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    Attachment Theory and Loss Work: Skilled Helper Course 2012

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    RebeccaCresham
    Attachment theory describes how early relationships with primary caregivers shape our models of relationships. Children develop secure, avoidant, or anxious/ambivalent attachments depending on a caregiver's responsiveness. Those with secure attachments tend to have less distress from loss as adults, while anxious/ambivalent attachments are linked to more severe and lasting grief. Attachment styles also relate to how individuals respond to loss according to other theories like the dual process model. The strange situation classification directly observes children's behaviors in separation from and reunion with their mother to assess attachment security.

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    Attachment Theory and Loss Work: Skilled Helper Course 2012

    Uploaded by

    RebeccaCresham
    30 views18 pages
    Attachment theory describes how early relationships with primary caregivers shape our models of relationships. Children develop secure, avoidant, or anxious/ambivalent attachments depending on a caregiver's responsiveness. Those with secure attachments tend to have less distress from loss as adults, while anxious/ambivalent attachments are linked to more severe and lasting grief. Attachment styles also relate to how individuals respond to loss according to other theories like the dual process model. The strange situation classification directly observes children's behaviors in separation from and reunion with their mother to assess attachment security.

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    Attachment theory describes how early relationships with primary caregivers shape our models of relationships. Children develop secure, avoidant, or anxious/ambivalent attachments depending on a caregiver's responsiveness. Those with secure attachments tend to have less distress from loss as adults, while anxious/ambivalent attachments are linked to more severe and lasting grief. Attachment styles also relate to how individuals respond to loss according to other theories like the dual process model. The strange situation classification directly observes children's behaviors in separation from and reunion with their mother to assess attachment security.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views18 pages

    Attachment Theory and Loss Work: Skilled Helper Course 2012

    Uploaded by

    RebeccaCresham
    Attachment theory describes how early relationships with primary caregivers shape our models of relationships. Children develop secure, avoidant, or anxious/ambivalent attachments depending on a caregiver's responsiveness. Those with secure attachments tend to have less distress from loss as adults, while anxious/ambivalent attachments are linked to more severe and lasting grief. Attachment styles also relate to how individuals respond to loss according to other theories like the dual process model. The strange situation classification directly observes children's behaviors in separation from and reunion with their mother to assess attachment security.

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    of 18

    Attachment Theory and Loss Work

    Skilled Helper Course


    2012
    What is attachment theory?
    What is attachment theory?

     It is about the relationships we form with primary


    care-givers in childhood that come to represent the
    ‘model for adult relationships’

     It describes how these early relationships develop


    our initial understandings of ‘how relationships work’
    and ‘what we can expect from relationships’

     It describes how a child first learns about the world


    and the effects that this learning has into adulthood
    Attachment: Individual Differences

     Attachment is not an ‘all or nothing’ process

     There may be variations between children in


    the attachments they form

     Later relationships can begin to ‘heal’ difficult


    childhood attachment experiences
    Ainsworth & Bell (1971)

     3 patterns of attachment:

     Secure

     Insecure – avoidant

     Insecure – anxious ambivalent

     [Insecure – disorganised (this was a later classification)]

     Ainsworth suggested that attachment type was


    determined by primary carer’s (mother’s) behaviour
    Primary Carer’s Behaviour
    Towards Child

    Child’s ‘Working Model’


    of Itself

    Positive & Loved Unloved & Angry &


    Rejected Confused

    Secure Avoidant Anxious/ambiv


    Ainsworth & Bell (1971)
     Secure attachment
    Associated with sensitive & responsive primary care
    Ainsworth & Bell (1971)
     Insecure –avoidant
    Associated with unresponsive primary care
    Ainsworth & Bell (1971)
     Insecure - anxious / ambivalent
    Associated with inconsistent primary care
    Main (1984)

     Insecure - disorganized / disoriented


     Associated with helpless and frightened parenting.
    Lack of confidence in primary carers.
    ATTACHMENT THEORY
    (Parkes And Utrecht Group)

     These patterns of attachment can influence:

     subsequent attachments

     the reaction when these attachments are


    interrupted by death.
    Attachment in Grief and Loss (Parkes,
    2006)

    Secure:

     Secure in attachments in adult life.

     Less distressed by bereavement than those


    who were insecurely attached.
    Attachment in Grief and Loss (Parkes,
    2006)
    Anxious/ ambivalent:

     Predisposed to cling and react with severe


    and lasting grief to loss in adult life.

     Lack confidence in their ability to cope

     Relationships tend to be conflicted


    Attachment in Grief and Loss (Parkes,
    2006)

    Avoidant:

     Attachments that are too close can be dangerous

     Distrust of others

     Compulsive self-reliance

     Inhibited expression of love and grief


    Attachment in Grief and Loss (Parkes,
    2006)

    Disorganised:

     Lack trust in themselves and others

     Turn in on themselves

     Highly anxious

     May resort to substance misuse

     At danger of self harm


    Links with other Theories

    Range of Overwhelmed Resilient Controlled


    Response to by loss response to response to loss
    loss
    Loss
    Machin (2001)
    Attachment style Anxious/ Secure Avoidant
    et al ambivalent attachment attachment
    attachment
    (1978)

    Dual Process Loss orientation Oscillation Restoration


    Model
    Stroebe & Schut
    (1999)
    Ainsworth: The Strange Situation
    Ainsworth & Bell (1971)

     Controlled observation of children’s


    attachment behaviour using the ‘Strange
    Situation Classification’ (SSC):
     Mother leaves child in unfamiliar environment
     Child is approached by stranger
     Mother returns
     Looks at separation protest, stranger anxiety and
    reunion behaviour

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