Maths Notes Xii Relations and Functions Board Exam Imp Qa
Maths Notes Xii Relations and Functions Board Exam Imp Qa
3x 2
2. If f(x) is an invertible function, find the inverse of f (x) =
5
Ans:
3x 2
Given f ( x )
5
3x 2
Let y
5
5y 2
3x 2 5 y x
3
5x 2
f 1 ( x )
3
3. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R as relation in T given by R = {(T1, T2) :T1
T2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Ans:
(i) Reflexive
R is reflexive if T1 R T1
Since T1 T1
R is reflexive.
(ii) Symmetric
R is symmetric if T1 R T2 T2 R T1
Since T1 T2 T2 T1
R is symmetric.
(iii) Transitive
R is transitive if T1 R T2 and T2 R T3 T1 R T3
Since T1 T2 and T2 T3 T1 T3
R is transitive
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get R is an equivalence relation.
4. If the binary operation * on the set of integers Z, is defined by a *b = a + 3b2 , then find the
value of 2 * 4.
Ans:
Given a *b = a + 3b2 a, b z
2*4 = 2 + 3 x 42 = 2 + 48 = 50
| x 1|
8. What is the range of the function f ( x ) ?
( x 1)
Ans:
| x 1|
We have given f ( x )
( x 1)
( x 1), if x 1 0 or x 1
| x 1|
( x 1), if x 1 0 or x 1
( x 1)
(i) For x > 1, f ( x) 1
( x 1)
( x 1)
(ii) For x < 1, f ( x ) 1
( x 1)
| x 1|
Range of f ( x ) is {–1 , 1}.
( x 1)
3ab
10. Let * be a binary operation on Q defined by a * b . Show that * is commutative as well as
5
associative. Also find its identity element, if it exists.
Ans:
For commutativity, condition that should be fulfilled is a * b = b * a
3ab 3ba
Consider a * b b*a
5 5
a*b=b*a
Hence, * is commutative.
For associativity, condition is (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
3ab 9ab
Consider (a * b) * c *c
5 25
3bc 9ab
and a *(b * c ) a *
5 25
Hence, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
* is associative.
Let e Q be the identity element,
Then a * e = e * a = a
3ae 3ea 5
ae
5 5 3
13. If f : R R and g : R R are given by f(x) = sin x and g(x) = 5x2, find gof(x).
Ans:
Given f : R R and g : R R defined by f (x) = sin x and g(x) = 5x2
gof(x) = g [f(x)] = g (sin x) = 5 (sin x)2 = 5 sin2x
14. Consider the binary operation* on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a * b = min. {a, b}. Write the
operation table of the operation *.
Ans:
Required operation table of the operation * is given as
* 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 3 3
4 1 2 3 4 4
5 1 2 3 4 5
17. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let f = {(1, 4), (2,5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. State
whether f is one-one or not.
Ans:
f is one-one because
f(1) = 4 ; f(2) = 5 ; f(3) = 6
No two elements of A have same f image.
18. Let f : R R be defined as f(x) =10x +7. Find the function g : R R such that gof = fog =IR.
Ans:
gof = fog = IR
fog = IR
fog(x) = I (x)
f (g(x)) = x [ I(x) = x being identity function]
10(g(x)) + 7 = x [ f(x) = 10x + 7]
x7
g ( x)
10
x7
i.e., g : R R is a function defined as g ( x )
10
x2
19. Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f : A B defined by f ( x ) .
x 3
Show that f is one-one and onto and hence find f –1.
Ans:
Let x1, x2 A.
x 2 x2 2
Now, f(x1) = f(x2) 1
x1 3 x2 3
( x1 2)( x2 3) ( x1 3)( x2 2)
x1 x2 3 x1 2 x2 6 x1 x2 2 x1 3x2 6
3 x1 2 x2 2 x1 3 x2
x1 x2 x1 x2
Hence f is one-one function.
For Onto
x2
Let y xy 3 y x 2
x 3
xy x 3 y 2 x( y 1) 3 y 2
3y 2
x ----- (i )
y 1
23. If the binary operation * on the set Z of integers is defined by a * b = a + b – 5, then write the
identity element for the operation * in Z.
Ans:
Let e Z be required identity
a* e = a a Z
a + e – 5 = a
e = a – a + 5
e = 5
3ab
24. If the binary operation * on set R of real numbers is defined as a*b = , write the identity
7
element in R for *.
Ans:
Let e R be identity element.
a * e = a a R
3ae 7a
ae
7 3a
7
e
3
25. Prove that the relation R in the set A = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} given by R = {(a, b) : |a – b| , is divisible by
2}, is an equivalence relation. Find all elements related to the element 6.
Ans:
Here R is a relation defined as R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is divisible by 2}
Reflexivity
Here (a, a) R as |a – a| = 0 = 0 divisible by 2 i.e., R is reflexive.
Symmetry
Let (a, b) R
(a, b) R |a – b| is divisible by 2
a – b = ± 2m b – a = 2m
|b – a| is divisible by 2 (b, a) R
ab
26. Let * be a binary operation, on the set of all non-zero real numbers, given by a * b for all
5
a, b R {0} . Find the value of x, given that 2 * (x * 5) = 10.
Ans:
Given 2 * (x * 5) = 10
x5
2* 10 2* x 10
5
2 x 10 5
10 x x 25
5 5
27. Let A = {1, 2, 3, …, 9} and R be the relation in A × A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d = b + c for
(a, b), (c, d) in A × A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Also obtain the equivalence class
[(2, 5)].
Ans:
Given, R is a relation in A × A defined by (a, b)R(c, d) a + d = b + c
(i) Reflexivity: a, b A
Q a + b = b + a (a, b)R(a, b)
So, R in reflexive.
(ii) Symmetry: Let (a, b) R (c, d)
Q (a, b)R(c, d) a + d = b + c
b + c = d + a [Q a, b, c, d N and N is commutative under addition[
c + b = d + a
(c, d)R(a, b)
So, R is symmetric.
(iii) Transitivity: Let (a, b)R(c, d) and (c, d)R(e, f)
Now, (a, b)R(c, d) and (c, d)R(e, f) a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e
a + d + c + f = b + c + d + e
a + f = b + e
(a, b)R(e, f).
R is transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
2nd Part: Equivalence class: [(2, 5)] = {(a, b) A A: (a, b)R(2, 5)}
= {(a, b) A A: a + 5 = b + 2}
= {(a, b) A A: b – a = 3}
= {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8), (6, 9)}