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Lecture6 PDF

The document outlines a lecture on wideband multipath channels. It discusses the scattering function used to statistically characterize the channel and extract parameters like delay spread and Doppler spread. Delay spread determines the coherence bandwidth, above which signals experience distortion in time and frequency from multipath. Doppler spread defines the coherence time over which the channel remains correlated.

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Oscar Llerena
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46 views8 pages

Lecture6 PDF

The document outlines a lecture on wideband multipath channels. It discusses the scattering function used to statistically characterize the channel and extract parameters like delay spread and Doppler spread. Delay spread determines the coherence bandwidth, above which signals experience distortion in time and frequency from multipath. Doppler spread defines the coherence time over which the channel remains correlated.

Uploaded by

Oscar Llerena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE359 – Lecture 6 Outline

l Announcements:
l HW due tomorrow 4pm
l Makeup lecture next Friday, Oct. 20, 10:30-11:50 in this room

l Review of Last Lecture


l Wideband Multipath Channels
l Scattering Function
l Multipath Intensity Profile
l Doppler Power Spectrum
Review of Last Lecture
l For fn~U[0,2p], rI(t),rQ(t) zero mean, WSS, with
Ar (t ) = Pr Eq [cos 2pf D t ] = Ar (t ), f D = v cosq n / l
I n n Q n

Ar ,r (t ) = Pr Eq [sin 2pf D t ] = - Ar ,r (t )
I Q n n I Q

l Uniform AoAs in Narrowband Model


l In-phase/quad comps have zero cross correlation and
fD=v/l
Ar (t ) = Ar (t ) = Pr J 0 (2pf Dt )
1

I Q
vt=d
Decorrelates over roughly half a wavelength .4l
l PSD maximum at the maximum Doppler frequency
● PSD used to generate simulation values Sr(f)

fc-fD fc fc+fD
Review Continued:
Signal Envelope Distribution
l CLT approx. leads to Rayleigh
distribution (power is exponential)
l When LOS component present,
Ricean distribution is used
To cover today
l Measurements support Nakagami
distribution in some environments
l Similar to Ricean, but models “worse
than Rayleigh”
l Lends itself better to closed form BER
expressions
Wideband Channels
l Individual multipath components resolvable
l True when time difference between
components exceeds signal bandwidth
l High-speed wireless systems are wideband for
most environments

Dt << 1 / Bu Dt >> 1 / Bu

Dt 1 Dt 2
t t
Narrowband Wideband
Scattering Function
l Typically characterize c(t,t) by its statistics,
since it is a random process
l Underlying process WSS and Gaussian, so
only characterize mean (0) and correlation
l Autocorrelation is Ac(t1,t2,Dt)=Ac(t,Dt)
l Correlation for single mp delay/time difference
l Statistical scattering function:
l Average power for given mp delay and doppler
r
s(t,r)=FDt[Ac(t,Dt)]
Easy to measure
t
Multipath Intensity Profile
Ac(t)
TM
l Defined as Ac(t,Dt=0)= Ac(t) t
l Determines average (µTm ) and rms (sTm) delay spread
l Approximates maximum delay of significant multipath
l Coherence bandwidth Bc=1/sTm
l Maximum frequency over which Ac(Df)=F[Ac(t)]>0
l Ac(Df)=0 implies signals separated in freq. by Df will be
uncorrelated after going through channel: freq. distortion
s T >> 1 / Bu Bu >> Bc Wideband signal
m
distorted in time
and in frequency
Dt 1 Dt 2 Ac(f)
t 0 Bc f
Doppler Power Spectrum
Scattering Function: s(t,r)=FDt[Ac(t,Dt)]
l Doppler Power Spectrum: Sc(r)=FDt [Ac(Df=0,Dt)≜Ac(Dt)]
Ac(Df,Dt)=Ft[Ac(t,Dt)] Sc(r)

l Power of multipath at given Doppler Bd r


l Doppler spread Bd: Max. doppler for which Sc (r)=>0.
l Coherence time Tc=1/Bd: Max time over which Ac(Dt)>0
● Ac(Dt)=0Þ signals separated in time by Dt uncorrelated after passing through channel

l Why do we look at Doppler w.r.t. Ac(Df=0,Dt)?


l Captures Doppler associated with a narrowband signal
l Autocorrelation over a narrow range of frequencies
l Fully captures time-variations, multipath angles of arrival
Main Points
l Wideband channels have resolvable multipath
l Statistically characterize c(t,t) for WSSUS model
l Scattering function characterizes rms delay and Doppler
spread. Key parameters for system design.

l Delay spread defines maximum delay of significant


multipath components. Inverse is coherence BW
l Signal distortion in time/freq. when delay spread exceeds
inverse signal BW (signal BW exceeds coherence BW)

l Doppler spread defines maximum nonzero doppler,


its inverse is coherence time
l Channel decorrelates over channel coherence time

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