INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Philippines is one of the top producers of seaweeds in the world, and aquatic

plants next to Indonesia (FAO, 2007). Seaweeds are exported in either raw forms (fresh

or dried seaweeds) or processed forms (semi-refined chips/carrageenan and refined

carrageenan). The major importing countries of seaweeds and its natural products are

China, USA, France, Korea, Rep of South and Belgium.

Before 1970, Eucheuma locally known as "agar-agar" was found abundant in the

Philippines, particularly in the province of Tawi-Tawi, Sulu and Zamboanga City. It

became a source of livelihood among the people living in the coastal areas especially in

Region 9 and the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). However,

constant gathering/harvesting and no proper conservation and propagation, resulted to the

depletion of the seaweed resources.

Seaweed is an important component of the marine ecosystem along with the

mangrove and coral reefs and can be viewed in two perspectives, from its ecological

value as well as its economic uses. Seaweed is a source of carrageenan an important

ingredient in food other industrial application. Uses of Carrageenan gelling agent for

jellies, stabilizer for ice cream and toothpaste, thickener for catsup and sauces, beer

clarifier, binder for patties and meat, (FAO, 2007).

Knowing the impact of the shortage of supply of seaweeds, our government

conducted research studies, training programs on seaweed farming and established

seaweed Demo Farms in Luuk Bongao, Sacol Island, Zamboanga City; Tapaan Island,

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Siasi Sulu; and Simunul, Tawi-Tawi for demonstration and seaweed production. Through

that initiative, Eucheuma farming was successfully promoted in 1973 wherein production

dramatically increased, (Kalbi, Halpi H., 2002).

Seaweed farming provides an important source of livelihood to more than

hundreds of thousands of families living in the coastal areas who are directly involved in

the production as farmers or as entrepreneurs. Presently, only 6,091 ha are utilized for

production out of 15,995.8 has potential areas. The development of the potential areas

would mean an increase in production, (FAO, 2007).

One of the Barangays which planted seaweed is the Barangay Muricay where

majority of people are their livelihood and the source of the income. Thus, this study

focused on socio-economic contributions of Agar-agar Plantation at Muricay, Pagadian

City.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aimed to evaluate the socio-economic contributions of Agar-

Agar (seaweed) plantation at Muricay, Pagadian City. It specifically sought to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the socio-economic profile of the respondents?

2. How do the fishermen perceive the strategies in agar- agar plantations at

Muricar, Pagadian City?

3. What are the contributions of the Agar-agar plantations to the fishermen at

Muricay, Pagadian City?

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 4. What are the problems encountered in Agar-agar plantation among the

fishermen at Muricay, Pagadian City?

Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the socio-

economic contributions of Agar-agar plantation among fishermen at Barangay Muricay

Pagadian City. In particular, the objectives were:

1. To know the socio-economic profile of the respondents;

2. To determine how do the respondents perceive the appropriateness of the

strategies in agar-agar plantation;

3. To idenfity the contributions of Agar-agar plantation among the fishermen at

Muricay, Pagadian City; and

4. To find out the problems encountered in Agar-agar plantation among the

fishermen at Muricay, Pagadian City.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study may be useful to the respondents and researchers of the

Agar-agar plantation to continue engaging Agar- agar plantation to help them to improve

the socio- economic living not only of the said barangay but to other places whose

fishermen are cultivating the same commodity.

To the fishermen, this may help the seaweed farming to hold their motivation in

seaweed plantation to sustain their basic needs.

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 To the people of Barangay Muricay, this study may provide information

engaging Agar-agar plantation to fishermen to help them to improve the livelihood and

increase income of the fishermen in the said area.

To the future researchers, the results of this study may give them ideas through

recommendation provided for further study to be able to come up with more accurate and

reliable results.

To the students, this may serve as reference or guide to those who will have a

study related to researcher’s topic and provide to gain knowledge on socio- economic

contributions of Agar-agar plantation.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was conducted mainly to determine the socio-economic contributions

of Agar-agar plantation among the fishermen at Muricay, Pagadian City. The

respondents were limited among those farmers who were cultivating the said crop.

The findings of the study may be applicable only to the fishermen in Barangay

Muricay, Pagadian City.

Operational Definition of Terms

In order to have a vivid understanding of this study, the following terms are

operationally defined and arranged in alphabetical order.

Agal- agal is a Bisayan term of seaweed and also called guso;

Agar- Agar is the English term of seaweed;

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 Economic refers to the production, development, and management of material

wealth, as of a country, household, or business enterprise;

Eucheuma locally known as "agar-agar";

Fisherman refers to an individual who catches fish;

Income refers to the combined annual earnings of the fishermen and the other

members of his household including those earning which come from secondary sources;

Livelihood is way of earning money in order to live;

Plantation refers to an area under cultivation, or a large estate or area which

crops are raised, often by resident workers;

Seaweed a type of plants that grows in the sea;

Seaweed farming practices of planting seaweed;

Socio- economic refers to social science that studies how economic activity

affects and is shape by social process. In general, it analyzes how societies progress,

stagnate, or regress because of their local or regional economy, or the global economy.

5
 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

This chapter discusses the related literature and studies which is found out by the

researcher to have some relevance to present investigation.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the economically important red algae, which

yields carageenan, a commercially important polysaccharide. Carrageenans are used in a

variety of commercial applications as gelling, thickening, and stabilizing agents,

especially in food products such as frozen desserts, chocolate milk, cottage cheese,

whipped cream, instant products, jellies, pet foods and sauces. Besides, carrageenans are

used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics and industrial applications such as

mining. Commercial cultivation of K, alvarezii originated in Philippines in the year 1960.

(B. Johnson and G. Gopakumar, No. 208, 2011)

Seaweed farming is the top foreign exchange earner for the Philippines.

Kappaphycus, the red seaweed locally known as 'guso' or 'tambalang' constitutes 80% of

the Philippines seaweed export. In 2001, the Philippines is the third major seaweed

producer in the world, after China and Korea, Japan ranked fourth, (Hurtado, A., 2003).

Kappaphycus is sold in fresh and dried forms; however, dried seaweed has a

greater demand though fresh seaweed is highly priced in restaurants. The three main

seaweed products marketed are agar, alginate, and carrageenan. Carrageenan is used in

meat preparation and processing, dairy products and desserts, beverages and juices,

cosmetics and personal care products, petfood, air freshener gels, sauces and salad

dressings, bread, noodles, and pasta, (Hurtado, A., 2003).

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 In the Philippines carrageenan seaweeds yield most attractive market values and

there is essentially no market for agar agar seaweeds, and the major brown or red

seaweeds (kelp, wakame, nori) used for direct consumption wouldn’t grow in the warm

waters of the Philippines. The best option for seaweed farmers therefore are the

Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species. The Philippines was the first country where

carrageenan seaweeds have been successfully farmed and it was the most important

producer of carrageenan seaweeds for decades, but has been taken over by Indonesia in

2008 – according to official data –, while the processing industry is still mainly based in

the Philippines. Seaweed farmers in the Philippines therefore compete with seaweed from

Indonesia, which was produced at a lower cost. The competition has led to a drop in

Philippine farmgate seaweed prices in recent years, (Blue Economy Impact Investment

SE Asia, 2016).

Seaweed is an important component of the marine ecosystem along with the

mangrove and coral reefs and can be viewed in two perspectives, from its ecological

value as well as its economic uses.

Seaweeds contributed about 34% to the total 2008 fisheries production, with

Regions IV-B, IX and ARMM as major producers. The steady increase in production for

the past five (5) years (2004-2008) can be attributed to high market demand, better price

and good weather condition that encourage farmers to expand their areas for seaweed

culture. The Philippines is one of the top producers of seaweeds in the world, and aquatic

plants next to Indonesia (FAO 2007). Seaweeds are exported either in raw forms (fresh or

dried seaweeds) or processed forms (semi-refined chips/carrageenan and refined

7
carrageenan). The major importing countries of seaweeds and its natural products are

China, USA, France, Korea, Rep of South and Belgium, (FAO, 2007).

The Department of Agriculture, through the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic

Resources will provide strategies and interventions to help address the prevailing

problems and constraints of the seaweed industry. These interventions are aimed to

provide additional jobs, livelihood opportunities and increase income of fisherfolks,

increase production of seaweeds by ten percent from the previous year, and promote

value-added for aquaculture commodities for export. (Fisheries Policy and Economic

Division, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 2010)

Practices related factors in agar-agar plantation are the strategies of fisherman of

barangay Muricay on seaweed farming. These are the following methods:

Methods of Cultivation

Seaweed Farm

(Nemencio B. Arevalo, Tiburcio C. Donaire, Maximo A. Ricohermoso and Ronald

Simbajon, 2012)

1. Site selection

Seaweeds grow in tropical marine environments however; there are important

considerations ideal for successful seaweed farming. (Nemencio B. Arevalo, 2012)

 Accessibility to farming inputs and markets, transport facilities, security

and safety and available areas for expansion;

 With good water movement.

 Not very slow to cause silting

 Not very strong to break the plants and damage the farm structure.

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  Away from sources of fresh water like river mouth.

 Protected from strong waves

2. Farming Material requirements

Mallet

Plastic straw (hard type)

Wooden stake

Plastic straw (soft type)

Mineral bottles

Banca

3. Farming method

a. Floating method

b. Fixed off bottom method

c. Broadcast method

Floating method

Is suitable in shallow (not less than 0.75cm) to deeper areas with moderate water

current, Floating methods of culture the floating methods (raft and long lines) of culture

are used in areas where water current is weak and in protected areas where water

movement is mainly due to wave-action generated. (Nemencio B. Arevalo, Tiburcio C.

Donaire, Maximo A. Ricohermoso and Ronald Simbajon, 2012)

Fixed off-bottom

Used in shallow areas during low tides with moderate strong water current,

Construction of the support system starts with dri1ling of holes on the sub strature montht

he use of a pointed iron bar (2 inch in diameter) and a heavy bull hammer.

9
Broadcast method

is used in shallow areas with moderate to strong water current, sandy to corraline

bottom and mostly used in spinosum framing.

4. Preparations and setting up of farm

5. Seedling preparation

Seedlings of the selected species or variety are acquired from the nearest source.

Seedling should be taken from healthy and fast growing variety in the area preferably

from the young portion of the plant.

6. Care and maintenance

Seaweed need a tender loving care, regular visit is necessary to check the possible

problems before worsen.

7. Harvesting

The present practice of farmers is to harvest the whole plants and to replant the farm

with new cuttings.

8. Drying

Drying is an important post-harvest activity which affects the quality of the

product. The harvested crop is spread on drying platforms usually made of bamboo

slots, cleaned of foreign materials, such as old tie- ties, weeds, marine animals, nylon

1ines, etc., and spread uniformly under the sun to dry. This drying method has been

slightly modified recently to minimize the loss of materials and facilitate drying.

Smith (1979)

9. Sacking

As soon as the seaweeds are dried, pack them in sacks.

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 The seaweed farming contributes to fishermen are the basic needs and socio-

economic of the fishermen.

Problems that mostly encountered of fishermen in seaweed farming accordingly

to Fisheries Policy and Economic Division, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

(2010)

The problems and constraints besetting the seaweed industry are of two (2) categories as

follows:

Local

Pollution in production areas

Inadequate supply of dried seaweeds for processing leading to processors’ losses

Peace and order situation in seaweed-producing areas

Diseases affecting seaweeds (ice-ice)

Inconsistency of the quality because the fisherfolk add foreign object to gain more

weight

Global

Increasing competition in Eucheuma production with other countries such as Malaysia,

Indonesia and Africa

Ice- ice- disease is a major problem in seaweed farming. Affected pant parts

become whitish, soft and eventually disintegrate and others problems include: epiphytes

infestatation; pitting, tip darkening and silting. Fisheries Policy and Economic Division,

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (2010)

Seaweeds and Its uses

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 Seaweeds can be classified into three broad groups based on pigmentation, which

define their division in taxonomy: brown (Phaeophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), and

green (Chlorophyceae) seaweeds. Brown seaweeds are usually large, and range from the

giant kelp that is often 20 m long, to thick, leather-like seaweeds from 2-4 m long, to

smaller species 30-60 cm long. Red seaweeds are usually smaller, generally ranging from

a few centimetres to about a metre in length; however, red seaweeds are not always red:

they are sometimes purple, even brownish red, but they are still classified by botanists as

Rhodophyceae because of other characteristics. Green seaweeds are also small, with a

similar size range to the red seaweeds. Seaweed is a versatile product that can be used for

direct human consumption or processed into food additives, pet food, feeds, fertilizers,

biofuel, cosmetics, and medicines, among others, (McHugh, 2003).

Majority of the respondents used brown (Phaeophyceae) for their seaweed

farming because it suitable for their plantation. According to the fisherman, I interviewed

brown seaweed is not sensitive for the occurrence of the algae diseases.

Food

The use of seaweed as food has been driven by Japan and China for 15 centuries.

China, Japan and Korea are the most important consumers of seaweed as food, and as

nationals from these countries emigrated, they have brought this demand to other

countries, (McHugh, 2003).

Hydrocolloids

Various red and brown seaweeds are used to produce three hydrocolloids: agar,

alginate and carrageenan. Alginate, agar and carrageenan are water-soluble carbohydrates

that are used to thicken (increase the viscosity of) aqueous solutions, to form gels (jellies)

12
of varying degrees of firmness, to form water soluble films, and to stabilize some

products, such as ice cream (they inhibit the formation of large ice crystals so that the ice

cream can retain a smooth texture) (McHugh, 2003).

Fertilizers

Fertilizer uses of seaweed date back at least to the nineteenth century. Early usage

was by coastal dwellers, which collected storm-cast seaweed, usually large brown

seaweeds, and dug it into local soils. The high fibre content of the seaweed acts as a soil

conditioner and assist moisture retention while the mineral content is a useful fertilizer

and source of trace elements. The growth area in seaweed fertilizers is in the production

of liquid seaweed extracts. These can be produced in concentrated form for dilution by

the user. Several can be applied directly onto plants or they can be watered in, around the

root areas, (McHugh, 2003).

Additives

Seaweed meal, used an additive to animal feed, has been produced in Norway and

Ireland, where its production was pioneered in the 1960s. It is made from brown

seaweeds that are collected, dried and milled. Drying is usually by oil-fired furnaces, so

costs are affected by crude oil prices, (McHugh, 2003).

Cosmetics

Cosmetic products, such as creams and lotions, sometimes show on their labels

that the contents include “marine extract”, “extract of alga”, “seaweed extract” or similar.

Usually this means that one of the hydrocolloids extracted from seaweed has been added.

Alginate or carrageenan could improve the skin moisture retention properties of the

product. Pastes of seaweed, made by cold grinding or freeze crushing, are used in

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thalassotherapy, where they are applied to the person’s body and then warmed under

infrared radiation. This treatment, in conjunction with seawater hydrotherapy, is said to

provide relief for rheumatism and osteoporosis, (McHugh, 2003).

Culture Methods

The earliest seaweed farming guides in the Philippines (Juanich 1988, Trono and

Ganzon-Fortes 1989) recommend cultivation of seaweed farms on seagrass and reef flats

at approximately 1- meter depth at low tide. They recommend the cutting of seagrasses

and removal of sea urchins prior to farm construction. Seedlings are then tied to

monofilament lines and strung between mangrove stakes pounded into the substrate. This

off bottom method of cultivation is still one of the major methods used today. A newer

long line cultivation method can be used in deeper, (McHugh, 2003).

Environmental Impacts

Seaweed farming is considered relatively benign compared to other mariculture

farming practices (De Silva, 1992). Hence, the early guidebooks and current literature

pay little attention to the ecological impacts of seaweed farming on seagrass and reef flat

areas or on adjacent mangrove and coral reef ecosystems. However, potential impacts

include changes in patterns of sedimentation and water movement, erosion, and depletion

of nutrients and alteration of natural habitat prior to planting (De Silva, 1999). Farming

on top of or adjacent to coral reefs can have ecological impacts due to shading of corals,

(De Silva, 1999).

Alternative Livelihood as a Policy Option

There are many examples of the promotion of alternative livelihoods for coastal

communities and small-scale fishers, especially the introduction of various forms of

14
mariculture. There are two main objectives for the promotion of alternative livelihood.

The first is to raise the economic standard of living of fishers and coastal communities,

and the second is to reduce fishing effort. Alternative livelihood as a solution to

overfishing has been proposed for more than two decades, (De Silva, 1999).

What is PRDP?

Philippine Rural Development project

PRDP is a six-year (2014-2020) project designed to establish the government

platform for a modern, climate-smart and market-oriented agri-fishery sector.

PRDP will partner with the LGUs and the private sector in providing key

infrastructure, facilities, technology, and information that will raise incomes,

productivity, and competitiveness in the countryside.

Smith (1979) recommended alternative income sources such as seaweed farming

as one type of incentive to reduce fishing pressure as long as they are attractive enough to

reduce fulltime fishing.

Zanzibar (2002) The Bolinao Coastal Resources Management Project, Philippines

has also been promoting seaweed farming as a sustainable livelihood that provides cash

security to families. One of the objectives of this program is to develop sustainable

livelihoods (e.g. seaweed farming) which can directly alleviate harvest pressure on living

coastal resources.

For instance, the Indonesia COREMAP project, supported by several

development banks and bilateral donors is experimenting with the introduction of

seaweed farming as an alternative livelihood in several sites such as Sungai Pisang

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(COREMAP 2002). In another example, a specialist working with the USAID-funded

GEM program in Mindanao, Philippines stated,

“Seaweed farming helps protect our remaining coastal resources by building up

other marine life and providing alternative livelihood for coastal fishermen, who might

have otherwise have resorted to cyanide and dynamite fishing.” (Alferdo Isidro, as quoted

in the Sun Star Manila, Feb 25, 2000.)

Job Satisfaction in Fisheries

Smith (1979) described job mobility and willingness to change occupations as

important considerations in the design of policies to reduce fishing effort.

Pollnac et al. (2001) studied job satisfaction in three Southeast Asian fisheries.

The research conducted among small-scale fishers in the Philippines, Indonesia and

Vietnam, indicated that most fishers would not leave fishing for an alternative

occupation. Many fishers cited income as the reason. This study tends to discount a

common policy assumption that fishers are poor and therefore willing to switch to other

more economically lucrative occupations.

Crawford et al. (1999a) described significant variability of incomes among fishers

in Indonesia as well as variability relative to other sectors. This also suggests that fishers

are not always the poorest of the poor and therefore a potential reason for unwillingness

to leave the fishery.

Allison (2001) suggested that entry and exit into a fishery is related to income

levels of fishers relative to other sectors. However, in an East Africa lake fishery, Ikiara

16
and Odink (2000) concluded that fishers remain in their occupation not because it is less

profitable than other sectors, but due to a lack of alternatives.

Related Studies

Studies on Fishermen-related Factors Associated

with the Socio-economic Contributions of Agar-agar plantation

Age. Castro (1998) revealed that the younger the farmer the more likely she/he will adopt

innovation. The reason for this behavior is to certainly make not risk to the older farmer.

In addition, the younger are more adoptive than older farmers which mean she/he much

understand well the situation.

Educational Attainment. Dela Cruz (1997) revealed that education enhance the ability

of the farmer to become aware on successful farming practices.

Farm Size. Delgado (1999) those who possess larger farms tend to adopt new technology

than farmers with smaller farms. The use of new technology will be incorporated into

current production practices.

Gender. Murphy (2014) labor turns out to be one of the most significant challenges.

There is the fact that women may be able to fully participate in agriculture education due

to other obligations, like childcare, they are responsible for caring children. A task that

becomes harder when also in charge of the family farm.

Household Size. Nolte (2010) the purpose of determining the size structure was

assessing the responsibility of the respondents and also the size of the family labor. Olusi

(2001) has also explained that while a large family can constraint the drive towards the

adoption of the technologies because of the safety first tendency to provide towards for

17
their families, small farmers can constraint labor input and drive toward adoption of

technologies.

Land Tenure. Delgado (1999) stressed that the owner are more prone to make decision

to adopt a new technology, while non-owner often obtain permission from the their

landlord before using a new innovation.

Source of Information. According to Villamor (2002), mass media such as internet,

television or radio were considered as effective ways to generate awareness of the

innovation.

Studied on Socio-economic contribution of Agar-agar

Plantation Practices Related Factors

18
 Conceptual Framework

The researcher gathered information on socio-economic contributions of agar-

agar plantation through internet sources, books and asserted documentation on related

topic on socio-economic on agar- agar plantation. Considered the related studies on

socio-economic contributions of agar-agar plantation where the fishermen of Muricay

practice the factor on seaweed farming. Considered also the fishermen-related factors, the

age of every fisherman because the younger the fishermen the more likely she/he adopt

the innovation. The educational attainment of fishermen in Muricay because stated that if

the farmer has average or has a more knowledge on his work would be a possibility to

make his work more productive. And also the farm size, household size, land tenure and

lastly the source of information. They must be considered the fishermen-related factors to

aim the improvement and development of their livelihood.

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 Research Paradigm

Independent Variables Dependent

Variables

Fishermen-Related
Factors
 Age

 Civil Status

 Educational

attainment

 Ethnic Tribes
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
 Farm size CONTRIBUTION OF
AGAR-AGAR
 Gender PLANTATION

 Household size

 Land tenure
Agar-Agar Plantation
 Source of
Practices – Related
Factorsinformation
 Appropriateness

of strategies

 Benefits

 Problems

Figure 1. Research Paradigm Showing the Independent Variables and Dependent

Variables of the Study

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 METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

The officially accepted origin of the city’s name are words taken from the Iranun

dialect, “pagad” (wait) and “padian” (market), indicating that Pagadian had been a

trading area in the past. Other theories suggest that it was named after a bird that the

native inhabitants call “gagadian” or that the city’s name came from the word

“pangadyi” (prayer), later to be known as “Pangadyian” (a place to pray or the land of

prayers).

The first inhabitants of the city are the Subanon tribe along its riverbanks and

eventually, Muslims settled the coastal areas which is now the communities of Muricay,

Tawagan Sur and was named “Talpokan” meaning a place with abundant springs.

The city name was said to derive from “Pangadye-an” meaning a place to be

prayed for since a large number of settlers at that time died of malaria. Another version of

the name says that a group of people arrived at an unknown place of the Zamboanga and

was able to reach the royal place of Datu Macaumbang where natives met them. The

visitors asked the natives about the name of the place; however, they were also looking at

a flock of birds then and said “Gagadian”. The natives thought the strangers were asking

them about the name of the birds, thus they also responded “Gagadian”.

Pagadian is first known as a Sitio of Margosatubig. However, the municipal of

Labangan, Pagadian was created and the sitio became one its barrios. Then in 1934,

Director Teofisto Guingona, Sr. was commissioned to find out the possibility of

21
transferring the seat of government of the Labangan municipality to another place. A

Conference was called together with the Datus and the proposed transfer of Labangan

Government to Pagadian was largely opposed by the Christian group. Later on the

designated committee led by Datu Balimbingan and with the consent of Datu

Macaumbang surveyed the western part of “PAGADIAN” and found “TOLPOKAN” as

the final place for the transfer of Labangan Government. At the same time, Datu

Macaumbang donated two hundred sixty hectares of land to Christians who were willing

to transfer to Pagadian. With this recommendation on March 23, 1937 by virtue of

Executive Order no. 77 of the late President Manuel L. Quezon created the Pagadian

municipality. Then on June 6, 1952 by virtue of Republic Act No. 711, Zamboanga was

divided into into two provinces: Zamboanga Del Sur and Zamboanga Del Norte. It was

on September 17, 1952 when the Province of Zamboanga del Sur was formally approved

and Pagadian became its capital town. Pagadian became a chartered city on June 21, 1969

by virtue of Republic Act No. 5478.

Baranagay Muricay is one of 54 barangays of Pagadian City. Where, the

respondents are living peacefully.

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 Figure 2. The Map of Pagadian City

The Respondent

The respondents involved in the study were limited to the forty-five (45)

fishermen who were cultivating agar- agar at Barangay Muricay, Pagadian City in 2018.

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive type of research which attempted to determine

the result on the socio-economic contributions of agar-agar plantation.

Descriptive method was used to describe characteristics of a population or

phenomenon being studied (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). It was used for

frequencies, average, and other statistical calculation. Also, it was used to describe the

profiles of the respondents such as their names, ages, genders, farm size, educational

attainments, the household sizes, and land tenure. This method was also employed to

23
describe the practices – related factors of agar-agar plantation in Barangay Muricay,

Pagadian City.

Sampling Procedure

The study employed total enumeration since there were few fishermen at

Barangay Muricay Pagadian City who were planting agar–agar. As stated above, there

were forty-five (45) farmers who involved as respondents of the study.

Research Instrument

This study used semi-structured questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was

composed of three (3) main parts: Parts I. The Socio-economic profiles of the

respondents; Part II. The strategies in Agar-agar Plantation; and Part III. Encountered

problems by the fishermen.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to the conduct of this study, a letter prepared by the researcher was signed

by the thesis adviser which secured permission from the Barangay Chairman to allow the

conduct of survey and gather data at the said barangay. After the approval of the letter of

permission, the researcher started gathering the data. Fishermen were assisted by the

24
researcher in answering the tool to make sure that all clarifications were immediately

answered. Survey questionnaires were then collected and data were tabulated, analyzed,

and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment

In tabulating, analyzing and interpreting the gathered data, the following

statistical tools were used:

1. Percentage and Frequency were used to determine the number of respondents

answering particular items in the questionnaire. It was also utilized in determining

the contribution of agar-agar plantation related factors. Using the formula:

𝒇
Percentage (%) = 𝒏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎

Where: P = Percentage

F = Frequency response

N = Total number of respondents

100 Constant

2. Weighted Mean was used to measure the Agar- agar- related factors. Using the

formula:

X = ∑(𝐟𝐱𝐢) /N

Where X = Weighted mean

f = Frequency

i = Score point

N = Total number of respondents

25
 ∑ = Summation

3. Likert Scale were used to interpret the resulted average weighted mean with the

following scale and adjectival meaning:

Scale Adjectival Meaning Verbal Interpretation

4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree Highly Positive
3.51-4.50 Agree Positive
2.51-3.50 Undecided Neutral
1.51-2.50 Disagree Negative
1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree Highly Negative

26
 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION

This chapter presents and discusses the results of the study. The presentation,

analyses, and interpretation of the data are illustrated with tables and explained in the

same order as they were presented in the statement of the problem.

Part I shows the result on socio-economic profile of the respondents in term of

gender, civil status, ethnic tribe, educational attainment, age, members of family, area of

agar- agar household monthly net income, Part II shows the results on appropriateness of

strategies and benefits of agar- agar plantation. Part III shows the result on encountered

problems by the fisherman on their agar-agar plantation.

Part I. Fisherman’s -Related Factors

Age

Table 1 shows that less than one half (40%) of the respondents aged 20-30 years

old. While more than one fourth (27%) aged 31-40 years old and less than one fourth

(22%) of them are 41-50.

The data imply that majority of the respondents are aged 31-40 years old.

*Supporting details

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Age

Age Frequency Percentage

20-30 years old 18 40

27
 31-40 years old 12 27

41-50 years old 10 22

51-above years old 5 11

Total 45 100

Civil Status

Table 2 shows that more than two thirds (69%) are married.

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 6 13
Married 31 69
Separated 4 9
Widow 4 9
Total 45 100

Educational Attainment

Table 3 shows that more than one half (53%) of the respondents attained

incomplete elementary level while more than one sixth (18%) attained elementary

graduate and incomplete secondary level.

This data imply that majority of the respondents have attained incomplete

elementary level. According to (Serban, 2012), education is important both the present

and the future, giving individuals the knowledge, abilities, skills to participate effectively

in society life, to expand the actual knowledge, to successfully active, integrate and

reintegrate on the labor market.

28
Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Educational
Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

Incomplete Elementary Level 24 53

Elementary Graduate 8 18
Incomplete Secondary Level 8 18
Secondary Graduate 3 7
Incomplete Tertiary Level 2 4
Total 45 100

Ethnic Tribe

Table 4 shows that less than one fifth (47%) of the respondent’s tribe are Iranun;

more than one eight (22%) are Meranao tribe; more than one sixth (18%) are

Maguindanaon tribe and one eight (13%) are Christian or Bisaya tribe.

This data imply that majority living in Barangay Muricay Pagadian, City are

Iranun tribe.

Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Ethnic Tribe

Ethnic Tribe Frequency Percentage

Meranao 10 22
Iranun 21 47
Maguindanaon 8 18
Christian/Bisaya 6 13
Total 45 100

Area of Agar-agar

29
 Table 5 shows more than one third (38%) of the respondents have an area of 101-

120 meters while one fifth (20%) an area of 80-100 meters.

The data imply majority of the respondents planted of agar-agar with an area of

101-120 meters. *Supporting details here

Table 5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Agar-agar Area

Agar-agar Area(meter) Frequency Percentage

80-100 meter 9 20

101-120 meter 17 38

121-150 meter 6 1

151-200 meter 7 16

201-250 meter 3 7

251 meter-above 3 7

Total 45 100

Gender

Table 6 shows that more than three fourth (89%) of the respondents are male.

While less than one eight (11%) are female.

This means that majority of the respondents gender are male. According to

(Murphy, 2014), the fact that women may not be able to fully participate in working like

fisherman or farming due to other obligation like child care, they are responsible for

caring for children. A task that becomes harder when also in charge of the family farm

Table 6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

30
 Male 40 89

Female 5 11

Total 45 100

Monthly Net Income

Table 7 shows that almost one half (49%) of the respondents earn a monthly

income of Php 5,000 and below while less than one half (40%) earn Php 5,001 to Php

10,000.

This means that majority of the respondents’ average monthly net income is lower

than Php 5,000 and below. It further implies that the respondents are belonging to mile

poor in rural areas. *Supporting details here

Table 7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Monthly Income

Monthly Income Frequency Percentage
5,000php and below 22 49

5,001php-10,000php 18 40

10,001php-15,000php 5 11

Total 45 100

Members of the Family

Table 8 shows one-third (33%) of the respondents have household sizes with 2 to

3 family members. More than one fourth (27%) of the respondents have 4 to 5 family

members.

This means that most of the respondents have 2 to 3 household sizes. It implies

that most of the respondents’ composed of a big family and that requires basic needs to

31
support with. Dapaah (2009) explained that while a large family cans constraints the

drive toward the adoption of technology because of safety first tendency to provide

toward for their families but small farmers can constraints labor input and drive toward

adoption.

Table 8. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Members of the

Family
Members of the Family Frequency Percentage
2-3 15 33

4-5 12 27

6-10 9 20

11-15 9 20

Total 45 100

Part II. Agar-agar Plantation-Related Factors

Appropriateness of Strategies

Table 9 shows that the respondents strongly agree that the agar-agar plantation is

fastest growing species (AWM =4.87); regular visits in agar- agar plantation is necessary

(AWM= 4.73); fishermen used manual method for planting (AWM=4.67); agar-agar is

easy to find (AWM=4.22) and planting of agar-agar is longer necessary (AWM=4.22).

The data reveals that the respondents at Barangay Muricay agree (AWM=4.35)

about the appropriateness of strategies on agar-agar plantation. The findings further imply

that the respondents have positive perception on the said strategies.

Table 9. Average Weighted Mean, Adjectival Meaning, Attitude Scale and Rank
Analysis on the Appropriateness of Strategies on Agar-agar Plantation

32
 Appropriateness of AWM Adjectival Attitude Rank
Strategies Meaning Scale Analysis
Agar-agar is easy to find 4.22 Agree Positive 4

Fastest growing species 4.87 Strongly Highly 1

Agree Positive
Use fertilizer to control 4.04 Agree Positive 5
disease
Plating of agar-agar is longer 4.22 Agree Positive 4
necessary
Manual method for planting 4.67 Strongly Highly 3
Agree Positive
Protected from strong waves 3.67 Agree Positive 6
Regular visits in seaweed 4.73 Strongly Highly 2
farming is necessary
Agree Positive
Over-all Average 4.35 Agree Positive
Weighted Mean
Legend:
Weighted Range Adjectival Attitude Scale
Meaning
4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree Highly Positive
3.51-4.50 Agree Positive
2.51-3.50 Undecided Neutral
1.51-2.50 Disagree Negative
1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree Highly Negative

Benefits of Agar-agar Farming

Table 10 shows that the respondents strongly agree on the following are benefits

of agar-agar farming: increase family income (AWM=4.80) and can cure goiter

(AWM=4.71).

While the respondents agree on the following benefits: valuable nutritious and

healthy seafood (AWM=4.44), agar- agar used for fertilizer (AWM=4.10), agar-agar used

33
for cosmetics, fertilizer and others (AWM=4.04), and agar-agar used in additives to

animal feeds (AWM=3.91).

The data reveals that the respondents at Barangay Muricay agree on the benefits

provided by the agar-agar farming. The findings further imply that they have a positive

perception on the benefits of agar-agar farming.

Table 10. Average Weighted Mean, Adjectival Meaning, Attitude Scale and Rank
Analysis on the Benefits of Agar-agar Farming

Benefits AWM Adjectival Attitude Rank

Meaning Scale Analysis
No Labour requirements 3.22 Undecided Neutral 8

Increase family income 4.80 Strongly Highly 1

Agree Positive
Its can cure goiter 4.71 Strongly Highly 2

Agree Positive

Agar-agar used for cosmetics, 4.04 Agree Positive 5

fertilizer and others

Valuable nutritious and 4.44 Agree Positive 3

healthy seafood

Agar- agar used for fertilizer 4.10 Agree Positive 4

Agar-agar is an important 3.00 Undecided Neutral 9

component of marine

ecosystem

Agar-agar used in additives to 3.91 Agree Positive 6

animal feeds

34
Agar- agar acts as conditioner 3.73 Agree Positive 7

and assist moisture retention

Over-all Average 3.99 Agree Positive

Weighted Mean
Legend:
Weighted Range Adjectival Meaning Attitude Scale

4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree Highly Positive

3.51-4.50 Agree Positive

2.51-3.50 Undecided Neutral

1.51-2.50 Disagree Negative

1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree Highly Negative

Part III. Problems Encountered in Agar-agar Farming

Table 11 shows that the respondents encountered problems on the agar-agar

plantation such as: easily damaged during typhoon (100%), inexpensive during harvest

time (100%), inadequate supply of agar-agar (100%); bleaching diseases affecting agar-

agar (100%), high price of farming materials (100%), lack of proper knowledge on

fertilizer used (100%), and occurrence of algae diseases (100%).

Table 11. Frequency and Percentage Distribution on Respondent’s Problems

Encountered

Problems encountered Frequency* Percentage

Easily damaged during typhoon 45 100

Affordable during harvesting time 45 100

Inadequate supply of agar-agar 45 100

35
Bleaching diseases affecting agar-agar 45 100

No owned banca 16 36

There is no specific area 44 98

High price of farming materials 45 100

Improper knowledge on fertilizer used 45 100

Physical appearance of algae diseases 45 100

*Multiple Responses

36
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendation

regarding the Socio-Economic Contributions of Agar-agar Plantation among fishermen at

Barangay Muricay Pagadian City.

This study aimed to evaluate the socio-economic contributions of Agar- Agar

(seaweed) plantation at Barangay Muricay Pagadian City. It specifically sought to answer

the following questions: What is the socio-economic profile of the respondents? How do

the respondents perceive the strategies in agar- agar plantations? What are the

contributions of the Agar-agar plantations to the respondents? What are the problems

encountered of Agar-agar plantation to the fishermen at Barangay Muricay Pagadian

City?

The study employed total enumeration in identifying its number of respondents

which included forty-five (45) fishermen. A semi-structured questionnaire was made in

gathering the primary data. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Likert scale were

used in tabulating, analyzing, and interpreting data.

Summary of Findings

Based on the findings of the study, the respondents are male and female, aged 31-

40 years old, married, and are Iranun. The respondents attained incomplete elementary

level with family members of 2-3 who have an area for agar-agar plantation that is 101-

120 meters. Their average monthly net incomes is Php 5,000 and below.

37
 In terms of the appropriateness of strategies, the respondents strongly agree that

the agar-agar plantation is fastest growing species (AWM =4.87); regular visits in agar-

agar plantation is necessary (AWM= 4.73); fishermen used manual method for planting

(AWM=4.67); agar-agar is easy to find (AWM=4.22) and planting of agar-agar is longer

necessary (AWM=4.22).

With regards to the benefits of agar-agar farming, the respondents strongly agree

that it increase family income (AWM=4.80) and can cure goiter (AWM=4.71). While

they agree on the following benefits: valuable nutritious and healthy seafood

(AWM=4.44), agar- agar used for fertilizer (AWM=4.10), agar-agar used for cosmetics,

fertilizer and others (AWM=4.04), and agar-agar used in additives to animal feeds

(AWM=3.91).

The respondents encountered problems on the agar-agar plantation such as: easily

damaged during typhoon (100%), inexpensive during harvest time (100%), inadequate

supply of agar-agar (100%); bleaching diseases affecting agar-agar (100%), high price of

farming materials (100%), lack of proper knowledge on fertilizer used (100%), and

occurrence of algae diseases (100%).

Conclusions

Based on the objectives and findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The fishermen at Muricay, Pagadian City are males and females, aged 31-40 years

old, married, Iranun and attained incomplete elementary level with family

members of 2-3; they have an area of 101-120 meters for agar-agar farming with

monthly net income of Php 5,000 and below;

38
 2. The Muricay fishermen, in terms of the appropriateness of strategies on agar-agar

plantation, agree that it is the fastest growing species, manual method for planting

is and regular visits of the plantation is necessary;

3. The Muricay farmers at Pagadian City agree with the benefits of agar-agar

farming where they strongly agree that it increase family income and can cure

goiter. While they agree on the following benefits: valuable nutritious and healthy

seafood, agar- agar used for fertilizer, agar-agar used for cosmetics, fertilizer and

others, and agar-agar used in additives to animal feeds; and

4. The farmers at Muricay, Pagadian City encountered problems on the agar-agar

plantation such as: easily damaged during typhoon, inexpensive during harvest

time, inadequate supply of agar-agar, bleaching diseases affecting agar-agar, high

price of farming materials, lack of proper knowledge on fertilizer used, and

occurrence of algae diseases.

Recommendations

In the light of the findings of the study, the researcher recommends the following:

1. The government should conduct programs, seminars and/ or workshops on

appropriateness of strategies on agar-agar farming. This could help widen

knowledge on seaweed farming activities;

2. The government should establish a fair price for agar-agar to make it practical for

the fishermen since the price of the materials for farming is high;

3. The government should strengthen the implementation of agar-agar farming

among the fishermen;

39
4. The Department of Agriculture (DA) and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic

Resources (BFAR) should make sure that the officials of this program will

acquire knowledge and understanding on agar-agar farming; and

5. Further study is recommended to help the fisherfolks who are engaged in the said

crops.

40
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Book

Hurtado, Anicia O. (2000). The farming of the Seaweed Kappaphycus/- Aquaculture

Department, SEAFDEC, ; Tigbauan, ILo-Ilo; Philippines.;- 26p

McHugh, Dennis J. (2003). A Guide to the Seaweed Industry/-2003-FAO,; Rome x

105p,.

Philippine seaweeds: Abstracted Bibliograpphy/1991- International Development

Research Center.; Quezon City: Seaweed Information Center, Marine Science
Institute, UP, Canada:- 64p.

Timbol, Amadaeo S. (2013). A report on the Seaweeds with economic value in Batan,
Sabtang and Camiguin Islands and note on their civilization- Mindanao State
University.; Marawi City-49 number.

Trono, Gavino Jr.(1989). Ang Langlinag ng Eucheuma(Eucheuma Farming)-

Seaweed Information Center [SICEN], UPMI,;Diliman, Quezon City: - 57p.

PCARRD (1986). State of the art and abstract bibliography of seaweed research/ -
PCARRD,; Los Banos, Laguna:- 80 pages.

B. Undergraduate Thesis

Tenes, Charity J. (2010). Trace Metal and Proximate analysis kappapphycus

alvarezii seaweed from Barangay Mukas, Kolambugan, Lanao Del Norte
Mindanao State University.; Marawi City; xi,47 leaves.

Labor, Dyne D. (2009). Isolation, partial characterization and Bio-essay of Auxins

from seaweed Turbinaria ornata- Mindanao State University; Marawi City:
xiii,75 leaves.

Bantillo, Jemarie F. (2015). Seaweed commodity System Study- Mindanao State

University,; Marawi City: -x, 79 leaves.

C. Internet

"Seaweed." Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation,

2008.

41
 APPENDICES A
Letter to the Authority
Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Marawi City

October 30, 2018

HON. ABDUL MOHAIMEN G. EVER

Barangay Chairman
Purok Iranun Village, Brgy. Muricay
Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur

Sir,

Assalamu alaykom warrahmatullahi wabarakatoho!

The undersigned is taking up Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education at

Mindanao State University, Marawi City.

I am conducting a study entitled “Socio-economic contributions of agar-agar

plantation among fishermen at Barangay Muricay Pagadian City”, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the course Ag Ed 199 (Undergraduate Thesis) in
completion to the degree in Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education.

In line with this, I would like to ask permission from your good office to allow me
to conduct my survey among your senior high school students as respondents of my
study. Thank you very much for your kindness and cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

JUNAILA S. BAUDI
Researcher
Noted:

MS. SITTIE SAHAYA S. SAMPORNA

Adviser

Approved:

HON. ABDUL MOHAIMEN G. EVER

Barangay Chairman

42
 APPENDICES B
Letter to the Respondents

Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Marawi City

Date: ___________________

Dear Respondents,

Assalamu alaykom warrahmatullahi wabarakatoho!

The undersigned is taking up Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education at

Mindanao State University, Marawi City.

I am conducting a study entitled “Socio-economic contributions of agar-agar

plantation among fishermen at Barangay Muricay Pagadian City”, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the course Ag Ed 199 (Undergraduate Thesis) in
completion to the degree in Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education.

In this connection, I would appreciate it much if you can help me and cooperate in
answering the attached survey questionnaire. Rest assured that all responses will be
treated confidentially.

Thank you very much for your support and cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

JUNAILA S. BAUDI
Researcher

Noted:

MS. SITTIE SAHAYA S. SAMPORNA

Adviser

43
 APPENDIX C

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGAR-AGAR PLANTATION

AMONG FSHERMEN AT BARANGAY MURICAY PAGADIAN CITY

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

General Instruction: Kindly answer the following by writing information required on the
space provided or checked () the space of your choice. Please do not leave any item
unanswered.

PART I. SOCIO-ECONOMIC-RELATED FACTORS

Name (optional) __________________________________________________________

Age
 20-30  40-50
 30-40  50- Above

Civil Status
 Single  Separated
 Married  Widow

Ethnic Tribe
 Meranao  Christian/Bisaya
 Iranun  Others ________
 Maguindanaon
Educational Attainment
 Elementary Level  Secondary Graduate
 Elementary Graduate  Tertiary Level
 Secondary Level  Tertiary Graduate

Area of agar-agar
 100-120 meter  201-250 meter
 121-150 meter  250 meter-above
 151-200 meter
Gender:
 Male  Female

Members of Family
 2-3  4-5
 6-10  11-15

Household Monthly Net Income

 Below to Ᵽ5,000.00  Ᵽ10,000.00 to Ᵽ15,000.00
 Ᵽ5,000.00 to Ᵽ10,000.00  Others, please specify __________

44
PART II. AGAR-AGAR PLANTATION-RELATED FACTORS
5- Strongly Agree
4-Agree
3- Undecided
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
A. Appropriateness of strategies

5 4 3 2 1
1. Agar-agar is easy to find     
2. Fastest growing species     
3. Use fertilizer to control diseases     
4. Planting of agar-agar is longer necessary     
5. Manual method for planting     
6. Protected from strong waves     
7. Regular visits in seaweed farming is necessary     

B. Benefits

5 4 3 2 1
1. No labour requirements     
2. Increase family income     
3. Its can cure goiter     
4. Agar-agar used for cosmetics, fertilizer and others    
5. Valuable nutritious and healthy seafood     
6. Agar-agar used for fertilizer     
7. Agar-agar is an important component of marine ecosystem   
8. Agar-agar used in additives to animal feeds     
9. Agar-agar acts as conditioner and assists moisture retention    

PART III. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE FISHERMEN

Direction: Check () as many problems you encountered

 1. Easily damaged during typhoon

 2. Less expensive during harvesting time
 3. Inadequate supply of seaweed
 4. Bleaching diseases affecting seaweed
 5. No owned banca
 6. There is no specific area
 7. High Price of farming materials
 8. Proper knowledge on fertilizer used
 9. Encountered of occurrence of algae diseases
 10. Others; please specify:____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Thank You!

45
 Appendix D

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information

Name : Junaila Samad Baudi

Sex : Female

Age : 22

Birthday : February 03, 1997

Place of Birth : Barangay Muricay, Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Islam

Home Address : Barangay Muricay, Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur

Contact Number : 0910-151-0678

Email Address : [email protected]

Father : Nasroden Khalifa Baudi

Mother Lilang Samad Baudi
Siblings

46
 Sisters : Junaliza Samad Baudi
Juhana Samad Baudi
Junaina Samad Baudi

Brothers :
Jalani Samad Baudi
Jafar Datumanong Baudi
Jamer Datumanong Baudi
Educational Background

Tertiary : Mindanao State University

Marawi City, Lanao del Sur
Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Education

Secondary : Tawagan Sur National High School

Tawagan Sur, Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur

Elementary : Muricay Elementary School

Barangay Muricay Pagadian City, Zamboanga Del Sur

Work Experience :In In –Campus Practice Teaching

College of Agriculture, MSU

Marawi City

Seminars and Workshops Attended

47
“National Certificate III in Agricultural Crops Production”
LIPCFI, Marawi City Lanao del Sur
June 27, 2018- June 26, 2023

Lecture on the topic with the theme: “Curriculum Development: A Review of Concepts
and Principles”
Academic Complex, College of Law, MSU-main Campus, Marawi City
April 20, 2018

“3rd National Conference on Language, Kultura and Integration of Technology”

CHARM Pavilion, MSU-Main Campus, Marawi City
March 24-25,2018

Poetry Concert “Tadman Sa Marawi” of the “3rd National Conference on Language,

Kultura and Integration of Technology”
CHARM Pavilion, MSU-Main Campus, Marawi City
March 24-25, 2018

3rd Marawi Teacher Education Institutions’ (TEIs’) Student Congress 2018 on the
theme: “Restructuring the Teacher Education Curriculum towards Quality Assurance
and Global Competitiveness”
Dimaporo Gymnasium, MSU-main campus, Marawi City
March 09-10, 2018

“Seminar-workshop on Agricultural Researches & Entrepreneurship for Sustainable

Development”
AVR, College of Agriculture, MSU-Main Campus, Marawi City
May 15, 2017

Adult Education Workshop with the theme: “Fundamental and Adult Education:
Never too young to Educate, Never too old to be Educated’
College of Agriculture, MSU, Marawi City
December 11, 2016

International Seminar-Workshop on 21st Century Pedagogy

Lecture Hall, College of Law,MSU, Marawi City
October 7-9, 2016

Seminar on Choosing an Effective Leader by the Youth with the theme: “Encouraging
the Youth for Active Involvement in Peaceful and Orderly Election”
IPDM Convergence Hall, MSU-Main Campus, Marawi City
April 16, 2016

5th PHIMSA Orientation with the theme: “You’re not a mere youth, be proactive, be
productive, be one of us”

48
IPDM Convergence Hall, MSU-Main Campus, Marawi City
March 02, 2016

Oral Communication on the theme: “Enhancing Communicative Skills through Talent

Showcase”
Science Lecture Hall, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, MSU-Marawi City
March 19, 2014

Motto in life:

“If you quit easily, you’ll never enjoy the fruits of your Hardwork”

49