Slow Sand Filtration

Project
7 1
I RC 8 MEETING OF REPRESENTATIVES OF
SSF-PROJECT COUNTRIES

NAGPUR, INDIA-SEPTEMBER 15-19,1980

International Reference National Environmental

Centre for Community Engineering Research
Water Supply and Institute
Sanitation •

P.O. Box 5500 -l-x-:-:-:-:-: Nehru Marg,

2280 HM RIJSWIJK NAGPUR - 4 4 0 020
The Netherlands India

r
STATUS REPORT ON
SLOW SAND FILTRATION PROJECT
IN JAMAICA

prepared by: Mr. J.A. O'Connor,

Mr. B'.'L. Muir

'LIBRARY

August, 1980.
 Slow Sand Filtration
Project
MEETING OF REPRESENTATIVES OF
SSF-PROJECT COUNTRIES

NAGPUR, INDIA-SEPTEMBER 15-19,1980

International Reference National Environmental

Centre for Community Engineering Research
Water Supply and Institute
Sanitation •
I
P.O. Box 5500 Nehru Marg,
2280 HM RIJSWIJK NAGPUR-440 020
II TlM i f 11*^1 I I
The Netherlands India

STATUS REPORT ON
SLOW SAND FILTRATION PROJECT
IN JAMAICA

prepared by: Mr. J.A. O'Connor,

Mr. B^L. Muir

August, 1980.
 STATUS REPORT ON SLOW SAND FILTRATION PROJECT

JAMAICA

INTRODUCTION

Jamaica is among eight countries which have been selected to participate

in the Slow Sand Filtration (S.S.F.) Pilot Demonstration Project. This

Pilot Demonstration Project was initiated by the WHO, IRC, The Hague,

Netherlands. Two rural water supply projects were selected, for design,

construction and evaluation of full-scale Slow Sand Filters, namely:-

Peace River (in the parish of Clarendon)

Endeavour/Camrose/Kempshot (in the parish of St. James)

The project is being undertaken in conjunction with the Ministry of Health

and Environmental Control.

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the project are to evaluate and develop criteria

for promoting the use of S.S. Filtration in developing countries; and also

to determine whether such systems would be appropriately suitable to

local conditions, circumstances and needs. The study research is to

include both technical and non-technical aspects. In this connection,

much emphasis will be placed on the social, cultural and economic factors

which could influence an optimum performance of the Plants.

x Parish: comparable to a province.

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1. PROGRESS REPORT ON SELECTED COMMUNITIES

1.1 Endeavour/Camrose/Kempshot WATER SUPPLY PROJECT (ST. JAMES)

The project envisaged a supply of domestic water to the following districts

in the parish of St. James:-

a) Endeavour

b) Hopeton

c) Hampton

d) Williamsfield, Plum Tree, Salwater

e) Tathfield, Camrose, Kempshot

f) Grantham, Bellevue

g) Bandon/Welcome Hall

This area lies approximately 10 miles south of one of the major Tourist

Resort Areas of Jamaica's North Coast, Montego Bay. It is mountainous,

woody and rugged terrain, with elevations ranging from 600 feet (183 m)

to 1,800 feet (550 m) amsl. The roads leading to the area and those

within the area itself are rough. Housing in the area is generally sub-

standard, with no modern facilities available. The local population is

mainly dependent on agriculture. In general, it might be said that the

population residing in this area are from the economically poorer section

of the society. It is an area with a serious water problem where the

residents have to transport water manually and on donkeys, over long

distances. Standards of hygiene are considered to be rather low in this

area.

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2.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT PLANT (ANNEX 1-3)

The construction of the main elements of the project have been completed.

This was achieved through a contractor who was chosen by the selective

tendering process.

2.1.2 Intake Works

The intake well constructed of R.C. is located near a Blue Hole. A

diversion rubble wall was constructed across the Blue Hole. This diversion

wall diverts water towards the well. Constructed also is an earthen

embankment, which is raised around the source. This is to eliminate surface

runoff from entering the Blue Hole Source. Installed on top of the intake

well are two V.T. pumps, each of 1.5 H.P., one of which will be a standby.

2.1.3 Clear Water Reservoir

The treated water from the S.S.F. will flow by gravity to the clear water

sump which has now been completed. The capacity of the sump is 20,000

gallons and is of R.C. The water is chlorinated and pumped through the

distribution system, consisting of 4 inch diameter and 3 inch diameter

G.S. pipes. Pumping is achieved with the use of two 25 H.P. V.T. pumps

which have been installed. The treated water is pumped up to a 50,000

gallons tank, from which it is relifted to another 20,000 gallons tank

located at Kempshot. The water is distributed by gravity through a

network of G.S. pipelines.

2.1.4 Slow Sand Filters

The construction of the Slow Sand Filters is behind schedule. It should

be pointed out that the entire programme of activities were hampered due to

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severe flooding which occurred in June 1979. The Western Section of the

Island in which this study project falls, experienced its worst flooding

in recorded history. This forced the National Water Authority to shift

its priorities to the restoration of damaged water supply systems.

After consultations with the I.R.C., a total rephasing of Project programme

was agreed on. Assurances were given that priority would be given to the

implementation of the project. An engineer attached to the Western Region

was assigned to be responsible for the construction programme. The

rescheduled programme envisaged the completion and commissioning of the

Filters by the end of March, 1980.

However, there has been a noticeable downturn in the economic situation,

which has given rise to shortages of certain vital building materials,

such as steel and cement. It was not possible to reallocate these materials

from other projects, although due consideration was given to this.

Certain minor modifications have also been made, the area to be served

was increased to include two other communities, namely Bandon and Welcome

Hall. Also it was thought that since the system would initially operate

without the use of the S.S. Filters, a comparison could be made, after

the Filters were completed. Another possibility that was looked at, was

to use as a control, a project which incorporates the use of S.S.F. and

which was under construction at a project site some 25 miles away. This

project does not have the socio-economic and cultural aspects built into it.

After discussions with the WHO/ IRC a further re-scheduling of activities

has become necessary. It is now estimated that the construction period

for the Slow Sand Filters for Endeavour/Camrose/Kempshot will be of a

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four months duration and completion is expected by late December, 1980 to
early January, 1981.

It should be emphasized that it is the intention of the N.W.A. to put into

service the Water Supply System at Endeavour/Camrose/Kempshot, even before
the S.S.Fs. are completed. Again, Diesel generators are to be used to
provide the motive force for the pumps. In the meantime, the local elect-
ricity authority is actively pursuing the matter of the installation of
3-phase electricity to the site.

UNIT UNDER GONSTRUGTION % COMPLETION

Intake well 100

Diversion Rubble Wall 100
Earthen Embankment 100
Control Building 100
Clearwater Tank 100
Distribution System 100
Slow Sand Filters 0
Installation of Pump and Electrical
Equipment 60

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2.2 PEACE RIVER WATER SUPPLY PROJECT (CLARENDON)

The project was designed to supply potable water to:-

a) Victoria

b) Thompson Town

c) Bromwell

d) Garlogie

in the parish of Clarendon. These are farming communities within the

Mocho Mountain range and they lie along and west of the main road between

Four Paths and Frankfield in Clarendon. The terrain is very mountainous

with elevations varying between 1,500 feet (457 m) and 3,200 feet (975 m)

AMSL.

The major district - Thompson Town, lies along the main road and has the

activities usually associated.with a developed community, such as electricity,

schools, post office etc. The other areas are less developed than

Thompson Town and are served by parochialroads. The general standard of

living in the area could be described as being average for rural farming

communities in Jamaica.

Throughout the study area, there is a marked scarcity of health facilities

and reliable water supply systems. Most of the areas are served by public

and private rainwater catchment tanks. All the systems are therefore

dependent on rainfall and are inadequate during the dry season. Periodic

droughts also have a disastrous effect on the water supply of the entire

area.

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 A re-scheduling of activities for the Peace River Project was also done

and is as set out below:-

i) design drawings to be completed by end of September 1980;

ii) tenders to be invited and awarded by end of October 1980;

iii) construction to be completed by end of 1981.

2.2.2 DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT WORKS (ANNEX 4-7)

The source of supply is the Peace River. Water emerges from several

points on the hillside and they all converge into forming a narrow stream.

The main elements are:-

a) Intake Works

b) Raw Water Sump

c) Low Lift Pumps

d) Slow Sand Filters

e) Clearwater Reservoir Chlorination

f) High Lift Pumping from the Clearwell to the distribution system

g) Storage Facitlities.

2.2.3 Intake Works

This includes the construction of Silt Traps upstream for pre-treatment

and also the river course has been expanded to provide for a holding pond

of very short detention time. Provision is made for flood gates which will

be used to raise the level of the water by approximately 1.80m. A system

of underground pipes will transport the raw water from the intake by

gravity to a sump. The opening of these pipes are protected by the use of

aiscreenand graded stones.

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 A.

The raw water sump is presently under construction. Water will be pumped

to the S.S.F. using V.T. pumps.

2.2.3 Slow Sand Filters

The design of the S.S.F. is being undertaken by the N.W.A. A decision was

taken to delay the works on the S.S.F. for Peace River. It was felt that

the experiences to be gained on the other project being carried out at

Endeavour/Camrose/Kempshot would greatly reduce the expected associated

problems of design and construction. The designs of the S.S.Fs are now

completed except for the detailed drawings, which are now being produced.

The design calls for 4 No. Filters, approximate sizes 7.50 x 4.50 m

filters will operate for 24 hours/day with a filtration rate of between

0.15 and 0.25 m/hr.

2.2.4 Clear Water Storage

Filtered water will flow by gravity to a clear water storage tank, where

chlorination will take place. The treated water will be pumped to two

storage tanks located at Victoria. Pumping will be achieved by using two

V.T. pumps and a 6 inch diameter Ductile Iron/Asbestos Cement pipeline

to the 75,000 gallons and 100,000 gallons tanks. The storage tanks are

located at the high points on the system and this facilitates gravity

feed through the distribution system to the areas served.

2.2.5 DATA COLLECTION

Information on stream flows are available only for a period of three years.

This is considered to be quite inadequate. However, it is planned to

continue the stream gauging, which so far, has indicated that a minimum flow

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 of the order of 140 g.p.m. can be expected.

Physical, chemical and bacteriological examination of the raw water have

been carried out. The results obtained have been good, but not conclusive.

From the results there is no indication that any pre-treatment will be

necessary. However, tests are still being conducted in the NWA's

Laboratory and provisions have been made should it become necessary to

pre-treat the water before filtration.

2.2.6 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

The V.T. pumps both for low lift and high lifts are on order. A diesel

generator will provide power to drive the pumps, until the local electricity

Authority has completed the installation of a 3-phase system to the site.

It is proposed to put the system into operation even before the S.S.Fs

are completed. This is possible to achieve, due to the good quality of the

water and also with the installation of the diesel unit.

UNIT UNDER CONSTRUCTION % COMPLETION

Intake Works 100

Raw Water Sump 80

Inlet pipes from R.W.S. 25

Distribution System 100

Storage Tank 100

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OUTSTANDING WORKS TO BE COMPLETED -

i) Construction of the Clearwell

ii) Construction of the Control Building and Access Road

iii) Finalization of design drawings for the S.S.F.

iv) Procurement of Mechanical £ Electrical Equipment

SUMMARY

It is our view that the S.S.F. project is of great value to developing countries

and in particular to the Jamaican situation. The use of this type of filter for

water supplies to rural communities has many advantages, and in a world of soar-

ing oil prices, it is particularly advantageous in reducing power costs which

are associated with the more complex backwashing systems of the Rapid Gravity

Filters.

We are aware of the fact that our programme is not on schedule. However, it is

our intention to continue to participate in this Pilot Demonstration Project,

with a view to making a meaningful contribution in terms of developing criteria,

both from a technical and non-technical point of view.

Jamaica is proud to be associated with the Project and it is hoped that this

meeting will provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas, which in turn

will assist us to overcome some of our problems and ultimately to speed up the

implementation and complete the outstanding works.

It is indeed a fitting tribute to the WHO/ IRC for initiating this Pilot

Demonstration Project, and we sincerely believe that it will be a success.

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3. A DOCUMENT OF EXPERIENCES GAINED IN THE ACTUAL EXECUTION (IMPLEMENTATION)
OF THE HEALTH EDUCATION EXTENSION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMPONENT.

INTRODUCTION:

In an attempt to prepare and present this paper on the above mentioned

broad subject matter area, the author wishes to deal first with a brief
treatment of historical developments related to the Jamaica SSF Projects
from immediately after the International SSF-Conference held in The Hague
on May 29th - June 3rd, 1978 to the present time.
Emphasis will be laid on the PROBLEMS and PROGRESS and both POSITIVE and
NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES encountered in efforts at the implementation of the
ACTION PLAN.

3.1 Actions taken to inform National level Policy-makers and Administrators

about the SSF project.

On my return from the SSF- Conference, my first action, -was to

prepare the '"REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS" on the Conference and to present
it to the Permanent Secretary and Directors of the Health Education
Services and Environmental Control Division of the then Jamaican Ministry
of Health and Environmental Control, (June 1978).
This document message provided administrative, technical and professional
information needed for programme-support and necessary actions. It was
also used to influence Policy-makers and Administrators to arrive at a
positive decision to participate in the WHO/IRC SSF Research and Demon-
stration Project.
The Ministry of Health and Environmental control agreed to participate in
the Jamaican Slow Sand Filtration Project and communicated that decision
to the National Water Authority in August 1978.
However, as a result of an organizational communication problem, the Health
Education Division and myself were not informed of this decision until early
November 1978.
The Chief Medical Officer gave significant support to the project. This posi-
tive attitude provided further opportunities to inform Senior Managers
and Administrators about the SSF-project, at the Chief Medical Officers
meeting, held in December 1978.

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 Prior to the meeting circulation of the following documents was facilitated
by the C.M.O.:
- A concise report on the objectives and results of the Community Education
and Participation Conference at the Hague, May 1978.
- The Jamaican Health Education Extension and Community Participation Pro-
posals. Working Document No. 7 of the above mentioned meeting.
- Project document for Phase ii of the Jamaican Slow Sand Filtration pro-
jects, as prepared by the National Water Authority.
During the meeting tremendous support for the project was scored among many
of these Senior Administrators as evidenced by subsequent positive voluntary
feedback and actions.

3.2 Actions taken to inform Policy-makers and Administrators at local level

(Parish/Village).

In November 1978 a Central Programme Management Committee was set up. The
basic objectives of this committee were to facilitate effective coordin-
ation and general planning, implementation and evaluation etc. of the SSF-
project. One month later, in December 1978, the Outline of the Health
Education Component for the Jamaican SSF-project was completed. The ex-
ecution of the action-plan belonging to the Health Education Outline was
considerably delayed since the inactivity of the Central Project Management
Committee inhibited decisions on the implementation of crucial aspects of
this plan.

3.1.1. Peace River Water Supply Project (Clarendon)

Health Extension Education Activities were initiated and implemented

with the Parish Health Administrators of Clarendon Health Department
in March, 1979.
Group-approaches and person-to-person discussions, supported by
similar written information as in the case of the Chief Medical
Officers meeting, were applied with marked measure of success.
The Medical Health Officer and his Senior Health Officers (Nursing
and Environmental Health) were ready and willing to have the Local
Coordinating Committee set up; but here again, lack of prompt support
from the Central Programme Management Committee delayed this im-
plementation aspect for a prolonged period of time. Consequently,
implementation of Sections Bl - 12 of the Action Plan were set back.
Partly due to the fact that the project at St. James for technical

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 reasons was to have priority over Clarendon, the setting up of a
Local Coordinating Committee received less attention from the Central
Programme Management Board and as a consequence thereof, it was only
formally set up at a meeting at the Clarendon Health Department on
April 23, 1980.

3.2.2. Endeavour/Camrose/Kempshot Water Supply Project (St. James)-

The transfer of information to the responsible officers in the St.

James area was arranged in a similar way as in Clarendon. This led
to the formal installation of the local Coordinating Committee for
the St. James SSF-project on October 3, 1979. Dr. B.A. Wint M.O.
was designated as the chairman of the committee.

3.3 Baseline Health Survey.

During the Central Programme Management Committee in October 1979, a

Programme Implementation Sub-committee was set up. This sub-committee was
charged with the planning and execution of the baseline health surveys in
the two Project Villages.
The sub-committee consists of:
- Mr. Linus Reid - Research/Coordinator
- Mr. Charles Clayton - Research Assistant
- Mr. B.L. Muir - Health Education Officer.
Administrative and logistic programme support arrangements were also effected
by National Water Authority to determine and settle financial expenditures
etc. - in relation to the execution of the SSF Project. It must be stated
here that these arrangements turned out to be among significant determinants
of the acceleration of the Projects from this point in time onwards.
During various meetings within the Environmental Control Division, and with
the N.W.A. notable in-puts in the preparation of the baseline survey were
achieved in:
a. The Draft Baseline Data Gatherine Research Design for the Projects.
b. The related Draft Questionnaire; and
c. In ensuring that generally and specifically the Socio- Economic, Socio -
Cultural Demographic and Health data needed, were incorporated to ad-
equately provide the required Health Education Baseline Planning and
Evaluation data for the accepted Health Extension Education and Community
Participation Programme Components of this Project which I had the priv-
ilege of preparing.

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3.3.1 Baseline Health Survey - St. James

Starting from October 1979, weekly visits were paid to Montego Bay
and the rural project area of St. James. These visits regularly
amounted to a stay of two full days" in that Parish.
Notable achievements were:
a. Assisting in the development/completion of the Draft Research
Data - gathering Questionnaire.
b. Assisting in the selection and training of the proposed (Question-
naire) Interviewers.
c. The Pre-Testing of the Questionnaires.
d. De - briefing sessions with Interviewers involved in the Pre-
Testing Exercises..
e. Steps towards the finalisation of the revised Questionnaire to
be used in the programme by Mid - Nov. 1979.
f. Sundry logistic and related programme - support activities at
National and Local Levels.
It is worth mentioning here that two representatives of the National
Planning Agency, Dr. Pat.Anderson and Mr. Errol Lee, have provided
major in-puts in the development of the Questionnaires.
The final version of the field survey questionnaires was completed
towards the end of 1979.
In preparation for the survey orientation sessions were held for
health workers and others who were expected to carry out this survey.
After pre-testing of the questionnaires, further sessions were held.
After the final briefing sessions with the selected and trained
interviewers, the Health Education, Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural
Baseline Survey was executed and completed in February 1980.
Arrangements for the general tabulations and analyses of the Survey
findings were effected. A competent private Consultant was engaged
to effect proper Computer Processing and production of needed stat-
istical and other tabulations of the Survey results.
However, due to some delay and misinterpretation on the part of the
consultant, the comprehensive computerised data compilation and
analyses of the completed questionnaires will only be available by
the middle of August 1980.

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 3.3.2 Baseline Health Survey Clarendon

Although there had been quite some delay in the actual setting up
of the Local Coordinating Committee, once it was established, it
immediately undertook steps to discuss and make preliminary arrang-
ements for
- the selection and training of interviewers.
- the execution of the Socio-Economic and Socio-Cultural data
gathering exercise in the Clarendon Project area.
- Community meetings.
This tremendous commitment on the part of the committee did not just
happen but has been the fruits of skilful planning and directing of
programmes relating' to educational and multi-strategical organizing
in-puts.
Because of the energetic approach of the Coordinating Committee,
the completion of Baseline Survey was very quickly achieved.
After its completion in July, 1980, the questionnaires were handed
over to the data processing consultant for tabulation and further
analysis.

4. COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND PARTICIPATION

The basic programme objectives and approach did not vary significantly
within Jamaica.
The strategies included:-
4.1 The fullest possible representation of the formal health and health-related
agencies and the formal and informal leadership of the community, aimed
at and achieved in the composition of the Local Coordinating Committee.
4.2 Participation of the representatives on the Committee in the decision-
making process has been a prime feature in the development, planning and
implementation of the Village's Baseline Surveys.
4.3 Approximately 30% of the interviewers involved in the Baseline Survey were
drawn from among Community Secondary School leavers. The remainder were
from Community Health Aides and Maternity District Midwives, all of whom
received special training in Interviewing Techniques.
4.4 Information to the Community and its organizations in relation to the pro-
ject and the Baseline Surveys were transmitted with the assistance of the
Public Health Nurses and Inspectors, Community Health Aides and District
Midwives.

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4.5 The methods and media used were person to person and group-approach,
supplemented by written communication (letters) to leaders of Community
Based Organizations.
4.6 The basic objectives were :
- to inform the community about the project and associated activities
- to stimulate and heighten community awareness and interest in the
SSF Project
- to facilitate community acceptance and support for the SSF Project.
4.7 Initial evaluation FEED-BACKS in terms of community acceptance particip-
ation and support have been markedly rewarding.
Indications are that, in respect of the St. James SSF Project, the EXPECT-
ATIONS of the community for the promised water supply have been heightened;
and there appears to be signs of frustration, that it might not be a
reasonably early reality.
Consequently, the St. James Local Health Authorities recently expressed
fears and reluctance to start early planning and implementation of the
community health extension education programme, except and until there are,
visible to the community, clear signs of acceleration of construction works
for the Village Demonstration Water Supply Treatment, Storage and Distrib-
ution facilities.
Appropriate early actions by the National Water Authority to correct or
clarify this particular problem are under review (based on recent discussions)

CONCLUSION

The author has sought to briefly reflect the crucial historical developments
of the Jamaican Slow Sand Filtration Project.
If I may have succeeded in communicating quite valuable and objective inform-
ation about the Jamaican SSF Project, I would be indeed extremely happy.
In closing, however, it must be stated here that educational activities in
pursuit of our Jamaican Programme Goals (annex 8) our suggested Long Term
Programme objectives (annex 8) and our Short Term Programme objectives
(annex 9) have been receiving active attention with some perceptible degree
of success. Certain problems affecting the rapidity of the progress of our
Projects have been highlighted. Some have been wholly or partially solved.
Of what remains to be solved, particularly the completion of tabulations and
analyses of both Baseline Surveys, and the : availability of these results
for the health education programmes planning, implementation and
evaluation, we believe early solutions are forthcoming.

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Speaking for the Jamaican team in general/ it seems reasonable to say that
optimal levels of interest and committment towards completion of programme
activities remain imperative for a valuable and meaningful winding-up of
these projects.

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 ANNEX 1

ENDEAVOUR/CAMROSE/KEMPSHOT WATER SUPPLY - ST. JAMES

SALIENT FEATURES AT A GLANCE

Name of districts: Endeavour

Hopeton
Hampton
Williamsfield, Plum Tree, Salwater
Tathfield, Camrose, Kempshot
Grantham, Bellevue

Parish: St. James

Population: Present population : 2,000

Population in year 1980 : 2,376
Population in year 1990 : 2,614
Population in year 2000 : 2,875

Per Capita Supply: 20 gpcd (1980) ( 90 led)

25 gpcd (1990) ( H 5 led)
32.5 gpcd (2000) d45 lcd
)

Source of raw water: Blue Hole

Flow Sheet

1. Raw water source: Blue Hole at Endeavour;

Normal W.L. 1,096.0;
R.C.C. intake well 8 ft. dia. (2.44 m)

2. Raw water pumping: V.T. pumps - 2 Nos., (1.5 H.P. each) one
as stand-by. Duration of operation -
ultimate 24 hours.

3. Pre-treatment: Not required at present

4. Slow Sand Filtration: 2 Nos. of slow sand filters

Size 30' x 30' (9.15 x 9.15 m )
Design rate of filtration - 3 galls./
sq. ft./hour. (Subject to modification),
(0.15 m/hr)
CM
TtfL. 1703.8 POTPK-

TWLw.1537.0

Diatribution

Distribution
EL. 1118.0 r1120.8
1116.0 A - 1115.0

1110.0
1106.25 11O3#95 U1O97.O
H P L 1110.0

Source Intake 4" diet Earth Slow Sand Clear . Clear Hieh 4" d i a . Koith Hall 3" dla jiCenpsh
Bluo Uoll O.S. Embankment Filter Water Well Lift G.S. Reservoir C.S. JReoGrvo
IIolo Raw Haw Measur- 20,COO Clear Ricins/ Capacity Tiioimr/ 'Ctxpacii
Water Water ing Gala. Water Di s tribu- 50,000 Gala. Biatribuj 50f00C
Pump Main Chamber! capacity Pump tion main .tion raaiji Gallon
FLOW DIAGRAM OF ENDEAVOUR CAMROSE KEMSHOT WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
PRGTJDSED RESERVOIR No.,
 ANNEX 4.

PEACE RIVER/VICTORIA WATER SUPPLY - CLARENDON

Salient Features At a Glance

Name of District: Victoria

Thompson Town
Broomwell
Garlogie

Parish: Clarendon

Population: 1970 Population : U470

1980 Population : 4937
1990 Population : 5454
Year 2000 Popula-
tion : 6025

Source of Raw Water: River

Flow Sheet

1. Raw Water Source: Peace River

Avg. elevation 2,636 ft.

2. Raw Water Pumping: 2 No. Low Lift Diesel Pumps

190 gpm at 80' head one as
standby, ultimate 24 hour
operation.

3. Pretreatment: Not required at present

2 •)
Total surface area 3,800 ft. (350 m )
4. Slow Sand Filtration: 2
Filtration rate 3 gall./ft. /hour. (0.15 m/hr)

R.C. Tank
5. Clear Water Well: 25,000 gall, capacity.

Storage reservoir at Victoria

6. Balancing Tank: (existing) - 100,000 gall.
Elev. 2,843 ft.

7. Distribution: Victoria
Thompson Town - Gravity
feed from
Victoria Town
Tank.
 ANNEX 5.
-2-

Broomwell - Relift water from

Victoria Town
Tank.
Garlogie - Lift water from
clearwell at treatment
plant.

5. Clear Water Well: R.C.C. tank 20,000 galls, capacity.

6. Floating tank: Keith Hall reservoir - 50,000 galls, capacity.

Kempshot reservoir - 20,000 galls capacity.

7. Distribution: Water pumped into the system by gravity from

reservoir.

8. Estimated cost: J$600,000.

 IHMAI li
PEACE RIVER WATER SUPPLY

X SLOW SAND FILTERS

~ 1 1

1 1 1 1

CLEAR CONTROL
WELL BUILDING STORAGE TANKS( VICTORIA)
oo
lowWt
Pumps lOOpOOgals
6" D.I.

'DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

O/LOW L I F T PUMPS

IBUTION
TEM

THOMPSON
TOWN
! r-
•SMITHVILLE

EROOWWEl

-> VICTORl/
•f \
THOMPSON

LOARLOGIE

PEACF. RIVER WATER SUPPLY

KEY

STUDY AREA

EXISTING PIPELINE

PROPOnEO PIPELINE
 ANNEX 8

THE SUGGESTED PROGRAMME GOALS

1. To achieve the greatest possible well being of the people through social
change, greater self-reliance in the community, better (community) organ-
ization, a better deal for the poor and improved standard of living, health,
nutrition, income and leisure.
2• To improve the health status of the community by enhancing the utilization
of improved quantity and quality of potable domestic water supply, good
sanitation practices, and personal hygiene.

THE SUGGESTED ULTIMATE (LONG TERM) PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES

1. That by 1980 (or within two years from the commencement of the Slow Sand
Filtration project), the communities will have chlorinated piped supplies
of water available to them.
2. That by 1980 (or within two years from the commencement of the Slow Sand
Filtration project), the percentage of householders not served by piped
potable water, will be reduced by one-half (50%).
3. That by 1980 (or within two years from the commencement of the Slow Sand
Filtration project) 50% of the population not served by water supply scheme,
will rec'eive treated (potable) water.
 ANNEX 9

THE SUGGESTED INTERMEDIATE (SHORT TERM) OBJECTIVES

1. That the health administrators and experts concerned with the projects know,
understand, are aware, are interested in and accept the ideas and concept
of Slow Sand Filtration Health Extension Project.
2. That the team of health and health-related workers of the community organ-
izations involved, know, understand,are aware of become interested in, and
accept the ideas and concepts of the Slow Sand Filtration Health Extension
Project.
3. That the health and health-related workers of the community or organizations
be involved in the data-gathering, identification of health problems, and
participate in the planning, implementation and evaluation processes of the
project.
4. That the community organization leaders be involved in the data gathering,
identification of the health problems, and participate in the planning,
implementation and evaluation processes of the project.
5. That the communities will recognize the value of the immediate advantages
of the reduction of time and energy spent in water collection from distant
locations, by the availability and use of a more reliable and efficient water
supply system.
6. That the communities recognize the economic value to them of the utilization
of a more reliable and efficient water supply system in the development of
"kitchen gardens/vegetable gardens (as is encouraged by our National Nutrition
Education Programme, Jamaica).