PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 1

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . 25

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION MONITORED SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 TRIP DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
TASK MANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 MONITORED COMPONENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LAMP (MIL) . . . . . . . .5 NON-MONITORED CIRCUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
DRB III STATE DISPLAY TEST MODE . . . . . . . . . .5 HIGH AND LOW LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
DRB III CIRCUIT ACTUATION TEST MODE . . . . . .5 LOAD VALUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......6

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OPERATION

The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) monitors
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION many different circuits in the fuel injection, ignition,
emission and engine systems. If the PCM senses a
DESCRIPTION problem with a monitored circuit often enough to
OBD II requires that vehicles falling under OBD II indicate an actual problem, it stores a Diagnostic
guidelines utilize the following system monitors: Trouble Code (DTC) in the PCM’s memory. If the
• Comprehensive Component Monitor (inputs/out- code applies to a non-emissions related component or
puts for powertrain management that affect emis- system, and the problem is repaired or ceases to
sions, but do not have a specific major monitor) exist, the PCM cancels the code after 40 warmup
• Fuel Control Monitor (fuel compensation cycles. Diagnostic trouble codes that affect vehicle
required to maintain stoichiometric ratio rich/lean) emissions illuminate the Malfunction Indicator Lamp
• Misfire Monitor (change in crankshaft speed) (MIL). Refer to Malfunction Indicator Lamp in this
• Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor (response and section.
performance of oxygen sensors) Certain criteria must be met before the PCM
• Catalyst Monitor (Performance and efficiency of stores a DTC in memory. The criteria may be a spe-
catalyst) cific range of engine RPM, engine temperature,
• Evaporative Emissions Monitor (performance of and/or input voltage to the PCM.
and leaks from EVAP system) The PCM might not store a DTC for a monitored
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation Monitor (flow perfor- circuit even though a malfunction has occurred. This
mance of EGR system) may happen because one of the DTC criteria for the
The software was rewritten to enable the PCM to circuit has not been met. For example, assume the
carry out the responsibilities to meet these required diagnostic trouble code criteria requires the PCM to
guidelines. The PCM now contains a Task Manager. monitor the circuit only when the engine operates
between 750 and 2000 RPM. Suppose the sensor’s
output circuit shorts to ground when engine operates
above 2400 RPM (resulting in 0 volt input to the
25 - 2 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
PCM). Because the condition happens at an engine run, monitor the parameters for a trip for each test,
speed above the maximum threshold (2000 rpm), the and record the results of the test. Following are the
PCM will not store a DTC. responsibilities of the Task Manager software:
There are several operating conditions for which • Test Sequence
the PCM monitors and sets DTC’s. Refer to Moni- • MIL Illumination
tored Systems, Components, and Non-Monitored Cir- • Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
cuits in this section. • Trip Indicator
• Freeze Frame Data Storage
NOTE: Various diagnostic procedures may actually • Similar Conditions Window
cause a diagnostic monitor to set a DTC. For
instance, pulling a spark plug wire to perform a Test Sequence
spark test may set the misfire code. When a repair In many instances, emissions systems must fail
is completed and verified, use the DRB III scan tool diagnostic tests more than once before the PCM illu-
to erase all DTC’s and extinguish the MIL. minates the MIL. These tests are know as ’two trip
monitors.’ Other tests that turn the MIL lamp on
Technicians can display stored DTC’s by using the after a single failure are known as ’one trip moni-
DRB III scan tool. Refer to Diagnostic Trouble Codes tors.’ A trip is defined as ’start the vehicle and oper-
in this section. For DTC information, refer to charts ate it to meet the criteria necessary to run the given
in this section. monitor.’
Many of the diagnostic tests must be performed
under certain operating conditions. However, there
are times when tests cannot be run because another
test is in progress (conflict), another test has failed
(pending) or the Task Manager has set a fault that
may cause a failure of the test (suspend).
• Pending
Under some situations the Task Manager will not
run a monitor if the MIL is illuminated and a fault is
stored from another monitor. In these situations, the
Task Manager postpones monitors pending resolu-
tion of the original fault. The Task Manager does not
run the test until the problem is remedied.
For example, when the MIL is illuminated for an
Oxygen Sensor fault, the Task Manager does not run
the Catalyst Monitor until the Oxygen Sensor fault is
Fig. 1 Data Link (Diagnostic) Connector remedied. Since the Catalyst Monitor is based on sig-
1 – DIAGNOSTIC CONNECTOR nals from the Oxygen Sensor, running the test would
produce inaccurate results.
• Conflict
TASK MANAGER There are situations when the Task Manager does
not run a test if another monitor is in progress. In
DESCRIPTION these situations, the effects of another monitor run-
The PCM is responsible for efficiently coordinating ning could result in an erroneous failure. If this con-
the operation of all the emissions-related compo- flict is present, the monitor is not run until the
nents. The PCM is also responsible for determining if conflicting condition passes. Most likely the monitor
the diagnostic systems are operating properly. The will run later after the conflicting monitor has
software designed to carry out these responsibilities passed.
is call the ’Task Manager’. For example, if the Fuel System Monitor is in
progress, the Task Manager does not run the EGR
OPERATION Monitor. Since both tests monitor changes in air/fuel
The Task Manager determines which tests happen ratio and adaptive fuel compensation, the monitors
when and which functions occur when. Many of the will conflict with each other.
diagnostic steps required by OBD II must be per- • Suspend
formed under specific operating conditions. The Task Occasionally the Task Manager may not allow a two
Manager software organizes and prioritizes the diag- trip fault to mature. The Task Manager will sus-
nostic procedures. The job of the Task Manager is to pend the maturing of a fault if a condition exists
determine if conditions are appropriate for tests to be
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
that may induce an erroneous failure. This prevents DTC Self Erasure
illuminating the MIL for the wrong fault and allows With one trip components or systems, the MIL is
more precis diagnosis. illuminated upon test failure and DTCs are stored.
For example, if the PCM is storing a one trip fault Two trip monitors are components requiring failure
for the Oxygen Sensor and the EGR monitor, the in two consecutive trips for MIL illumination. Upon
Task Manager may still run the EGR Monitor but failure of the first test, the Task Manager enters a
will suspend the results until the Oxygen Sensor maturing code. If the component fails the test for a
Monitor either passes or fails. At that point the Task second time the code matures and a DTC is set.
Manager can determine if the EGR system is actu- After three good trips the MIL is extinguished and
ally failing or if an Oxygen Sensor is failing. the Task Manager automatically switches the trip
counter to a warm-up cycle counter. DTCs are auto-
MIL Illumination matically erased following 40 warm-up cycles if the
The PCM Task Manager carries out the illumina- component does not fail again.
tion of the MIL. The Task Manager triggers MIL illu- For misfire and fuel system monitors, the compo-
mination upon test failure, depending on monitor nent must pass the test under a Similar Conditions
failure criteria. Window in order to record a good trip. A Similar Con-
The Task Manager Screen shows both a Requested ditions Window is when engine RPM is within 6375
MIL state and an Actual MIL state. When the MIL is RPM and load is within 610% of when the fault
illuminated upon completion of a test for a third trip, occurred.
the Requested MIL state changes to OFF. However,
the MIL remains illuminated until the next key NOTE: It is important to understand that a compo-
cycle. (On some vehicles, the MIL will actually turn nent does not have to fail under a similar window of
OFF during the third key cycle) During the key cycle operation to mature. It must pass the test under a
for the third good trip, the Requested MIL state is Similar Conditions Window when it failed to record
OFF, while the Actual MILL state is ON. After the a Good Trip for DTC erasure for misfire and fuel
next key cycle, the MIL is not illuminated and both system monitors.
MIL states read OFF.
DTCs can be erased anytime with a DRB III. Eras-
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) ing the DTC with the DRB III erases all OBD II
With OBD II, different DTC faults have different information. The DRB III automatically displays a
priorities according to regulations. As a result, the warning that erasing the DTC will also erase all
priorities determine MIL illumination and DTC era- OBD II monitor data. This includes all counter infor-
sure. DTCs are entered according to individual prior- mation for warm-up cycles, trips and Freeze Frame.
ity. DTCs with a higher priority overwrite lower
priority DTCs. Trip Indicator
The Trip is essential for running monitors and
Priorities extinguishing the MIL. In OBD II terms, a trip is a
• Priority 0 —Non-emissions related trouble codes set of vehicle operating conditions that must be met
• Priority 1 — One trip failure of a two trip fault for a specific monitor to run. All trips begin with a
for non-fuel system and non-misfire. key cycle.
• Priority 2 — One trip failure of a two trip fault Good Trip
for fuel system (rich/lean) or misfire. The Good Trip counters are as follows:
• Priority 3 — Two trip failure for a non-fuel sys- • Global Good Trip
tem and non-misfire or matured one trip comprehen- • Fuel System Good Trip
sive component fault. • Misfire Good Trip
• Priority 4 — Two trip failure or matured fault • Alternate Good Trip (appears as a Global Good
for fuel system (rich/lean) and misfire or one trip cat- Trip on DRB III)
alyst damaging misfire. • Comprehensive Components
Non-emissions related failures have no priority. • Major Monitor
One trip failures of two trip faults have low priority. • Warm-Up Cycles
Two trip failures or matured faults have higher pri- Global Good Trip
ority. One and two trip failures of fuel system and To increment a Global Good Trip, the Oxygen sen-
misfire monitor take precedence over non-fuel system sor and Catalyst efficiency monitors must have run
and non-misfire failures. and passed.
Fuel System Good Trip
To count a good trip (three required) and turn off
the MIL, the following conditions must occur:
25 - 4 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
• Engine in closed loop trip faults. Freeze Frame data will only be overwrit-
• Operating in Similar Conditions Window ten by a different fault with a higher priority.
• Short Term multiplied by Long Term less than
threshold CAUTION: Erasing DTCs, either with the DRB III or
• Less than threshold for a predetermined time by disconnecting the battery, also clears all Freeze
If all of the previous criteria are met, the PCM will Frame data.
count a good trip (three required) and turn off the
MIL.
Similar Conditions Window
Misfire Good Trip
If the following conditions are met the PCM will The Similar Conditions Window displays informa-
count one good trip (three required) in order to turn tion about engine operation during a monitor. Abso-
off the MIL: lute MAP (engine load) and Engine RPM are stored
• Operating in Similar Condition Window in this window when a failure occurs. There are two
• 1000 engine revolutions with no misfire different Similar conditions Windows: Fuel System
Alternate Good Trip and Misfire.
Alternate Good Trips are used in place of Global FUEL SYSTEM
Good Trips for Comprehensive Components and • Fuel System Similar Conditions Window —
Major Monitors. If the Task Manager cannot run a An indicator that ’Absolute MAP When Fuel Sys Fail’
Global Good Trip because a component fault is stop- and ’RPM When Fuel Sys Failed’ are all in the same
ping the monitor from running, it will attempt to range when the failure occurred. Indicated by switch-
count an Alternate Good Trip. ing from ’NO’ to ’YES’.
The Task Manager counts an Alternate Good Trip • Absolute MAP When Fuel Sys Fail — The
for Comprehensive components when the following stored MAP reading at the time of failure. Informs
conditions are met: the user at what engine load the failure occurred.
• Two minutes of engine run time • Absolute MAP — A live reading of engine load
• No other faults occur to aid the user in accessing the Similar Conditions
The Task Manager counts an Alternate Good Trip Window.
for a Major Monitor when the monitor runs and • RPM When Fuel Sys Fail — The stored RPM
passes. Only the Major Monitor that failed needs to reading at the time of failure. Informs the user at
pass to count an Alternate Good Trip. what engine RPM the failure occurred.
Warm-Up Cycles • Engine RPM — A live reading of engine RPM
Once the MIL has been extinguished by the Good to aid the user in accessing the Similar Conditions
Trip Counter, the PCM automatically switches to a Window.
Warm-Up Cycle Counter that can be viewed on the • Adaptive Memory Factor — The PCM uti-
DRB III. Warm-Up Cycles are used to erase DTCs lizes both Short Term Compensation and Long Term
and Freeze Frames. Forty Warm-Up cycles must Adaptive to calculate the Adaptive Memory Factor
occur in order for the PCM to self-erase a DTC and for total fuel correction.
Freeze Frame. A Warm-Up Cycle is defined as fol- • Upstream O2S Volts — A live reading of the
lows: Oxygen Sensor to indicate its performance. For
• Engine coolant temperature must start below example, stuck lean, stuck rich, etc.
and rise above 160° F • SCW Time in Window (Similar Conditions
• Engine coolant temperature must rise by 40° F Window Time in Window) — A timer used by the
• No further faults occur PCM that indicates that, after all Similar Conditions
have been met, if there has been enough good engine
Freeze Frame Data Storage running time in the SCW without failure detected.
Once a failure occurs, the Task Manager records This timer is used to increment a Good Trip.
several engine operating conditions and stores it in a • Fuel System Good Trip Counter — A Trip
Freeze Frame. The Freeze Frame is considered one Counter used to turn OFF the MIL for Fuel System
frame of information taken by an on-board data DTCs. To increment a Fuel System Good Trip, the
recorder. When a fault occurs, the PCM stores the engine must be in the Similar Conditions Window,
input data from various sensors so that technicians Adaptive Memory Factor must be less than cali-
can determine under what vehicle operating condi- brated threshold and the Adaptive Memory Factor
tions the failure occurred. must stay below that threshold for a calibrated
The data stored in Freeze Frame is usually amount of time.
recorded when a system fails the first time for two • Test Done This Trip — Indicates that the
monitor has already been run and completed during
the current trip.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 5
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
MISFIRE Additionally, the PCM may reset (turn off) the MIL
• Same Misfire Warm-Up State — Indicates if when one of the following occur:
the misfire occurred when the engine was warmed up • PCM does not detect the malfunction for 3 con-
(above 160° F). secutive trips (except misfire and fuel system moni-
• In Similar Misfire Window — An indicator tors).
that ’Absolute MAP When Misfire Occurred’ and • PCM does not detect a malfunction while per-
’RPM When Misfire Occurred’ are all in the same forming three successive engine misfire or fuel sys-
range when the failure occurred. Indicated by switch- tem tests. The PCM performs these tests while the
ing from ’NO’ to ’YES’. engine is operating within 6 375 RPM of and within
• Absolute MAP When Misfire Occurred — 10 % of the load of the operating condition at which
The stored MAP reading at the time of failure. the malfunction was first detected.
Informs the user at what engine load the failure
occurred. DRB III STATE DISPLAY TEST MODE
• Absolute MAP — A live reading of engine load
to aid the user in accessing the Similar Conditions OPERATION
Window. The switch inputs to the Powertrain Control Mod-
• RPM When Misfire Occurred — The stored ule (PCM) have two recognized states; HIGH and
RPM reading at the time of failure. Informs the user LOW. For this reason, the PCM cannot recognize the
at what engine RPM the failure occurred. difference between a selected switch position versus
• Engine RPM — A live reading of engine RPM an open circuit, a short circuit, or a defective switch.
to aid the user in accessing the Similar Conditions If the State Display screen shows the change from
Window. HIGH to LOW or LOW to HIGH, assume the entire
• Adaptive Memory Factor — The PCM uti- switch circuit to the PCM functions properly. From
lizes both Short Term Compensation and Long Term the state display screen, access either State Display
Adaptive to calculate the Adaptive Memory Factor Inputs and Outputs or State Display Sensors.
for total fuel correction.
• 200 Rev Counter — Counts 0–100 720 degree DRB III CIRCUIT ACTUATION TEST MODE
cycles.
• SCW Cat 200 Rev Counter — Counts when in OPERATION
similar conditions. The Circuit Actuation Test Mode checks for proper
• SCW FTP 1000 Rev Counter — Counts 0–4 operation of output circuits or devices the Powertrain
when in similar conditions. Control Module (PCM) may not internally recognize.
• Misfire Good Trip Counter — Counts up to The PCM attempts to activate these outputs and
three to turn OFF the MIL. allow an observer to verify proper operation. Most of
the tests provide an audible or visual indication of
MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LAMP (MIL) device operation (click of relay contacts, fuel spray,
etc.). Except for intermittent conditions, if a device
OPERATION functions properly during testing, assume the device,
As a functional test, the Malfunction Indicator its associated wiring, and driver circuit work cor-
Lamp (MIL) illuminates at key-on before engine rectly.
cranking. Whenever the Powertrain Control Module
(PCM) sets a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) that DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
affects vehicle emissions, it illuminates the MIL. If a
problem is detected, the PCM sends a message over DESCRIPTION
the PCI Bus to the instrument cluster to illuminate A Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) indicates the
the lamp. The PCM illuminates the MIL only for PCM has recognized an abnormal condition in the
DTC’s that affect vehicle emissions. The MIL stays system.
on continuously when the PCM has entered a Remember that DTC’s are the results of a sys-
Limp-In mode or identified a failed emission compo- tem or circuit failure, but do not directly iden-
nent or system. The MIL remains on until the DTC tify the failed component or components.
is erased. Refer to the Diagnostic Trouble Code
charts in this group for emission related codes. NOTE: For a list of DTC’s, refer to the charts in this
Also, the MIL either flashes or illuminates contin- section.
uously when the PCM detects active engine misfire.
Refer to Misfire Monitoring in this section.
25 - 6 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
OPERATION the passenger compartment; at the lower edge of
instrument panel; near the steering column.
BULB CHECK (2) Turn the ignition switch on and access the
Each time the ignition key is turned to the ON “Read Fault” screen.
position, the malfunction indicator (check engine) (3) Record all the DTC’s and “freeze frame” infor-
lamp on the instrument panel should illuminate for mation shown on the DRB scan tool.
approximately 2 seconds then go out. This is done for (4) To erase DTC’s, use the “Erase Trouble Code”
a bulb check. data screen on the DRB scan tool. Do not erase any
DTC’s until problems have been investigated
OBTAINING DTC’S USING DRB SCAN TOOL and repairs have been performed.
(1) Connect the DRB scan tool to the data link
(diagnostic) connector. This connector is located in

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTIONS

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
(G) Generator Lamp Illuminated
GENERIC SCAN DRB SCAN TOOL DISPLAY DESCRIPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
TOOL CODE
P0106 (M) Barometric Pressure Out of Range MAP sensor input voltage out of an acceptable range
detected during reading of barometric pressure at
key-on.
P0107 (M) Map Sensor Voltage Too Low MAP sensor input below minimum acceptable voltage.
P0108 (M) Map Sensor Voltage Too High MAP sensor input above maximum acceptable voltage.
P0112 (M) Intake Air Temp Sensor Voltage Low Intake air (charge) temperature sensor input below the
minimum acceptable voltage.
P0113 (M) Intake Air Temp Sensor Voltage Intake air (charge) temperature sensor input above the
High maximum acceptable voltage.
P0116 A rationatilty error has been detected in the coolant
temp sensor.
P0117 (M) ECT Sensor Voltage Too Low Engine coolant temperature sensor input below the
minimum acceptable voltage.
P0118 (M) ECT Sensor Voltage Too High Engine coolant temperature sensor input above the
maximum acceptable voltage.
P0121 (M) TPS Voltage Does Not Agree With TPS signal does not correlate to MAP sensor signal.
MAP
P0122 (M) Throttle Position Sensor Voltage Throttle position sensor input below the acceptable
Low voltage range.
P0123 (M) Throttle Position Sensor Voltage Throttle position sensor input above the maximum
High acceptable voltage.
P0125 (M) Closed Loop Temp Not Reached Time to enter Closed Loop Operation (Fuel Control) is
excessive.
P0130 1/1 O2 Sensor Heater Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the ASD or
CNG shutoff relay control ckt.
P0131 (M) 1/1 O2 Sensor Shorted To Ground Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained below normal
operating range.
P0132 (M) 1/1 O2 Sensor Shorted To Voltage Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above normal
operating range.
P0133 (M) 1/1 O2 Sensor Slow Response Oxygen sensor response slower than minimum required
switching frequency.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 7
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P0134 (M) 1/1 O2 Sensor Stays at Center Neither rich or lean condition is detected from the
oxygen sensor input.
P0135 (M) 1/1 O2 Sensor Heater Failure Oxygen sensor heater element malfunction.
P0136 1/2 O2 Sensor Heater Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the ASD or
CNG shutoff relay control ckt.
P0137 (M) 1/2 O2 Sensor Shorted To Ground Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained below normal
operating range.
P0138 (M) 1/2 O2 Sensor Shorted To Voltage Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above normal
operating range.
P0139 (M) 1/2 O2 Sensor Slow Response Oxygen sensor response not as expected.
P0140 (M) 1/2 O2 Sensor Stays at Center Neither rich or lean condition is detected from the
oxygen sensor.
P0141 (M) 1/2 O2 Sensor Heater Failure Oxygen sensor heater element malfunction.
P0143 1/3 O2 Sensor Shorted To Ground Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained below normal
operating range.
P0144 1/3 O2 Sensor Shorted To Voltage Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above normal
operating range.
P0145 1/3 O2 Sensor Slow Response Oxygen sensor response slower than minimum required
switching frequency.
P0146 1/3 O2 Sensor Stays at Center Neither rich or lean condition is detected from the
oxygen sensor.
P0147 1/3 O2 Sensor Heater Failure Oxygen sensor heater element malfunction.
P0151 (M) 2/1 O2 Sensor Shorted To Ground Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained below normal
operating range.
P0152 (M) 2/1 O2 Sensor Shorted To Voltage Oxygen sensor input voltage sustained above normal
operating range.
P0153 (M) 2/1 O2 Sensor Slow Response Oxygen sensor response slower than minimum required
switching frequency.
P0154 (M) 2/1 O2 Sensor Stays at Center Neither rich or lean condition is detected from the
oxygen sensor.
P0155 (M) 2/1 O2 Sensor Heater Failure Oxygen sensor heater element malfunction.
P0157 (M) 2/2 O2 Sensor Shorted To Ground Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained below normal
operating range.
P0158 (M) 2/2 O2 Sensor Shorted To Voltage Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above normal
operating range.
P0159 2/2 O2 Sensor Slow Response Oxygen sensor response slower than minimum required
switching frequency.
P0160 (M) 2/2 O2 Sensor Stays at Center Neither rich or lean condition is detected from the
oxygen sensor.
P0161 (M) 2/2 O2 Sensor Heater Failure Oxygen sensor heater element malfunction.
P0165 Starter Relay Control Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the starter
relay control circuit.
P0171 (M) 1/1 Fuel System Lean A lean air/fuel mixture has been indicated by an
abnormally rich correction factor.
P0172 (M) 1/1 Fuel System Rich A rich air/fuel mixture has been indicated by an
abnormally lean correction factor.
25 - 8 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P0174 (M) 2/1 Fuel System Lean A lean air/fuel mixture has been indicated by an
abnormally rich correction factor.
P0175 (M) 2/1 Fuel System Rich A rich air/fuel mixture has been indicated by an
abnormally lean correction factor.
P0178 Water in Fuel Sensor Voltage Too Flex fuel sensor input below minimum acceptable
Low voltage.
P0179 Flex Fuel Sensor Volts Too High Flex fuel sensor input above maximum acceptable
voltage.
P0182 CNG Temp Sensor Voltage Too Low Compressed natural gas temperature sensor voltage
below acceptable voltage.
P0183 CNG Temp Sensor Voltage Too Compressed natural gas temperature sensor voltage
High above acceptable voltage.
P0201 (M) Injector #1 Control Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in control circuit
for injector #1 or the INJ 1 injector bank.
P0202 (M) Injector #2 Control Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in control circuit
for injector #2 or the INJ 2 injector bank.
P0203 (M) Injector #3 Control Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in control circuit
for injector #3 or the INJ 3 injector bank.
P0204 (M) Injector #4 Control Circuit Injector #4 or INJ 4 injector bank output driver stage
does not respond properly to the control signal.
P0205 (M) Injector #5 Control Circuit Injector #5 output driver stage does not respond
properly to the control signal.
P0206 (M) Injector #6 Control Circuit Injector #6 output driver stage does not respond
properly to the control signal.
P0207 Injector #7 Control Circuit Injector #7 output driver stage does not respond
properly to the control signal.
P0208 Injector #8 Control Circuit Injector #8 output driver stage does not respond
properly to the control signal.
P0209 Injector #9 Control Circuit Injector #9 output driver stage does not respond
properly to the control signal.
P0210 Injector #10 Control Circuit Injector #10 output driver stage does not respond
properly to the control signal.
P0300 (M) Multiple Cylinder Mis-fire Misfire detected in multiple cylinders.
P0301 (M) CYLINDER #1 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #1.
P0302 (M) CYLINDER #2 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #2.
P0303 (M) CYLINDER #3 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #3.
P0304 (M) CYLINDER #4 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #4.
P0305 (M) CYLINDER #5 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #5.
P0306 (M) CYLINDER #6 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #6.
P0307 (M) CYLINDER #7 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #7
P0308 (M) CYLINDER #8 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #8.
P0309 (M) CYLINDER #9 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #9.
P0310 (M) CYLINDER #10 MISFIRE Misfire detected in cylinder #10.
P0320 No Crank Referance Signal at PCM No reference signal (crankshaft position sensor)
detected during engine cranking.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 9
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P0325 Knock Sensor #1 Circuit Knock sensor (#1) signal above or below minimum
acceptable threshold voltage at particular engine
speeds.
P0330 Knock Sensor #2 Circuit Knock sensor (#2) signal above or below minimum
acceptable threshold voltage at particular engine
speeds.
P0340 (M) No Cam Signal At PCM No fuel sync
P0350 Ignition Coil Draws Too Much A coil (1-5) is drawing too much current.
Current
P0351 (M) Ignition Coil # 1 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time.
P0352 (M) Ignition Coil # 2 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time.
P0353 (M) Ignition Coil # 3 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time.
P0354 (M) Ignition Coil # 4 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time (High Impedance).
P0355 (M) Ignition Coil # 5 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time (High Impedance).
P0356 (M) Ignition Coil # 6 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time (high impedance).
P0357 Ignition Coil # 7 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time (high impedance).
P0358 Ignition Coil # 8 Primary Circuit Peak primary circuit current not achieved with maximum
dwell time (high impedance).
P0401 (M) EGR System Failure Required change in air/fuel ration not detected during
diagnostic test.
P0403 (M) EGR Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the EGR
solenoid control circuit.
P0404 (M) EGR Position Sensor Rationality EGR position sensor signal does not correlate to EGR
duty cycle.
P0405 (M) EGR Position Sensor Volts Too Low EGR position sensor input below the acceptable voltage
range.
P0406 (M) EGR Position Sensor Volts Too EGR position sensor input above the acceptable voltage
High range.
P0412 Secondary Air Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the secondary
air (air switching/aspirator) solenoid control circuit.
P0420 (M) 1/1 Catalytic Converter Efficiency Catalyst 1/1 efficiency below required level.
P0432 (M) 1/2 Catalytic Converter Efficiency Catalyst 2/1 efficiency below required level.
P0441 (M) Evap Purge Flow Monitor Insufficient or excessive vapor flow detected during
evaporative emission system operation.
P0442 (M) Evap Leak Monitor Medium Leak A small leak has been detected in the evaporative
Detected system.
P0443 (M) Evap Purge Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the EVAP
purge solenoid control circuit.
P0455 (M) Evap Leak Monitor Large Leak A large leak has been detected in the evaporative
Detected system.
25 - 10 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P0456 Evap Leak Monitor Small Leak
Detected
P0460 Fuel Level Unit No Change Over No movement of fuel level sender detected.
Miles
P0461 Fuel Level Unit No Changeover No level of fuel level sender detected.
Time
P0462 Fuel Level Sending Unit Volts Too Fuel level sensor input below acceptable voltage.
Low
P0463 Fuel Level Sending Unit Volts Too Fuel level sensor input above acceptable voltage.
High
P0500 (M) No Vehicle Speed Sensor Signal No vehicle speed sensor signal detected during road
load conditions.
P0505 (M) Idle Air Control Motor Circuits Replace
P0522 Oil Pressure Sens Low Oil pressure sensor input below acceptable voltage.
P0523 Oil Pressure Sens High Oil pressure sensor input above acceptable voltage.
P0551 (M) Power Steering Switch Failure Incorrect input state detected for the power steering
switch circuit. PL: High pressure seen at high speed.
P0600 (M) PCM Failure SPI Communications No communication detected between co-processors in
the control module.
P0601 (M) Internal Controller Failure Internal control module fault condition (check sum)
detected.
P0604 Internal Trans Controller Transmission control module RAM self test fault
detected. -Aisin transmission.
P0605 Internal Trans Controller Transmission control module ROM self test fault
detected -Aisin transmission.
P0622 (G) Generator Field Not Switching An open or shorted condition detected in the generator
Properly field control circuit.
P0645 A/C Clutch Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the A/C clutch
relay control circuit.
P0700 (M) EATX Controller DTC Present This SBEC III or JTEC DTC indicates that the EATX or
Aisin controller has an active fault and has illuminated
the MIL via a CCD (EATX) or SCI (Aisin) message. The
specific fault must be acquired from the EATX via CCD
or from the Aisin via ISO-9141.
P0703 (M) Brake Switch Stuck Pressed or Incorrect input state detected in the brake switch circuit.
Released (Changed from P1595).
P0711 Trans Temp Sensor, No Temp Rise Relationship between the transmission temperature and
After Start overdrive operation and/or TCC operation indicates a
failure of the Transmission Temperature Sensor. OBD II
Rationality.
P0712 Trans Temp Sensor Voltage Too Transmission fluid temperature sensor input below
Low acceptable voltage.
P0713 Trans Temp Sensor Voltage Too Transmission fluid temperature sensor input above
High acceptable voltage.
P0720 Low Output SPD Sensor RPM, The relationship between the Output Shaft Speed
Above 15 MPH Sensor and vehicle speed is not within acceptable
limits.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 11
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P0740 (M) Torq Con Clu, No RPM Drop at Relationship between engine and vehicle speeds
Lockup indicated failure of torque convertor clutch lock-up
system (TCC/PTU sol).
P0743 Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid/ An open or shorted condition detected in the torque
Trans Relay Circuits converter clutch (part throttle unlock) solenoid control
circuit. Shift solenoid C electrical fault - Aisin
transmission
P0748 Governor Pressur Sol Control/Trans An open or shorted condition detected in the Governor
Relay Circuits Pressure Solenoid circuit or Trans Relay Circuit in JTEC
RE transmissions.
P0751 O/D Switch Pressed (Lo) More Overdrive override switch input is in a prolonged
Than 5 Minutes depressed state.
P0753 Trans 3-4 Shift Sol/Trans Relay An open or shorted condition detected in the overdrive
Circuits solenoid control circuit or Trans Relay Circuit in JTEC
RE transmissions.
P0756 AW4 Shift Sol B (2-3) Functional Shift solenoid B (2-3) functional fault - Aisin
Failure transmission
P0783 3-4 Shift Sol, No RPM Drop at The overdrive solenoid is unable to engage the gear
Lockup change from 3rd gear to the overdrive gear.
P0801 Reverse Gear Lockout Circuit Open An open or shorted condition detected in the
or Short transmission reverse gear lock-out solenoid control
circuit.
P01192 Inlet Air Temp. Circuit Low Inlet Air Temp. sensor input below acceptable voltage
P01193 Inlet Air Temp. Circuit High Inlet Air Temp. sensor input above acceptable voltage.
P1195 (M) 1/1 O2 Sensor Slow During Catalyst A slow switching oxygen sensor has been detected in
Monitor bank 1/1 during catalyst monitor test. (was P0133)
P1196 (M) 2/1 O2 Sensor Slow During Catalyst A slow switching oxygen sensor has been detected in
Monitor bank 2/1 during catalyst monitor test. (was P0153)
P1197 1/2 O2 Sensor Slow During Catalyst A slow switching oxygen sensor has been detected in
Monitor bank 1/2 during catalyst monitor test. (was P0139)
P1198 Radiator Temperature Sensor Volts Radiator coolant temperature sensor input above the
Too High maximum acceptable voltage.
P1199 Radiator Temperature Sensor Volts Radiator coolant temperature sensor input below the
Too Low minimum acceptable voltage.
P1281 Engine is Cold Too Long Engine coolant temperature remains below normal
operating temperatures during vehicle travel
(Thermostat).
P1282 Fuel Pump Relay Control Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the fuel pump
relay control circuit.
P1288 Intake Manifold Short Runner An open or shorted condition detected in the short
Solenoid Circuit runner tuning valve circuit.
P1289 Manifold Tune Valve Solenoid An open or shorted condition detected in the manifold
Circuit tuning valve solenoid control circuit.
P1290 CNG Fuel System Pressure Too Compressed natural gas system pressure above normal
High operating range.
P1291 No Temp Rise Seen From Intake Energizing Heated Air Intake does not change intake air
Heaters temperature sensor an acceptable amount.
25 - 12 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P1292 CNG Pressure Sensor Voltage Too Compressed natural gas pressure sensor reading above
High acceptable voltage.
P1293 CNG Pressure Sensor Voltage Too Compressed natural gas pressure sensor reading below
Low acceptable voltage.
P1294 (M) Target Idle Not Reached Target RPM not achieved during drive idle condition.
Possible vacuum leak or IAC (AIS) lost steps.
P1295 No 5 Volts to TP Sensor Loss of a 5 volt feed to the Throttle Position Sensor has
been detected.
P1296 No 5 Volts to MAP Sensor Loss of a 5 volt feed to the MAP Sensor has been
detected.
P1297 (M) No Change in MAP From Start To No difference is recognized between the MAP reading
Run at engine idle and the stored barometric pressure
reading.
P1298 Lean Operation at Wide Open A prolonged lean condition is detected during Wide
Throttle Open Throttle.
P1299 (M) Vacuum Leak Found (IAC Fully MAP Sensor signal does not correlate to Throttle
Seated) Position Sensor signal. Possible vacuum leak.
P1388 Auto Shutdown Relay Control An open or shorted condition detected in the ASD or
Circuit CNG shutoff relay control ckt.
P1389 No ASD Relay Output Voltage At No Z1 or Z2 voltage sensed when the auto shutdown
PCM relay is energized.
P1390 (M) Timing Belt Skipped 1 Tooth or Relationship between Cam and Crank signals not
More correct.
P1391 (M) Intermittent Loss of CMP or CKP Loss of the Cam Position Sensor or Crank Position
sensor has occurred. For PL 2.0L
P1398 (M) Mis-Fire Adaptive Numerator at PCM is unable to learn the Crank Sensor’s signal in
Limit preparation for Misfire Diagnostics. Probable defective
Crank Sensor.
P1399 Wait To Start Lamp Cicuit An open or shorted condition detected in the Wait to
Start Lamp circuit.
P1403 No 5 Volts to EGR Sensor Loss of 5v feed to the EGR position sensor.
P1476 Too Little Secondary Air Insufficient flow of secondary air injection detected
during aspirator test.(was P0411)
P1477 Too Much Secondary Air Excessive flow of secondary air injection detected
during aspirator test (was P0411).
P1478 (M) Battery Temp Sensor Volts Out of Internal temperature sensor input voltage out of an
Limit acceptable range.
P1479 Transmission Fan Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the
transmission fan relay circuit.
P1480 PCV Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the PCV
solenoid circuit.
P1482 Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Catalyst temperature sensor circuit shorted low.
Shorted Low
P1483 Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Catalyst temperature sensor circuit shorted high.
Shorted High.
P1484 Catalytic Converter Overheat A catalyst overheat condition has been detected by the
Detected catalyst temperature sensor.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 13
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P1485 Air Injection Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the air assist
solenoid circuit.
P1486 (M) Evap Leak Monitor Pinched Hose LDP has detected a pinched hose in the evaporative
Found hose system.
P1487 Hi Speed Rad Fan CTRL Relay An open or shorted condition detected in the control
Circuit circuit of the #2 high speed radiator fan control relay.
P1488 Auxiliary 5 Volt Supply Output Too Auxiliary 5 volt sensor feed is sensed to be below an
Low acceptable limit.
P1489 (M) High Speed Fan CTRL Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the control
circuit of the high speed radiator fan control relay.
P1490 (M) Low Speed Fan CTRL Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in control circuit
of the low speed radiator fan control relay.
P1491 Rad Fan Control Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the radiator
fan control relay control circuit. This includes PWM solid
state relays.
P1492 (M,G) Ambient/Batt Temp Sen Volts Too External temperature sensor input above acceptable
High voltage.
P1493 (M,G) Ambient/Batt Temp Sen Volts Too External temperature sensor input below acceptable
Low voltage.
P1494 (M) Leak Detection Pump Sw or Incorrect input state detected for the Leak Detection
Mechanical Fault Pump (LDP) pressure switch.
P1495 (M) Leak Detection Pump Solenoid An open or shorted condition detected in the Leak
Circuit Detection Pump (LDP) solenoid circuit.
P1496 (M) 5 Volt Supply, Output Too Low 5 volt sensor feed is sensed to be below an acceptable
limit. ( < 4v for 4 sec ).
P1498 High Speed Rad Fan Ground CTRL An open or shorted condition detected in the control
Rly Circuit circuit of the #3 high speed radiator fan control relay.
P1594 (G) Charging System Voltage Too High Battery voltage sense input above target charging
voltage during engine operation.
P1595 Speed Control Solenoid Circuits An open or shorted condition detected in either of the
speed control vacuum or vent solenoid control circuits.
P1596 Speed Control Switch Always High Speed control switch input above maximum acceptable
voltage.
P1597 Speed Control Switch Always Low Speed control switch input below minimum acceptable
voltage.
P1598 A/C Pressure Sensor Volts Too High A/C pressure sensor input above maximum acceptable
voltage.
P1599 A/C Pressure Sensor Volts Too Low A/C pressure sensor input below minimum acceptable
voltage.
P1680 Clutch Released Switch Circuit
P1681 No I/P Cluster CCD/J1850 No CCD/J1850 messages received from the cluster
Messages Received control module.
P1682 (G) Charging System Voltage Too Low Battery voltage sense input below target charging
voltage during engine operation and no significant
change in voltage detected during active test of
generator output circuit.
P1683 SPD CTRL PWR Relay; or S/C 12v An open or shorted condition detected in the speed
Driver CKT control servo power control circuit. (SBECII: ext relay).
25 - 14 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
P1684 The battery has been disconnected within the last 50
starts.
P1685 Skim Invalid Key The engine controler has received an invalid key from
the SKIM.
P1686 No SKIM BUS Messages Received No CCD/J1850 messages received from the Smart Key
Immobilizer Module (SKIM).
P1687 No MIC BUS Message No CCD/J1850 messages received from the Mechanical
Instrument Cluster (MIC) module.
P1693 DTC Detected in Companion A fault has been generated in the companion engine
Module control module.
P1694 Fault In Companion Module No CCD/J1850 messages received from the powertrain
control module-Aisin transmission.
P1695 No CCD/J1850 Message From No CCD/J1850 messages received from the body
Body Control Module control module.
P1696 (M) PCM Failure EEPROM Write Unsuccessful attempt to write to an EEPROM location
Denied by the control module.
P1697 (M) PCM Failure SRI Mile Not Stored Unsuccessful attempt to update Service Reminder
Indicator (SRI or EMR) mileage in the control module
EEPROM.
P1698 (M) No CCD/J1850 Message From TCM No CCD/J1850 messages received from the electronic
transmission control module (EATX) or the Aisin
transmission controller.
P1719 Skip Shift Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the
transmission 2-3 gear lock-out solenoid control circuit.
P1756 GOV Press Not Equal to Target @ The requested pressure and the actual pressure are not
15-20 PSI within a tolerance band for the Governor Control
System which is used to regulate governor pressure to
control shifts for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gear. (Mid Pressure
Malfunction)
P1757 GOV Press Not Equal to Target @ The requested pressure and the actual pressure are not
15-20 PSI within a tolerance band for the Governor Control
System which is used to regulate governor pressure to
control shifts for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gear (Zero Pressure
Malfunction)
P1762 Gov Press Sen Offset Volts Too Lo The Governor Pressure Sensor input is greater than a
or High calibration limit or is less than a calibration limit for 3
consecutive park/neutral calibrations.
P1763 Governor Pressure Sensor Volts The Governor Pressure Sensor input is above an
Too Hi acceptable voltage level.
P1764 Governor Pressure Sensor Volts The Governor Pressure Sensor input is below an
Too Low acceptable voltage level.
P1765 Trans 12 Volt Supply Relay CTRL An open or shorted condition is detected in the
Circuit Transmission Relay control circuit. This relay supplies
power to the TCC>
P1899 (M) P/N Switch Stuck in Park or in Gear Incorrect input state detected for the Park/Neutral
switch.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 15
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

MONITORED SYSTEMS • MAP Sensor

• TPS
DESCRIPTION • Vehicle Speed
There are new electronic circuit monitors that • Short Term Compensation
check fuel, emission, engine and ignition perfor- Pending Conditions— The EGR Monitor does
mance. These monitors use information from various not run when any of the following example faults
sensor circuits to indicate the overall operation of the have illuminated the MIL:
fuel, engine, ignition and emission systems and thus • Misfire
the emissions performance of the vehicle. • Oxygen Sensor Monitor
The fuel, engine, ignition and emission systems • Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor
monitors do not indicate a specific component prob- • Fuel System Rich/Lean
lem. They do indicate that there is an implied prob- • Limp in for MAP, TPS or ECT
lem within one of the systems and that a specific • Vehicle Speed Sensor
problem must be diagnosed. • Cam or Crank Sensor
If any of these monitors detect a problem affecting • EGR Electrical
vehicle emissions, the Malfunction Indicator (Check • EVAP Electrical
Engine) Lamp will be illuminated. These monitors • Fuel Injector
generate Diagnostic Trouble Codes that can be dis- • Ignition Coil
played with the check engine lamp or a scan tool. • Idle Speed
The following is a list of the monitored systems: • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
• EGR Monitor • MAP Sensor
• Misfire Monitor • Intake Air Temperature (IAT)
• Fuel System Monitor Conflict Conditions— The EGR Monitor typi-
• Evaporative Emissions Monitor cally does not run if any of the following conditions
Following is a description of each system monitor, are present:
and its DTC. • Fuel System Monitor
Refer to the appropriate Powertrain Diagnos- • Purge Monitor
tics Procedures manual for diagnostic proce- • Catalyst Monitor
dures. • Low Fuel Level
• High Altitude
EGR MONITOR • Low Ambient Air Temperature
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) performs The EGR Monitor does not run if any of the follow-
an on-board diagnostic check of the EGR system. ing example DTCs are present:
The EGR system consists of two main components: • Misfire Monitor, Priority 2
a vacuum solenoid back pressure transducer and a • Upstream Oxygen Sensor Heater, Priority 1
vacuum operated valve. The EGR monitor is used to • Fuel System Monitor, Priority 2
test whether the EGR system is operating within • Oxygen Sensor Monitor, Priority 1
specifications. The diagnostic check activates only
during selected engine/driving conditions. When the MISFIRE MONITOR
conditions are met, the EGR is turned off (solenoid Excessive engine misfire results in increased cata-
energized) and the O2S compensation control is mon- lyst temperature and causes an increase in HC emis-
itored. Turning off the EGR shifts the air fuel (A/F) sions. Severe misfires could cause catalyst damage.
ratio in the lean direction. Oxygen sensor voltage To prevent catalytic convertor damage, the PCM
then indicates increased oxygen in the exhaust. Con- monitors engine misfire.
sequently, Short Term Compensation shifts to rich The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) monitors
(increased injector pulse width). By monitoring the for misfire during most engine operating conditions
shift, the PCM can indirectly monitor the EGR sys- (positive torque) by looking at changes in the crank-
tem. While this test does not directly measure the shaft speed. If a misfire occurs the speed of the
operation of the EGR system, it can be inferred from crankshaft will vary more than normal.
the shift in the O2S data whether the EGR system is OBD II regulations for misfire monitoring require
operating correctly. Because the O2S is being used, two different tests for misfire. The first is a Catalyst
the O2S test must pass its test before the EGR test. Damage level of misfire test. The second is for emis-
Enabling Conditions— sions greater than 1.5 times the Federal Tailpipe
• Engine Temperature (FTP) standards. The tests are monitored by two dif-
• Engine Run Time ferent counters. These counters are:
• Engine RPM
25 - 16 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
• 200 revolution increments for immediate cata- If the Adaptive Numerator is equal to the default
lyst damage value, the adaptive Numerator has not been learned
• 1000 revolution increments for emissions viola- and the Misfire Monitor does not run. If the Adaptive
tion and Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) test failure Numerator exceeds its limits, the PCM sets a DTC
for Adaptive Numerator and illuminates the MIL.
NOTE: The percent of misfire for malfunction crite- RPM Error— The PCM also checks the machining
ria varies due to RPM and load. As the engine tolerances for each group of slots. By monitoring the
speed increases or load decreases, the effects of a speed of the crank from the first slot to the last slot
misfire diminishes due to crankshaft momentum. in a group, the PCM can calculate engine RPM. The
Failure percentages also vary from engine to variance between groups of slots is know as the RPM
engine. error. In order for the PCM to run the Misfire Mon-
itor, RPM error must be less than approximately 5%.
Monitor Operation— The PCM utilizes the Enabling Conditions— The following conditions
Crankshaft Speed Fluctuation method to monitor for must be met before the PCM runs the Misfire Moni-
misfire. The misfire monitor utilizes a crankshaft tor:
position sensor to determine engine RPM. The sensor • RPM
can detect slight variations in engine speed due to • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
misfire. Misfire is continuously monitored once the • Barometric Pressure (MAP)
enabling conditions are met. • Fuel level
Once enabling conditions are met, the PCM counts • Ambient air Temperature
the number of misfires in every 200 revolutions of Pending Conditions— The Misfire Monitor does
the crankshaft. If, during five 200 counters, the mis- not run when the MIL is illuminated for any of the
fire percentage exceeds a predetermined value, a following:
maturing code is set and a Freeze Frame is entered. • Limp in mode for
Freeze Frame data is recorded during the last 200 — MAP
revolutions of the 1000 revolution period. A failure on — TPS
the second consecutive trip matures the code and a — Crankshaft Sensor
DTC is set. — Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
If misfire continues during the initial trip, the MIL • Speed Sensor DTC
is not illuminated. However, the MIL flashes when • EGR Electrical
the misfire percentage exceeds the malfunction per- • EVAP Electrical
centage, in any 200 revolution period, that would • Idle Speed Faults
cause permanent catalyst damage. This is a one trip • Intake Air Temperature
monitor. If misfire reaches a point in which catalyst • Oxygen Sensor Monitor
damage is likely to occur, the MIL flashes and a DTC • Oxygen Sensor Electrical
is stored in a Freeze Frame. The engine defaults to Conflict Conditions— If any of the following con-
open loop operation to prevent increased fuel flow to ditions conflict with the Misfire Monitor, the monitor
the cylinders. Once misfire is below the predeter- will not run:
mined percentage, the MIL stops flashing but • Low fuel level
remains illuminated. • MAP voltage rapidly changing
The 1000 revolution counters are two trip moni- • Severe engine decel
tors. As with the fuel system monitor, Freeze Frame • TPS toggling OPEN/CLOSED
data is from the original fault, and MIL extinguish- • Engine RPM too low (RPM levels by vehicle)
ing requires the monitor to pass under similar condi- • Engine RPM too high (RPM levels vary by vehi-
tions. cle)
The Adaptive Numerator— The Misfire Monitor • Full Lean or Decel Fuel Shut-off
takes into account component wear, sensor fatigue • Cold start
and machining tolerances. The PCM compares the
crankshaft in the vehicle to data on an ideal crank FUEL SYSTEM MONITOR
and uses this as a basis to determine variance. To do To comply with clean air regulations, vehicles are
this, the crankshaft sensor monitors the reference equipped with catalytic converters. These converters
notches in the crank. The PCM uses the first signal reduce the emission of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitro-
set as a point of reference. It then measures where gen and carbon monoxide. The catalyst works best
the second set of signals is, compared to where engi- when the air fuel (A/F) ratio is at or near the opti-
neering data has determined it should be. This vari- mum of 14.7 to 1.
ance is the Adaptive Numerator. The monitor will not
run if the numerator is not set.
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 17
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
The PCM is programmed to maintain the optimum are required to extinguish the MIL and 40 warm up
air/fuel ratio of 14.7 to 1. This is done by making cycles are required to erase the DTC. If the engine
short term corrections in the fuel injector pulse width does not run in a Similar Conditions Window, the
based on the O2S output. The programmed memory Task Manager extinguishes the MIL after 80 good
acts as a self calibration tool that the engine control- trips.
ler uses to compensate for variations in engine spec- Enabling Conditions— The following conditions
ifications, sensor tolerances and engine fatigue over must be met to operate the fuel control monitor:
the life span of the engine. By monitoring the actual • PCM not in fuel crank mode (engine running)
air-fuel ratio with the O2S (short term) and multiply- • PCM in Closed Loop fuel control
ing that with the program long-term (adaptive) mem- • Fuel system updating Long Term Adaptive
ory and comparing that to the limit, it can be • Fuel level above 15% of capacity
determined whether it will pass an emissions test. If • Fuel level below 85% of capacity
a malfunction occurs such that the PCM cannot Pending Conditions— The Fuel Control Monitor
maintain the optimum A/F ratio, then the MIL will does not operate if the MIL is illuminated for any of
be illuminated. the following:
Monitor Operation— Fuel systems monitors do • Misfire Monitor
not have a pre-test because they are continuously • Upstream O2S
running monitors. Therefore, the PCM constantly • EVAP Purge Solenoid Electrical PCM Self Test
monitors Short Term Compensation and Long Term Fault
Adaptive memory. • Camshaft or Crankshaft Position Sensor
Lean: If at anytime during a lean engine operation, • Fuel Injectors
short term compensation multiplied by long term • Ignition Coil Primary
adaptive exceeds a certain percentage for an • Throttle Position (TPS) Sensor
extended period, the PCM sets a Fuel System Lean • Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
Fault for that trip and a Freeze Frame is entered. • Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
Rich: If at anytime during a rich operation, Short • Idle Air Control (IAC)
Term Compensation multiplied by Long Term Adap- • 5V Output Too Low
tive is less than a predetermined value, the PCM • EGR Monitor
checks the Purge Free Cells. • EGR Solenoid Circuit
Purge Free Cells are values placed in Adaptive • Vehicle Speed Sensor
Memory cells when the EVAP Purge Solenoid is OFF. • Oxygen Sensor Monitor
Two, three or four Purge Free cells are used. One cor- • Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor
responds to an Adaptive Memory cell at idle, the • Oxygen Sensor Electrical
other to a cell that is off-idle. For example, if a Purge • Idle Speed Rationality
Free cell is labeled PFC1, it would hold the value for • Intake Air Temperature
Adaptive Memory cell C1 under non-purge condi- Suspend— The Task Manager will suspend
tions. maturing a Fuel System fault if any of the following
If all Purge Free Cells are less than a certain per- are present:
centage, and the Adaptive Memory factor is less than • Oxygen Sensor Response, Priority 1
a certain percentage, the PCM sets a Fuel System • O2 Heater, Priority 1
Rich fault for that trip and a Freeze Frame is • Misfire Monitor, Priority 2
entered.
The Fuel Monitor is a two trip monitor. The PCM EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS MONITOR
records engine data in Freeze Frame upon setting of LEAK DETECTION PUMP MONITOR— The
the first fault, or maturing code. When the fuel mon- leak detection assembly incorporates two primary
itor fails on a second consecutive trip, the code is functions: it must detect a leak in the evaporative
matured and the MIL is illuminated. The stored system and seal the evaporative system so the leak
Freeze Frame data is still from the first fault. detection test can be run.
In order for the PCM to extinguish the MIL, the The primary components within the assembly are:
Fuel Monitor must pass in a Similar Condition Win- A three port solenoid that activates both of the func-
dow. The similar conditions relate to RPM and load. tions listed above; a pump which contains a switch,
The engine must be within a predetermined percent- two check valves and a spring/diaphragm, a canister
age of both RPM and load when the monitor runs to vent valve (CVV) seal which contains a spring loaded
count a good trip. As with all DTCs, three good trips vent seal valve.
25 - 18 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
Immediately after a cold start, between predeter- by a shift in the 02 control, is present the test is
mined temperature thresholds limits, the three port passed. If not, it is assumed that the purge system is
solenoid is briefly energized. This initializes the not functioning in some respect. The LDP is again
pump by drawing air into the pump cavity and also turned off and the test is ended.
closes the vent seal. During non test conditions the Enabling Conditions for Systems with LDP
vent seal is held open by the pump diaphragm • Ambient Air Temperature
assembly which pushes it open at the full travel posi- • Barometric Pressure
tion. The vent seal will remain closed while the • Fuel level
pump is cycling due to the reed switch triggering of • Engine Temperature
the three port solenoid that prevents the diaphragm • No stalling
assembly from reaching full travel. After the brief • Battery voltage
initialization period, the solenoid is de-energized NON-LDP VEHICLES— On a vehicle without an
allowing atmospheric pressure to enter the pump EVAP leak detection pump system, changes in short
cavity, thus permitting the spring to drive the dia- term memory and movement in target IAC at idle or
phragm which forces air out of the pump cavity and idle speed change, are used to monitor the system.
into the vent system. When the solenoid is energized There are two stages for this test.
and de energized, the cycle is repeated creating flow Stage One— Stage one is a non-intrusive test.
in typical diaphragm pump fashion. The pump is con- The PCM compares adaptive memory values between
trolled in 2 modes: purge and purge-free cells. The PCM uses these val-
Pump Mode: The pump is cycled at a fixed rate to ues to determine the amount of fuel vapors entering
achieve a rapid pressure build in order to shorten the the system. If the difference between the cells
overall test length. exceeds a predetermined value, the test passes. If
Test Mode: The solenoid is energized with a fixed not, then the monitor advances to state two.
duration pulse. Subsequent fixed pulses occur when Stage Two— Once the enabling conditions are
the diaphragm reaches the Switch closure point. met, the PCM de-energizes the Duty Cycle Purge
The spring in the pump is set so that the system (DCP) solenoid. The PCM then waits until engine
will achieve an equalized pressure of about 7.5” H20. RPM, Short Term Compensation and Idle Air Control
The cycle rate of pump strokes is quite rapid as the have all stabilized. Once stable, the PCM increments
system begins to pump up to this pressure. As the the DCP solenoid cycle rate approximately 6% every
pressure increases, the cycle rate starts to drop off. If 8 engine revolutions. If during the test any one of
there is no leak in the system, the pump would even- three conditions occur before the DCP cycle reaches
tually stop pumping at the equalized pressure. If 100%, the EVAP system is considered to be opera-
there is a leak, it will continue to pump at a rate rep- tional and the test passes. These conditions are as
resentative of the flow characteristic of the size of the follows:
leak. From this information we can determine if the • RPM rises by a predetermined amount
leak is larger than the required detection limit (cur- • Short Term drops by a predetermined amount
rently set at.040” orifice by CARB). If a leak is • Idle Air Control closes by a predetermined
revealed during the leak test portion of the test, the amount
test is terminated at the end of the test mode and no When none of the previous conditions occur, the
further system checks will be performed. test fails and the PCM increments a counter by one.
After passing the leak detection phase of the test, When the PCM runs the test three times during a
system pressure is maintained by turning on the trip, and the counter has been incremented to three,
LDP’s solenoid until the purge system is activated. the monitor fails and a Freeze Frame is stored.
Purge activation in effect creates a leak. The cycle Enabling Conditions (Stage Two)— The follow-
rate is again interrogated and when it increases due ing conditions must be met to enable the EVAP Mon-
to the flow through the purge system, the leak check itor (without LDP)
portion of the diagnostic is complete. • Ambient Air Temperature
The canister vent valve will unseal the system • Barometric Pressure
after completion of the test sequence as the pump • Fuel level
diaphragm assembly moves to the full travel position. • Engine Temperature
Evaporative system functionality will be verified by • Engine run time
using the stricter evap purge flow monitor. At an • RPM stable
appropriate warm idle the LDP will be energized to • MAP
seal the canister vent. The purge flow will be clocked • Generator, radiator fans, A/C clutch
up from some small value in an attempt to see a Pending Conditions-With or Without LDP—
shift in the 02 control system. If fuel vapor, indicated The EVAP Monitor is suspended and does not run,
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 19
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
when the MIL is illuminated due to any of the fol- MONITORED COMPONENT
lowing faults:
• Misfire DESCRIPTION
• Oxygen Sensor Monitor There are several components that will affect vehi-
• Fuel System Rich cle emissions if they malfunction. If one of these com-
• Fuel System Lean ponents malfunctions the Malfunction Indicator
• EGR Monitor Lamp (Check Engine) will illuminate.
• MAP Some of the component monitors are checking for
• TPS proper operation of the part. Electrically operated
• ECT components now have input (rationality) and output
• DCP Solenoid (functionality) checks. Previously, a component like
Conflict Conditions-With or Without LDP— the Throttle Position sensor (TPS) was checked by
The EVAP Monitor does not run if any of the follow- the PCM for an open or shorted circuit. If one of
ing tests are in progress: these conditions occurred, a DTC was set. Now there
• Catalyst is a check to ensure that the component is working.
• EGR This is done by watching for a TPS indication of a
• Fuel System greater or lesser throttle opening than MAP and
• Misfire engine rpm indicate. In the case of the TPS, if engine
vacuum is high and engine rpm is 1600 or greater
TRIP DEFINITION and the TPS indicates a large throttle opening, a
DTC will be set. The same applies to low vacuum
OPERATION and 1600 rpm.
A “Trip” means vehicle operation (following an Any component that has an associated limp in will
engine-off period) of duration and driving mode such set a fault after 1 trip with the malfunction present.
that all components and systems are monitored at Refer to the Diagnostic Trouble Codes Description
least once by the diagnostic system. The monitors Charts in this section and the appropriate Power-
must successfully pass before the PCM can verify train Diagnostic Procedure Manual for diagnostic
that a previously malfunctioning component is meet- procedures.
ing the normal operating conditions of that compo- The following is a list of the monitored compo-
nent. For misfire or fuel system malfunction, the nents:
MIL may be extinguished if the fault does not recur • Comprehensive Components
when monitored during three subsequent sequential • Oxygen Sensor Monitor
driving cycles in which conditions are similar to • Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor
those under which the malfunction was first deter- • Catalyst Monitor
mined.
Anytime the MIL is illuminated, a DTC is stored. COMPREHENSIVE COMPONENTS
The DTC can self erase only when the MIL has been Along with the major monitors, OBD II requires
extinguished. Once the MIL is extinguished, the that the diagnostic system monitor any component
PCM must pass the diagnostic test for the most that could affect emissions levels. In many cases,
recent DTC for 40 warm-up cycles (80 warm-up these components were being tested under OBD I.
cycles for the Fuel System Monitor and the Misfire The OBD I requirements focused mainly on testing
Monitor). A warm-up cycle can best be described by emissions-related components for electrical opens and
the following: shorts.
• The engine must be running However, OBD II also requires that inputs from
• A rise of 40°F in engine temperature must occur powertrain components to the PCM be tested for
from the time when the engine was started rationality, and that outputs to powertrain compo-
• Engine coolant temperature must reach at least nents from the PCM be tested for functionality.
160°F Methods for monitoring the various Comprehensive
• A “driving cycle” that consists of engine start up Component monitoring include:
and engine shut off. (1) Circuit Continuity
Once the above conditions occur, the PCM is con- • Open
sidered to have passed a warm-up cycle. Due to the • Shorted high
conditions required to extinguish the MIL and erase • Shorted to ground
the DTC, it is most important that after a repair has (2) Rationality or Proper Functioning
been made, all DTC’s be erased and the repair veri- • Inputs tested for rationality
fied. • Outputs tested for functionality
25 - 20 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
NOTE: Comprehensive component monitors are the exhaust. When there is a large amount of oxygen
continuous. Therefore, enabling conditions do not in the exhaust caused by a lean condition, the sensor
apply. produces a low voltage, below 450 mV. When the oxy-
gen content is lower, caused by a rich condition, the
Input Rationality— While input signals to the sensor produces a higher voltage, above 450mV.
PCM are constantly being monitored for electrical The information obtained by the sensor is used to
opens and shorts, they are also tested for rationality. calculate the fuel injector pulse width. This main-
This means that the input signal is compared against tains a 14.7 to 1 air fuel (A/F) ratio. At this mixture
other inputs and information to see if it makes sense ratio, the catalyst works best to remove hydrocarbons
under the current conditions. (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (NOx)
PCM sensor inputs that are checked for rationality from the exhaust.
include: The O2S is also the main sensing element for the
• Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor EGR, Catalyst and Fuel Monitors.
• Oxygen Sensor (O2S) The O2S may fail in any or all of the following
• Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor manners:
• Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor • Slow response rate (Big Slope)
• Vehicle Speed Sensor • Reduced output voltage (Half Cycle)
• Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor • Heater Performance
• Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor Slow Response Rate (Big Slope)— Response
• Throttle Position (TPS) Sensor rate is the time required for the sensor to switch
• Ambient/Battery Temperature Sensors from lean to rich signal output once it is exposed to a
• Power Steering Switch richer than optimum A/F mixture or vice versa. As
• Oxygen Sensor Heater the PCM adjusts the air/fuel ratio, the sensor must
• Engine Controller be able to rapidly detect the change. As the sensor
• Brake Switch ages, it could take longer to detect the changes in the
• Leak Detection Pump Switch oxygen content of the exhaust gas. The rate of
• P/N Switch change that an oxygen sensor experiences is called
• Trans Controls ’Big Slope’. The PCM checks the oxygen sensor volt-
Output Functionality— PCM outputs are tested age in increments of a few milliseconds.
for functionality in addition to testing for opens and Reduced Output Voltage (Half Cycle)— The
shorts. When the PCM provides a voltage to an out- output voltage of the O2S ranges from 0 to 1 volt. A
put component, it can verify that the command was good sensor can easily generate any output voltage in
carried out by monitoring specific input signals for this range as it is exposed to different concentrations
expected changes. For example, when the PCM com- of oxygen. To detect a shift in the A/F mixture (lean
mands the Idle Air Control (IAC) Motor to a specific or rich), the output voltage has to change beyond a
position under certain operating conditions, it expects threshold value. A malfunctioning sensor could have
to see a specific (target) idle speed (RPM). If it does difficulty changing beyond the threshold value. Each
not, it stores a DTC. time the voltage signal surpasses the threshold, a
PCM outputs monitored for functionality include: counter is incremented by one. This is called the Half
• Fuel Injectors Cycle Counter.
• Ignition Coils Heater Performance— The heater is tested by a
• Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid separate monitor. Refer to the Oxygen Sensor Heater
• Idle Air Control Monitor.
• Purge Solenoid OPERATION— As the Oxygen Sensor signal
• EGR Solenoid switches, the PCM monitors the half cycle and big
• LDP Solenoid slope signals from the oxygen sensor. If during the
• Radiator Fan Control test neither counter reaches a predetermined value, a
• Trans Controls malfunction is entered and a Freeze Frame is stored.
Only one counter reaching its predetermined value is
OXYGEN SENSOR (O2S) MONITOR needed for the monitor to pass.
DESCRIPTION— Effective control of exhaust The Oxygen Sensor Monitor is a two trip monitor
emissions is achieved by an oxygen feedback system. that is tested only once per trip. When the Oxygen
The most important element of the feedback system Sensor fails the test in two consecutive trips, the
is the O2S. The O2S is located in the exhaust path. MIL is illuminated and a DTC is set. The MIL is
Once it reaches operating temperature 300° to 350°C extinguished when the Oxygen Sensor monitor
(572° to 662°F), the sensor generates a voltage that passes in three consecutive trips. The DTC is erased
is inversely proportional to the amount of oxygen in
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 21
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
from memory after 40 consecutive warm-up cycles repaired, verify that the heater circuit is operating
without test failure. correctly.
Enabling Conditions— The following conditions The voltage readings taken from the O2S are very
must typically be met for the PCM to run the oxygen temperature sensitive. The readings are not accurate
sensor monitor: below 300°C. Heating of the O2S is done to allow the
• Battery voltage engine controller to shift to closed loop control as
• Engine temperature soon as possible. The heating element used to heat
• Engine run time the O2S must be tested to ensure that it is heating
• Engine run time at a predetermined speed the sensor properly.
• Engine run time at a predetermined speed and The heater element itself is not tested. The sensor
throttle opening output is used to test the heater by isolating the
• Transmission in gear (automatic only) effect of the heater element on the O2S output volt-
• Fuel system in Closed Loop age from the other effects. The resistance is normally
• Long Term Adaptive (within parameters) between 100 ohms and 4.5 megaohms. When oxygen
• Power Steering Switch in low PSI (no load) sensor temperature increases, the resistance in the
• Engine at idle internal circuit decreases. The PCM sends a 5 volts
• Fuel level above 15% biased signal through the oxygen sensors to ground
• Ambient air temperature this monitoring circuit. As the temperature increases,
• Barometric pressure resistance decreases and the PCM detects a lower
• Engine RPM within acceptable range of desired voltage at the reference signal. Inversely, as the tem-
idle perature decreases, the resistance increases and the
• Closed throttle speed PCM detects a higher voltage at the reference signal.
Pending Conditions— The Task Manager typi- an The O2S circuit is monitored for a drop in voltage.
cally does not run the Oxygen Sensor Monitor if over- OPERATION— The Oxygen Sensor Heater Moni-
lapping monitors are running or the MIL is tor begins after the ignition has been turned OFF
illuminated for any of the following: and the O2 sensors have cooled. The PCM sends a 5
• Misfire Monitor volt bias to the oxygen sensor every 1.6 seconds. The
• Front Oxygen Sensor and Heater Monitor PCM keeps it biased for 35 ms each time. As the sen-
• MAP Sensor sor cools down, the resistance increases and the PCM
• Vehicle Speed Sensor reads the increase in voltage. Once voltage has
• Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor increased to a predetermined amount, higher than
• Throttle Position Sensor when the test started, the oxygen sensor is cool
• Engine Controller Self Test Faults enough to test heater operation.
• Cam or Crank Sensor When the oxygen sensor is cool enough, the PCM
• Injector and Coil energizes the ASD relay. Voltage to the O2 sensor
• Idle Air Control Motor begins to increase the temperature. As the sensor
• EVAP Electrical temperature increases, the internal resistance
• EGR Solenoid Electrical decreases. The PCM continues biasing the 5 volt sig-
• Intake Air Temperature nal to the sensor. Each time the signal is biased, the
• 5 Volt Feed PCM reads a voltage decrease. When the PCM
Conflict— The Task Manager does not run the detects a voltage decrease of a predetermined value
Oxygen Sensor Monitor if any of the following condi- for several biased pulses, the test passes.
tions are present: The heater elements are tested each time the
• A/C ON (A/C clutch cycling temporarily sus- engine is turned OFF if all the enabling conditions
pends monitor) are met. If the monitor fails, the PCM stores a
• Purge flow in progress maturing fault and a Freeze Frame is entered. If two
Suspend— The Task Manager suspends maturing consecutive tests fail, a DTC is stored. Because the
a fault for the Oxygen Sensor Monitor if an of the fol- ignition is OFF, the MIL is illuminated at the begin-
lowing are present: ning of the next key cycle.
• Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor, Priority 1 Enabling Conditions— The following conditions
• Misfire Monitor, Priority 2 must be met for the PCM to run the oxygen sensor
heater test:
OXYGEN SENSOR HEATER MONITOR • Engine run time of at least 5.1 minutes
DESCRIPTION— If there is an oxygen sensor • Key OFF power down
(O2S) DTC as well as a O2S heater DTC, the O2S • Battery voltage of at least 10 volts
fault MUST be repaired first. After the O2S fault is • Sufficient Oxygen Sensor cool down
25 - 22 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
Pending Conditions— There are not conditions totally ineffective catalyst, this ratio will be one-to-
or situations that prompt conflict or suspension of one, indicating that no oxidation occurs in the device.
testing. The oxygen sensor heater test is not run The system must be monitored so that when cata-
pending resolution of MIL illumination due to oxygen lyst efficiency deteriorates and exhaust emissions
sensor failure. increase to over the legal limit, the MIL (check
Suspend— There are no conditions which exist for engine lamp) will be illuminated.
suspending the Heater Monitor. Monitor Operation— To monitor catalyst effi-
ciency, the PCM expands the rich and lean switch
CATALYST MONITOR points of the heated oxygen sensor. With extended
To comply with clean air regulations, vehicles are switch points, the air/fuel mixture runs richer and
equipped with catalytic converters. These converters leaner to overburden the catalytic converter. Once
reduce the emission of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitro- the test is started, the air/fuel mixture runs rich and
gen and carbon monoxide. lean and the O2 switches are counted. A switch is
Normal vehicle miles or engine misfire can cause a counted when an oxygen sensor signal goes from
catalyst to decay. A meltdown of the ceramic core can below the lean threshold to above the rich threshold.
cause a reduction of the exhaust passage. This can The number of Rear O2 sensor switches is divided by
increase vehicle emissions and deteriorate engine the number of Front O2 sensor switches to determine
performance, driveability and fuel economy. the switching ratio.
The catalyst monitor uses dual oxygen sensors The test runs for 20 seconds. As catalyst efficiency
(O2S’s) to monitor the efficiency of the converter. The deteriorated over the life of the vehicle, the switch
dual O2S strategy is based on the fact that as a cat- rate at the downstream sensor approaches that of the
alyst deteriorates, its oxygen storage capacity and its upstream sensor. If at any point during the test
efficiency are both reduced. By monitoring the oxy- period the switch ratio reaches a predetermined
gen storage capacity of a catalyst, its efficiency can value, a counter is incremented by one. The monitor
be indirectly calculated. The upstream O2S is used to is enabled to run another test during that trip. When
detect the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas the test fails three times, the counter increments to
before the gas enters the catalytic converter. The three, a malfunction is entered, and a Freeze Frame
PCM calculates the A/F mixture from the output of is stored. When the counter increments to three dur-
the O2S. A low voltage indicates high oxygen content ing the next trip, the code is matured and the MIL is
(lean mixture). A high voltage indicates a low content illuminated. If the test passes the first, no further
of oxygen (rich mixture). testing is conducted during that trip.
When the upstream O2S detects a lean condition, The MIL is extinguished after three consecutive
there is an abundance of oxygen in the exhaust gas. good trips. The good trip criteria for the catalyst
A functioning converter would store this oxygen so it monitor is more stringent than the failure criteria. In
can use it for the oxidation of HC and CO. As the order to pass the test and increment one good trip,
converter absorbs the oxygen, there will be a lack of the downstream sensor switch rate must be less than
oxygen downstream of the converter. The output of 80% of the upstream rate (60% for manual transmis-
the downstream O2S will indicate limited activity in sions). The failure percentages are 90% and 70%
this condition. respectively.
As the converter loses the ability to store oxygen, Enabling Conditions— The following conditions
the condition can be detected from the behavior of must typically be met before the PCM runs the cat-
the downstream O2S. When the efficiency drops, no alyst monitor. Specific times for each parameter may
chemical reaction takes place. This means the con- be different from engine to engine.
centration of oxygen will be the same downstream as • Accumulated drive time
upstream. The output voltage of the downstream • Enable time
O2S copies the voltage of the upstream sensor. The • Ambient air temperature
only difference is a time lag (seen by the PCM) • Barometric pressure
between the switching of the O2S’s. • Catalyst warm-up counter
To monitor the system, the number of lean-to-rich • Engine coolant temperature
switches of upstream and downstream O2S’s is • Accumulated throttle position sensor
counted. The ratio of downstream switches to • Vehicle speed
upstream switches is used to determine whether the • MAP
catalyst is operating properly. An effective catalyst • RPM
will have fewer downstream switches than it has • Engine in closed loop
upstream switches i.e., a ratio closer to zero. For a • Fuel level
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 23
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
Pending Conditions— FUEL PRESSURE
• Misfire DTC The fuel pressure regulator controls fuel system
• Front Oxygen Sensor Response pressure. The PCM cannot detect a clogged fuel
• Front Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor pump inlet filter, clogged in-line fuel filter, or a
• Front Oxygen Sensor Electrical pinched fuel supply or return line. However, these
• Rear Oxygen Sensor Rationality (middle check) could result in a rich or lean condition causing the
• Rear Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor PCM to store an oxygen sensor or fuel system diag-
• Rear Oxygen Sensor Electrical nostic trouble code.
• Fuel System Monitor
• All TPS faults SECONDARY IGNITION CIRCUIT
• All MAP faults The PCM cannot detect an inoperative ignition coil,
• All ECT sensor faults fouled or worn spark plugs, ignition cross firing, or
• Purge flow solenoid functionality open spark plug cables.
• Purge flow solenoid electrical
• All PCM self test faults CYLINDER COMPRESSION
• All CMP and CKP sensor faults The PCM cannot detect uneven, low, or high engine
• All injector and ignition electrical faults cylinder compression.
• Idle Air Control (IAC) motor functionality
• Vehicle Speed Sensor EXHAUST SYSTEM
• Brake switch The PCM cannot detect a plugged, restricted or
• Intake air temperature leaking exhaust system. It may set a EGR or Fuel
Conflict— The catalyst monitor does not run if system fault or O2S.
any of the following are conditions are present:
• EGR Monitor in progress FUEL INJECTOR MECHANICAL MALFUNCTIONS
• Fuel system rich intrusive test in progress The PCM cannot determine if a fuel injector is
• EVAP Monitor in progress clogged, the needle is sticking or if the wrong injector
• Time since start is less than 60 seconds is installed. However, these could result in a rich or
• Low fuel level lean condition causing the PCM to store a diagnostic
• Low ambient air temperature trouble code for either misfire, an oxygen sensor, or
Suspend— The Task Manager does not mature a the fuel system.
catalyst fault if any of the following are present:
• Oxygen Sensor Monitor, Priority 1 EXCESSIVE OIL CONSUMPTION
• Upstream Oxygen Sensor Heater, Priority 1 Although the PCM monitors engine exhaust oxygen
• EGR Monitor, Priority 1 content when the system is in closed loop, it cannot
• EVAP Monitor, Priority 1 determine excessive oil consumption.
• Fuel System Monitor, Priority 2
• Misfire Monitor, Priority 2 THROTTLE BODY AIR FLOW
The PCM cannot detect a clogged or restricted air
NON-MONITORED CIRCUITS cleaner inlet or filter element.

OPERATION VACUUM ASSIST

The PCM does not monitor all circuits, systems The PCM cannot detect leaks or restrictions in the
and conditions that could have malfunctions causing vacuum circuits of vacuum assisted engine control
driveability problems. However, problems with these system devices. However, these could cause the PCM
systems may cause the PCM to store diagnostic trou- to store a MAP sensor diagnostic trouble code and
ble codes for other systems or components. For exam- cause a high idle condition.
ple, a fuel pressure problem will not register a fault
directly, but could cause a rich/lean condition or mis- PCM SYSTEM GROUND
fire. This could cause the PCM to store an oxygen The PCM cannot determine a poor system ground.
sensor or misfire diagnostic trouble code. However, one or more diagnostic trouble codes may
The major non-monitored circuits are listed below be generated as a result of this condition. The mod-
along with examples of failures modes that do not ule should be mounted to the body at all times, also
directly cause the PCM to set a DTC, but for a sys- during diagnostic.
tem that is monitored.
25 - 24 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
PCM CONNECTOR ENGAGEMENT the device. If the input voltage is not within limits
The PCM may not be able to determine spread or and other criteria are met, the PCM stores a diagnos-
damaged connector pins. However, it might store tic trouble code in memory. Other diagnostic trouble
diagnostic trouble codes as a result of spread connec- code criteria might include engine RPM limits or
tor pins. input voltages from other sensors or switches that
must be present before verifying a diagnostic trouble
HIGH AND LOW LIMITS code condition.

OPERATION
The PCM compares input signal voltages from each
input device with established high and low limits for

LOAD VALUE

ENGINE IDLE/NEUTRAL 2500 RPM/NEUTRAL

2.0L 2% to 8% of Maximum Load 8% to 15% of Maximum Load
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 25

EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION VALVE. . . 28

EVAPORATION CONTROL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . 25 VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL
EVAP CANISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 INFORMATION LABEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
PROPORTIONAL PURGE SOLENOID—PCM REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
OUTPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 EVAP CANISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
LEAK DETECTION PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 LEAK DETECTION PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
LEAK DETECTION PUMP PRESSURE PROPORTIONAL PURGE SOLENOID VALVE . . . . 30
SWITCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV)
SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OPERATION

All vehicles use a, maintenance free, evaporative
EVAPORATION CONTROL SYSTEM (EVAP) canister. Fuel tank vapors vent into the can-
ister. The canister temporarily holds the fuel vapors
OPERATION until intake manifold vacuum draws them into the
The evaporation control system prevents the emis- combustion chamber. The Powertrain Control Module
sion of fuel tank vapors into the atmosphere. When (PCM) purges the canister through the proportional
fuel evaporates in the fuel tank, the vapors pass purge solenoid. The PCM purges the canister at pre-
through vent hoses or tubes to an activated carbon determined intervals and engine conditions.
filled evaporative canister. The canister temporarily
holds the vapors. The Powertrain Control Module Purge Free Cells
(PCM) allows intake manifold vacuum to draw Purge-free memory cells are used to identify the
vapors into the combustion chambers during certain fuel vapor content of the evaporative canister. Since
operating conditions. the evaporative canister is not purged 100% of the
All engines use a proportional purge solenoid sys- time, the PCM stores information about the evapora-
tem. The PCM controls vapor flow by operating the tive canister’s vapor content in a memory cell.
purge solenoid. Refer to Proportional Purge Solenoid The purge-free cells are constructed similar to cer-
in this section. tain purge-normal cells. The purge-free cells can be
monitored by the DRB III Scan Tool. The only differ-
NOTE: The evaporative system uses specially man- ence between the purge-free cells and normal adap-
ufactured hoses. If they need replacement, only use tive cells is that in purge-free, the purge is
fuel resistant hose. Also the hoses must be able to completely turned off. This gives the PCM the ability
pass an Ozone compliance test. to compare purge and purge-free operation.

PROPORTIONAL PURGE SOLENOID—PCM

NOTE: For more information on Onboard Refueling
Vapor Recovery (ORVR), refer to the Fuel Delivery
OUTPUT
section.
DESCRIPTION

EVAP CANISTER OPERATION

All vehicles use a proportional purge solenoid. The
DESCRIPTION solenoid regulates the rate of vapor flow from the
The vacuum and vapor tubes connect to the top of EVAP canister to the throttle body. The PCM oper-
the canister (Fig. 1). ates the solenoid.
During the cold start warm-up period and the hot
start time delay, the PCM does not energize the sole-
noid. When de-energized, no vapors are purged.
25 - 26 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

1 – FUEL CAP 8 – CANISTER

2 – RECIRCULATION TUBE 9 – ROLLOVER VALVE
3 – LIQUID SEPARATOR 10 – FUEL TANK
4 – PURGE 11 – CHECK VALVE
5 – W/LDP 12 – LIQUID TRAP
6 – BREATHER ELEMENT 13 – CONTROL VALVE
7 – W/O LDP

ORVR System Schematic

The proportional purge solenoid operates at a fre- OPERATION
quency of 200 hz and is controlled by an engine con- Immediately after a cold start, when the engine
troller circuit that senses the current being applied temperature is between 40°F and 86°F, the 3 port
to the proportional purge solenoid (Fig. 2) and then solenoid is briefly energized. This initializes the pump
adjusts that current to achieve the desired purge by drawing air into the pump cavity and also closes
flow. The proportional purge solenoid controls the the vent seal. During non-test test conditions, the
purge rate of fuel vapors from the vapor canister and vent seal is held open by the pump diaphragm assem-
fuel tank to the engine intake manifold. bly which pushes it open at the full travel position.
The vent seal will remain closed while the pump is
LEAK DETECTION PUMP cycling. This is due to the operation of the 3 port sole-
noid which prevents the diaphragm assembly from
DESCRIPTION reaching full travel. After the brief initialization
The leak detection pump is a device used to detect period, the solenoid is de-energized, allowing atmo-
a leak in the evaporative system. spheric pressure to enter the pump cavity. This per-
The pump contains a 3 port solenoid, a pump that mits the spring to drive the diaphragm which forces
contains a switch, a spring loaded canister vent valve air out of the pump cavity and into the vent system.
seal, 2 check valves and a spring/diaphragm. When the solenoid is energized and de-energized, the
cycle is repeated creating flow in typical diaphragm
pump fashion. The pump is controlled in 2 modes:
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 27
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
If there is no leak, the purge monitor is run. If the
cycle rate increases due to the flow through the
purge system, the test is passed and the diagnostic is
complete.
The canister vent valve will unseal the system
after completion of the test sequence as the pump
diaphragm assembly moves to the full travel position.

LEAK DETECTION PUMP PRESSURE SWITCH

OPERATION
The leak detection pump LDP assembly incorpo-
rates two primary functions: it detects a leak in the
evaporative system, and it seals the evaporative sys-
tem so that the required leak detection monitor test
can be run.
The primary components within the leak detection
pump assembly are: a three-port leak detection sole-
noid valve, a pump assembly that includes a spring
Fig. 1 EVAP Canister loaded diaphragm, a reed switch which is used to
monitor the pump diaphragm movement (position),
two check valves, and a spring loaded vent seal
valve.
The three-port LDP solenoid valve is used to
expose either engine vacuum or atmospheric pressure
to the top side of the leak detection pump diaphragm.
When the LDP solenoid valve is deenergized its
port (opening) to engine vacuum is blocked off. This
allows ambient air (atmospheric pressure) to enter
the top of the pump diaphragm. The spring load on
the diaphragm will push the diaphragm down, as
long as there is no pressure present in the rest of the
evaporative system. If there is sufficient evaporative
system pressure present, then the pump diaphragm
will stay in the “up” position. If the evaporative sys-
tem pressure decays, then the pump diaphragm will
eventually fall. The rate of this decent is dependent
upon the size of the evaporative system leak (Large
or small).
Fig. 2 Proportional Purge Solenoid When the LDP solenoid valve is energized the port
(opening) to atmosphere is blocked off. At the same
PUMP MODE: The pump is cycled at a fixed rate time, the port to engine vacuum is opened. Engine
to achieve a rapid pressure build in order to shorten vacuum replaces atmospheric pressure. When engine
the overall test time. vacuum is sufficient, it over comes the spring pres-
TEST MODE: The solenoid is energized with a sure load on the pump diaphragm and causes the
fixed duration pulse. Subsequent fixed pulses occur diaphragm to rise to its “up” position. The reed
when the diaphragm reaches the switch closure switch will change state depending upon the position
point. of the pump diaphragm.
The spring in the pump is set so that the system If the diaphragm is in the “up” position the reed
will achieve an equalized pressure of about 7.5 inches switch will be in its “open” state. This means that
of water. the 12 volt signal sense to the PCM is interrupted.
When the pump starts, the cycle rate is quite high. Zero volts is detected by the PCM. If the pump dia-
As the system becomes pressurized, pump rate drops. phragm is in the “down” position the reed switch will
If there is no leak, the pump will quit. If there is a be in its “closed” state. 12 volts is sent to the PCM
leak, the test is terminated at the end of the test via the switch sense circuit.
mode.
25 - 28 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
The check valves are one-way valves. The first • Open fused ignition switch output
check valve is used to draw outside air into the lower • Restricted, disconnected, or blocked manifold
chamber of the LDP (the space that is below the vacuum source
pump diaphragm). The second check valve is used to • Obstruction of hoses or lines
vent this outside air, which has become pressurized • PCM failure
from the fall of the pump diaphragm, into the evap-
orative system. POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV)
The spring loaded vent seal valve, inside the LDP SYSTEMS
is used to seal off the evaporative system. When the
pump diaphragm is in the “up” position the spring DESCRIPTION
pushes the vent seal valve closed. The vent seal valve
opens only when the pump diaphragm is in its “full
down” position. When the pump assembly is in its
pump mode the pump diaphragm is not allowed to
descend (fall) so far as to allow the vent seal valve to
open. This allows the leak detection pump to develop
the required pressure within the evaporative system
for system leak testing.
A pressure build up within the evaporative system
may cause pressure on the lower side of the LDP dia-
phragm. This will cause the LDP diaphragm to
remain in its “up” position (stuck in the up position).
This condition can occur even when the solenoid
valve is deenergized. This condition can be caused by
previous cycling (pumping) of the LDP by the techni-
cian (dealer test). Another way that this condition is
created is immediately following the running of the
vehicle evaporative system monitor. In this case, the
PCM has not yet opened the proportional purge sole-
noid in order to vent the pressure that has been built
up in the evaporative system to the engine combus- Fig. 3 PCV System
tion system. The technician will need to vent the OPERATION
evaporative system pressure via the vehicle fuel filler Intake manifold vacuum removes crankcase vapors
cap and its fuel filler secondary seal (if so equipped and piston blow-by from the engine. The emissions
in the fuel filler neck). This will allow the technician pass through the PCV valve into the intake manifold
to cycle the LDP and to watch switch state changes. where they become part of the calibrated air-fuel
After passing the leak detection phase of the test, mixture. They are burned and expelled with the
system pressure is maintained until the purge sys- exhaust gases. The air cleaner supplies make up air
tem is activated, in effect creating a leak. If the dia- when the engine does not have enough vapor or
phragm falls (as is expected), causing the reed switch blow-by gases. In this system, fresh air does not
to change state, then the diagnostic test is completed. enter the crankcase.
When of the evaporative system leak monitor
begins its various tests, a test is performed to deter- POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION VALVE
mine that no part of the evaporative system is
blocked. In this test, the LDP is cycled (pumped) a OPERATION
calibrated (few) number of times. Pressure should not The PCV valve contains a spring loaded plunger.
build up in the evaporative system. If pressure is The plunger meters the amount of crankcase vapors
present, then LDP diaphragm is forced to stay in its routed into the combustion chamber based on intake
“up” position. The reed switch now stays open and manifold vacuum.
the PCM senses this open (incorrect) state. The evap- When the engine is not operating or during an
orative system monitor will fail the test because of a engine backfire, the spring forces the plunger back
detected obstruction within the system. against the seat. This prevents vapors from flowing
through the valve (Fig. 4).
Possible causes:
When the engine is at idle or cruising, high mani-
• Open or shorted LDP switch sense circuit fold vacuum is present. At these times manifold vac-
• Leak Detection Pump switch failure uum is able to completely compress the spring and
PL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS 25 - 29
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

EVAP CANISTER
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect the negative battery cable.
(2) Raise vehicle and support.
(3) Disconnect the hoses from the EVAP canister
Fig. 4 Engine Off or Engine Backfire—No Vapor (Fig. 7).
Flow
pull the plunger to the top of the valve (Fig. 5). In
this position there is minimal vapor flow through the
valve.

Fig. 5 High Intake Manifold Vacuum—Minimal Vapor

Flow
During periods of moderate intake manifold vac-
uum the plunger is only pulled part way back from
the inlet. This results in maximum vapor flow
through the valve (Fig. 6). Fig. 7 EVAP Canister
(4) Remove 1 nuts from the bracket of the EVAP
canister (Fig. 8).

Fig. 6 Moderate Intake Manifold Vacuum—Maximum

Vapor Flow
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
All models have a Vehicle Emission Control Infor-
mation (VECI) Label. DaimlerChrysler permanently
attaches the label in the engine compartment. It can-
not be removed without defacing information and
destroying the label.
The label contains the vehicle’s emission specifica-
tions and vacuum hose routings. All hoses must be
connected and routed according to the label. Fig. 8 EVAP Bracket and Bracket
(5) Remove EVAP canister from bracket.
25 - 30 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS PL
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
INSTALLATION (8) Use the DRB scan tool, verify proper operation
(1) Install EVAP canister to Bracket (Fig. 8). of LDP.
(2) Install 2 nuts to EVAP canister and bracket
and tighten nuts to 6.7 N·m (60 in. lbs.). PROPORTIONAL PURGE SOLENOID VALVE
(3) Connect hoses. The solenoid attaches to a bracket near the steer-
(4) Install EVAP canister and bracket to vehicle ing gear (Fig. 9). The solenoid will not operate unless
and tighten nut 22.4 N·m (250 in. lbs.). it is installed correctly.
(5) Lower vehicle.
(6) Connect negative battery cable.

LEAK DETECTION PUMP

REMOVAL
(1) Raise and support vehicle on a hoist.
(2) Push locking tab on electrical connector to
unlock and remove connector.
(3) loosen the sway bar bracket to remove the
pump bracket.
(4) Remove pump and bracket as an assembly.
(5) Disconnect lines from LDP.
(6) Remove filter.
(7) Remove pump from bracket.

INSTALLATION
(1) Install pump to bracket and tighten bolts to 1.2
N·m (10.6 in. lbs.).
(2) Install filter and tighten to 2.8 N·m (25 in. Fig. 9 Proportional Purge Solenoid Valve
lbs.).
(3) Before installing hoses to LDP, make sure REMOVAL
they are not cracked or split. If a hose leaks, it (1) Raise vehicle and support.
will cause the Check Engine Lamp to illumi- (2) Disconnect electrical connector from solenoid.
nate. Connect lines to the LDP. (3) Disconnect vacuum tubes from solenoid.
(4) Remove solenoid from bracket.
NOTE: The LDP bracket must be between the rail
and sway bar bracket. INSTALLATION
The top of the solenoid has TOP printed on it. The
(4) Install pump and bracket assembly to body and solenoid will not operate unless it is installed cor-
tighten bolts to 5.0 N·m (45 in. lbs.). rectly.
(5) Install sway bar bracket bolt and tighten bolts (1) Install solenoid on bracket.
to 33.8 N·m (25 ft. lbs.). (2) Connect vacuum tube to solenoid.
(6) Install electrical connector to pump and push (3) Connect electrical connector to solenoid.
locking tab to lock. (4) Lower vehicle.
(7) Lower vehicle