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CHAPTER 2: Identifying and Stating A Problem Basic Questions

This document provides guidance on formulating a research problem statement and study design. It discusses identifying the key questions of what, where, when, why, who, and how. Sources of research topics are outlined, such as prevailing theories, observations, areas of interest, or existing problems. Technical and personal criteria for selecting a problem are covered, including significance, originality, and feasibility. Guidelines are given for writing a title, background, statement of problem, research questions, scope and delimitations, and significance of the study. The overall aim is to help researchers clearly define and articulate the research problem and design.

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124 views3 pages

CHAPTER 2: Identifying and Stating A Problem Basic Questions

This document provides guidance on formulating a research problem statement and study design. It discusses identifying the key questions of what, where, when, why, who, and how. Sources of research topics are outlined, such as prevailing theories, observations, areas of interest, or existing problems. Technical and personal criteria for selecting a problem are covered, including significance, originality, and feasibility. Guidelines are given for writing a title, background, statement of problem, research questions, scope and delimitations, and significance of the study. The overall aim is to help researchers clearly define and articulate the research problem and design.

Uploaded by

Kria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2: Identifying and Stating a Problem

BASIC QUESTIONS
1. WHAT- the topic of investigation and the variables included
2. WHERE- the venue or the setting of the research
3. WHEN- the time frame by which the study the population and sampling
4. WHY- the general objectives of the research
5. WHO- the subject of the study, the population and sampling
6. HOW- the methodology of the research

SOURCES OF RESEARCH TOPICS OR PROBLEMS


1. Prevailing Theories or Philosophy
2. Observation, intuitions or a combination of a both
3. Different subjects taken and from them identify a problem that interests a student-
researcher most.
4. Field of interest or specialization or event related fields
5. Existing problems in the classroom/school/campus/university which one may want to
solve are good sources of research problems.
6. Existing needs of the community or society
7. Repetition or extension of investigations already conducted or may be an offshoot of
studies underway
8. Related studies and literatures
9. Advice of authorities or experts from funding agencies
10. Offshoots of friendly conversations
11. Incidental from interesting topics of professors during the course meeting/session

SELECTING THE RESEARCH TOPIC


1. It should be something new or different from what has already been written about.
2. It must be original.
3. It should be significant to the field study or discipline.
4. It must be necessarily arouse intellectual curiosity.
5. It should be of researcher’s interest and researcher must be with the topic.
6. It should be a modest one for a beginner to be carried on within a limited period of
time.
7. It should be clear, not ambiguous.
8. It should be specific, not general.
9. It should consider the training and personal qualifications of the researcher.
10. It should consider the availability of data involved in the study and the methods and
techniques to be employed in gathering them.
11. It should consider the availability of effective instruments for gathering the data and
their treatment.
12. It should consider the financial capacity of the researcher to support the project.
13. It should consider the time factor involved in the undertaking.

BASIS ON SELECTING A PROBLEM ON RESEARCH

Technical Criteria
1. Significant to choose field/advancement of science or specialization
2. Pioneering or novel
3. Originality
4. Arouse intellectual curiosity
5. relevance to degree
6. availability or manageability of data
7. availability of instruments

Personal
1. Interest
2. Training
3. Financial Capacity
4. Time factor involved in the project

SELECTED GUIDELINES IN THE FORMULATION OF A RESEARCH TITLE


1. The title must contain the following elements:
a. the subject matter or research problem
b. the setting or locate of the study
c. the respondents of participants involved in the study
d. the time or period when the study was conducted
2. The title must be broad enough to include all aspects of the study but should be brief
and concise as possible.
3. The use of terms as ‘Analysis of”, “A Study of”, “An investigation of” and the like should
be avoided. All these are understood to have been done in a research.
4. If the title contains more than one line, it should be written in inverted pyramid.
5. When typed or encoded in the title page, all words in the title should be in capital
letters.
6. If possible, the title must not be longer than 15 substantive words.
7. Avoid long, detailed title that gives too much information.
8. To shorten the title, delete the terms assessment or evaluation if these are already
emphasized on the text.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TITLE


1. A title should give readers information about the contents of research and is preferable
to one that is vague or general.
2. Titles do not need to be stuffy or dull but they should generally give readers some idea
at the outset of what the research paper will contain.
3. Choose a title that is phrase rather than a complete sentence.
4. Select a straightforward title over other kinds.
5. Use no punctuation at the end of a title
6. Do not underline the title of research or enclose it in quotation marks, instead, use a
word processing program or printer that permits italics. Use them in place of
underlining.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY


1. Discussion of the problem in general and the scientific situations as observed and
experienced by the researcher
2. concepts and ideas related to the problem including clarification of important
terminologies; and
3. discussion of the existing or present conditions and what is aimed to be in the future or
the gap to be filled in by the research.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


Tells what is done to make the situation that exists more like what it should be.
Two main elements
-the objective
-the research questions

RESEARCH QUESTION OR INVESTIGATIVE PROBLEMS


1. The major statement or question may be followed by minor statements or questions. The
introductory statement must be the purpose/aim or the objective of the study.
2. If the goal is specifically to test a given hypothesis then state so. In many cases, the
objective will be a more general statement than that of a hypothesis.
3. Investigative questions are the specific topical questions that one must resolve to
achieve research objective or test the research hypothesis.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY


SCOPE- describes the coverage of the study and it specifies what is covered in terms of
concept, number of subjects or the population included in the study, as well as the
timeline when the study was conducted.
DELIMIT- variables that are not to be included and the boundary in terms of time frame,
number of subjects, participants or respondent who are excluded.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY


Who will benefit your finding?
Usually the beneficiaries are the experts that concern to the problem.

TIPS IN WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY


1. Refer to the statement of the problem
2. Write from general to specific

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