ELL601 - Antenna and Wave Propagation

UNIT-1

1. The concept of magnetic vector potential find its major application is deriving expression of
magnetic field intensity especially for
a) Real fields
b) Imaginary fields
c) Complex fields
d) None of the above

2. If an antenna draws 12 A current and radiates 4KW, then what will be its radiation resistance?
a) 22.22 ohm
b) 27.77 ohm
c) 33.33 ohm
d) 39.77 ohm

3. What is the far field position o an electric short dipole

a) Along X-axis
b) Along Y- axis
c) Along Z- axis
d) Along XY plane

4. The current distribution on a half wave dipole is

a) Uniform
b) Sinusoidal
c) Triangular
d) Complex

5. The gain of an antenna

a) Varies inversely as wavelength
b) Varies inversely as square of wavelength
c) is independent of wavelength
d) Varies directly as wavelength

6. Define:-
a) Radiation Intensity
b) Radiation pattern
c) Directivity
d) Gain

7. Obtain expression for the field and power radiated by a half wave antenna?

8. Calculate the radiation resistance of the antenna?

9. Derive expression for electric field and magnetic field of infinitesimal electric dipole?

10. What is Retarded Vector Potential?

11. Calculate Directivity and Gain of short dipole?

12. Calculate Directivity and Gain of half wave antenna?

13. Derive expression for radiation resistance of short dipole?

14. Define a) Short dipole antenna, b) Half wave antenna

15. What is radiation field from current element? Discuss briefly.

UNIT-2

1. How do the elements of an active region behave?

a) Inductive
b) Capacitive
c) Resistive
d) None of the above

2. If the element of binomial array are separated by λ/4 , how many shape patterns are generated
with no minor lobes.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 16

3. In broadside array, all the element in the array should have similar excitation along with
similar amplitude excitation for maximum radiation
a) Phase
b) Frequency
c) Current
d) Voltage

4. Which among the following is regarded as a condition often ordinary end fire array
a) 𝛼 < 𝛽𝑑
b) 𝛼 > 𝛽𝑑
c) 𝛼 ± 𝛽𝑑
d) 𝛼 ≠ ±𝛽𝑑
5. If the length of element of an array is greater than 𝜆/2, which will be the operating region of
an array.
a) Transmission line region.
b) Active region
c) Reflective region
d) All of the above

6. Write short notes on

i. End fire array
ii. Broadside array

7. Explain the principle of operation of a linear array antenna. What are its advantages?

8. Discuss the advantages of using dolph-chebyshev distribution for a broadside linear array with
equal spacing between elements?

9. Calculate the relative amplitudes of the current in four element dolph-chebyshev array with
spacing of 𝜆/2 between elements?

10. What is binomial arrays? Draw pascals triangle?

11. Derive the expression for arrays of two points sources with equal amplitude and phase?

12. Assume two identical point sources separated by a distance d, each source having field
pattern given by E˳=sin∅. If d = 𝜆/2 and the phase angle 𝛿 =0. Derive an expression for total
field pattern.

13. Find the array factor and plot the normalized radiation pattern of a broadside array of a five
isotropic radiators spaced 𝜆/2 apart and having excitation amplitude ratio 1:2:3:2:1. Compare the
first side lobe level with that of a five element uniform array.

14. Discuss the construction of an end fire array and sketch its directivity pattern.

15. Explain the theory of N-elements array of aerials excited by current in phase.

UNIT-3

1. The gain of half wave dipole is

a) 1
b) 6
c) 1.641
d) 16

2. A half wave dipole used at a frequency of 300 MHz has a length of

a) 10m
 b) 3m
c) 1m
d) 50cm

3. The induction field of short current element varies as

1
a) 𝑟 2
1
b) 𝑟
1
c) 𝑟3

4. The gain of isotropic antenna is

a) 3db
b) 0db
c) 10db

5. The radiation resistance of a λ/2 antenna in free space is given by

a) 377 Ω
b) 73 Ω
c) 36.5 Ω
d) None

6. Define radiation intensity, beam width and pattern multiplication.

7. State and prove the reciprocity theorem and also define the limitation, application and voltage
and current relation.

8. Write down the principle of the pattern multiplication.

9. Describe the array of two driven half wavelength elements (broad side and end fire case)?

10. Describe the image antenna. write its advantage , disadvantage and application.

11. Explain the self impedance and mutual impedance of antenna?

12. Calculate the maximum effective aperture of a λ/2(half wave) antenna.

13. Write short notes on

a) Gain of an antenna
b) Impedance of antenna
c) Reciprocity theorem

14. Define beamwidth of an antenna and show that its directivity is given by
41257
D=𝜃𝐸° 𝜃𝐻°

Where 𝜃𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃𝐻 are half power beamwidth in E and H plane respectively.

 15.Calculate the maximum effective aperture of a half wave antenna assuming that induce
current has sinusoidal distribution and show that it is equal to (Ae)max=0.119𝜆2.Make
assumption in providing the relation.

UNIT-4

1. Radar antennas are usually:

a) Dipoles
b) Parabolic dishes
c) Helical antennas

2. Television receiver antennas are usually:

a) Loops
b) Yagi antennas
c) Parabolic dishes

3. Which of the following antennas is best excited by a waveguide:

a) Biconical
b) Helical
c) Discone
d) Horn

4. Which of the following antenna gives circular polarization:

a) Yagi-uda
b) Parabolic
c) Helical
d) dipole

5. The radiation pattern of loop antenna is :

a) Circle
b) Semicircle
c) Cardiold

6. What do you mean by log periodic antenna. Write the advantages, disadvantages and its
application? Why is it called log–period.

7. Design a log-periodic dipole array which operates from 470 MHz to 806MHz (UHF band)
with 8dBi gain. This antenna should be matched to a 50-ohm cable length 2 meters with no
source resistance. The termination should be left open. Select the length-to-diameter ratio to be
25. At 600MHz do the following.
a) Calculate the E-and H-plane half –power beam widths.
b) Find the front-to-back ratio.

8. What is the aperture fields of E-plane sectoral horn antenna?

 9. Design an E-plane sectoral horn so that the maximum phase deviation at the aperture of the
horn is 56.72°.The dimension of the horn are a=0.5λ, b=0.25λ, b1=2.75λ.

10. Derive the H-plane sectoral horn antenna?

11. What is parabolic reflector? Give its application.

12. For a paraboloid reflector of diameter 6m, illumination efficiency b=0.65. The frequency of
the operation is 10 GHz. Find its beamwidth, directivity and capture area.

13. State and explain Babinet’s principle as applied to slot antennas. Discuss the effect of finite
size and finite thickness of the sheet on slot is cut.

14. Make a comparative study of horn antenna and slot antenna?

15. State Babinet’s principle and explain how it gives rise to the concept of complementary
antenna.

UNIT-5

1. Television broadcast generally uses.

a) Line of sight of propagation
b) Ionospheric propagation
c) Ground wave propagation

2. Long distance short wave radio broadcasting uses

a) Ground wave
b) Ionospheric wave
c) Direct wave

3. Scatter transmission is used at frequencies

a) UHF and VHF
b) UHF only
c) VLF only
d) VHF only

4. microwave singals follow the curvature of the earth and the phenomenon is known as
a) tropospheric scatter
b) duct propagation
c) faraday effect
d) none

5. MUF is given by
a) MUF = 𝑓𝑐 cos𝜃
b) MUF = 𝑓𝑐 sec𝜃
 𝑐𝑓
c) MUF = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

6. Explain the formation of an “inversion layer” in the troposphere and the phenomenon of “duct
propagation”. What factor help in the formation of the duct.

7. Write short on skip distance.

8. Explain MUF and give any method calculating the shape? Write short note on “collision
frequency in the ionosphere”.

9. A high frequency radio link has to be established between two points at a distance of 2500 km
on earth’s surface. Considering the ionosphere height to be 200km and its critical frequency 5
MHz, calculate the MUF for the given path.

10. A frequency radio link has to be established between two points on the earth 2000 km away.
If the reflection region of the ionosphere is at a height of 200km, and has critical frequency of 6
MHz, calculate the MUF for the given path.

11. Explain the sky wave propagation? Propagation of radio wave through the ionosphere
(neglecting earth’s magnetic field theory of Eccles and larmor) or expression for refractive index
of the ionosphere.

12. What do you mean by critical frequency?

13. Difference between single hop and multi hop transmission.

14. Assume the reflection takes place at a height of 400km and that the maximum density in the
ionosphere corresponds to a 0.9 refractive index at 10 MHz .What will be range (assume flat
earth) for which the MUF is 10 MHz.

15. In the ionospheric propagation, consider that the reflection takes place at height of 400km
and that the maximum density in the ionosphere corresponds to a refractive index of 0.9 at a
frequency of 10 MHz. Determine the ground range for which this frequency is the MUF. Take
the earth’s curvature in to consideration.

16. Determine the change in the electron density of E- layer when the critical frequency changes
from 4 MHz to 1MHz between mid-day and sun-set.