recombinant DNA technology and
    new delivery techniques leading scientists in
    new directions. Disease targets have expanded,
    and some vaccine research is beginning to and
    some vaccine research is beginning to focus on
    non-infectious conditions such as addiction and
    allergies.
    Main Types of
    Vaccines

    Live-attenuated VACCINE
     Use a weakened (or attenuated)
    form the germ that causes a disease
     So similar to the natural infection
    that they help prevent, they create a
    strong and long-lasting immune
    response. Just 1 or 2 doses of most
    live vaccines can give a lifetime of
    protection against a germ and the
    disease it causes.

    Live vaccines are used to protect against:


    - Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR combined vaccine)
    - Rotavirus
    - Smallpox
    - Chickenpox
    - Yellow Fever

    Inactivated vaccines
     Use the killed version of the germ
    that causes a disease.
     Usually don’t provide immunity
    (protection) that’s as strong as live
    vaccines. So you may neeedseveral
    doses over time (booster shots) in
    order to get ongoing immunity against
    diseases.

    Inactivated Vaccines are used to protect against:


    - Hepatitis A
    - Flu (shot only)
    - Polio (shot only)
    - Rabies
    Subunit, recombinant,
    polysaccharide and conjugate
    vaccines
     Use specific pieces of the germ like
    its protein, sugar or capsid (a casing
    around the germ).
     They give a very strong immune
    response that’s targeted to key parts
    of the germ.
     Can also be used on almost
    everyone who needs them including
    people with weakened immune
    systems and long-term health
    problems.
    These vaccines are used to protect against:
    - HIB (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B) Disease
    - Hepatitis B
    - HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
    - Whooping Cough
    - Pneumococcal Disease
    - Meningococcal Disease
    - Shingles

    Toxoid vaccines
     Use a toxin (harmful product) made
    by the germ that causes a disease.
     They create immunity to the parts of
    the germ that cause a disease instead
    of the germ itself. That means the
    immune response is targeted to the
    toxin instead of the whole germ.

    Toxoid vaccines are used to protect against:


    - Diphtheria
    - Tetanus
    Common side effects of any vaccine can include:
     Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, redness)
     Mild fever
     Shivering
     Fatigue
     Headache
     Muscle and Joint pain

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