Simple Present

It is used to express actions that take place at the time of the talks, that form part of a
routine and regularly repeated, actions that happen one after another, that are
scheduled, or to be made with a permanent validity.
1. Uses
The present simple is used to talk about things that happen regularly. For
example:

I have breakfast every day She plays tennis on Monday

Exception: adverbs of time go before the verb except the verb to be. When
it used to be, the verb goes before the adverb. For example:

I am always happey He is often sick

Is used to talk about general or scientific facts. For example:

The sun rises every day Lions live in Africa

a) Situations of long duration that is maintained in the present and continue in

the future. For example:
 I live in Venice They love opera

b) Actions that occur in the future at a time known or preset. Thus, we will need
an expression of time. For example:

Our AVE leaves at 10 o'clock The piano lessons start on Monday.

c) Instructions on how to use or carry out any thing.

First you fold the paper in half. You take your cash and then the credit card.

2. Forms
a) Affirmative form: In the prayers in the affirmative is maintained the same
form of the verb with all the pronouns, with the exception of he, she e it. For
example:
 Subject + verb + complement

I I work in a factory

You Work You works in a

factory

He He work in a factory

She Work She wocks in factory

It It works

We We work in a factory

you Work You wocks in a

factory

they They work in a

factory

b) Negative form: In the negative sentences we add the auxiliary verb do

followed by the particle not between the subject and the main verb, although
for he, she e it use the form does followed by the particle not.

Subjet + auxiliary + verb = examples

I I don't work in a factory.

do not / don't
You don't work in a
You
factory.

He He doesn't work in a
factory.

She doesn't work in a

She
work

does not / doesn't factory.

It It doesn't work.

We We don't work in a factory.

You don't work in a

you do not / don't
factory.

They don't work in a

they
factory.
Observation: it Is more common to use the contracted form don't y doesn't that do
not and does not.
c) Interrogative form: In the sentences interrogative, the auxiliary verb do or
does is placed at the beginning of the sentence followed by the subject of the
main verb, and in some cases adds a plug-in.
Auxiliary + subject + verb = examples

I Do I work in a factory?

Do

You Do you work in a factory?

He Does he work in a factory?

She Does she work in a factory?

Work?
Does

It Does it work?

We Do we work in a factory?

Do you Do you work in a factory?

they Do they work in a factory?

Like the verbs to be and have got, sentences, interrogative in present simple can also
have their own short answers.

ADVERD SUBJECT AUXILIARY ADVERD SUBJECT AUXILIARY

I Do I Don´t
You You
He Does He Doesn´t
Yes, She No, She
It It
We do We Don´t
You You
They They
3. Rules
a) Pronombres: I, you, we, they
a.1) For the affirmative we use the verb in its base form (read, play, live); that
is to say, without TO at home without S at the end, without ING at the end.

I sometimes read scientific articles

They visit their daughter every month

a.2) For the negative we use the auxiliary DON't + verb in base form.

I don’t read scientific articles

They don’t visit their daughter every month

a.3) For the interrogative we use the auxiliary DO

Do you read scientific articles?

(Yes, I do/ No, I don’t)

Do they visit their daughter every month?

(Yes, they do/No, they don’t)

b) Pronombres: he, she, it

To form the affirmative with these pronouns, need a plug-in. The rules of this
add-on are:

If the base form of the verb ends in O, add ES (go–goes, do–does)

If the base form of the verb ends in X, SH, CH, S, add IS (fix–fixes, wash–
washes, watch–watches kiss–kisses)

If the verb ends in y, and before the letter and there is a consonaste, we
change the y and we use IES (study–studies, cry–cries)
For all other cases we add just the S (play–plays, read–reads, sing–sings)

b.1) Oraciones de ejemplo del afirmativo:

She goes to the cinema on Saturdays

He watches his favorite TV program at night

b.2) For the negative we use the auxiliary DOESN't + base form of the verb.

She doesn’t go to the cinema on Saturdays

He doesn’t watch his favorite TV program at night

b.3) For the interrogative we use the auxiliary DOES subject base form of the
verb
 Does she go to the cinema on Saturdays?
(Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t)
Does he watch his favorite TV program at night?
(Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t)

4. Yes/no question and Wh questions

a) Yes/No Questions
These questions start with an auxiliary verb or the verb “to be” in the present
or past simple. They are called Yes/No questions because in general terms
they can be answered with a simple Yes or No. Let’s see some examples:
Did you go to the party last night? Yes, I did.
Are you ready to go? No, not yet.
Were you at the cinema when I called you? Yes, I was.
The general structure of these questions is the following:
AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENTS? or
VERB “TO BE” + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENTS?

b) Wh- Questions
These questions start with a Wh- question word (i.e. what, which, where,
when, etc.) and, as an exception, How. This type of question is also called
“Open Answer Question“, because their answer requires something different
from Yes or No. Take a look at the examples below:
Where were you when I called you? I was at the cinema.
How did you get home last night? A friend gave me a lift.
The typical structure for these questions is the following:

QUESTION WORD (Wh-) + AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB +

COMPLEMENTS? or
QUESTION WORD (Wh-) + VERB “TO BE” + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENTS?

5. Adverbs of frecuency
To make sentences more complete and rich in meaning in present simple, it is
necessary to lean on adverbs of frequency, these are used to express how often
we do an action. Notice the following line frequency of an action:
a) Ways of organizing sentences using adverbs of frequency
Adverbs are usually placed before the main verb of the sentence.
Examples:

She never smokes in front of her children

He sometimes watches TV.
He doesn’t often go to the cinema.
I usually wake up at 6:45 a. m.
My children always want to play.

b) The adverbs sometimes and usually can also be written both at the
beginning and at the end of the prayer.

Sometimes I take a bus

I take a bus sometimes.
Usually she goes to the gym
She goes to the gym usually.

c) The adverbs never and always, may not be used at the beginning or the
end of a sentence.

Never I like mice

I like mice never
Always she drinks beer
She drinks beer always