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Character/String Functions: Function Description Example

The document describes various string and character functions as well as date and time functions in Oracle SQL. Some key string functions are substr() to extract a substring, upper() and lower() to change case, and concat() to concatenate strings. Date functions include sysdate() to return the current date and time, trunc() and round() to modify dates, and add_months() to add months to a date.

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Deepak Malusare
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Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views

Character/String Functions: Function Description Example

The document describes various string and character functions as well as date and time functions in Oracle SQL. Some key string functions are substr() to extract a substring, upper() and lower() to change case, and concat() to concatenate strings. Date functions include sysdate() to return the current date and time, trunc() and round() to modify dates, and add_months() to add months to a date.

Uploaded by

Deepak Malusare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Character/String Functions

Function Description Example


Returns a portion of src starting at
substr(src, p, l) substr('Hello',3,2) = 'll'
position p and l char. long
upper Converts to uppercase upper('Hello') = 'HELLO'
lower Converts to lowercase lower('HELLO') = 'hello'
initcap('HELLO, world!') = 'Hello,
initcap Capitalizes the first character or each word
World!'
ltrim Removes blanks at the left-end of a string ltrim(' Hello ') = 'Hello '
rtrim Removes blanks at the right-end of a string rtrim(' Hello' ) = ' Hello'
trim Removes blanks at either ends of a string trim(' Hello ') = 'Hello'
concat Concatenates two strings concat('Hel', 'lo') = 'Hello'
length Returns the length of a string length('Hello') = 5
Replaces every occurrence of x in src by y (or by replace('Hello', 'll', 'r') = 'Hero'
replace(src, x, y)
nothing if y is absent) replace('Hello', 'o') = 'Hell'
lpad('Hello', 10, '>') =
lpad(src, l, p) Returns src, left-padded to length nwith the string p
'>>>>>Hello'
rpad(src, l, p) Returns src, right-padded to length n with the string p rpad('Hello', 10, '!') = 'Hello!!!!!'
chr Returns a character's code chr('H') = 72
soundex Computes the soundex phonetic value of a string
Replaces each char. from x in srcby the corresponding translate('hello', 'hl', 'HL') =
translate
char. in y 'HeLLo'
Same as initcap with National Language Support
nls_initcap
(NLS)
nls_upper Same as upper with National Language Support (NLS) nls_upper('Café) = CAFÉ
nls_lower Same as lower with National Language Support (NLS)

Date & Time Functions


Function Description Example
sysdate Returns the current date and time
Trancates a date d to the nearest time unit t(by default to the
trunc(d, t)
nearest day)
select round(sysdate)
round(d, t) As before, but using rounding
from dual
add_months(d, n) Returns d plus n months add_months(sysdate, 6)
months_between(d1,
Returns the number of months between dates d1 and d2
d2)
from_tz(d, tz) Adds a timezone component tz to date d
last_day(d) Returns the last day of the month containing d last_day(sysdate)

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