2 Introduction To Compressors

University of Technology Dr. louay A.
Mahdi
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Branches: Refrigeration and Air conditioning Equipment Technology II
Forth class 2017 – 2018 Introduction to compressors 2
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INTRODUCTION:
REFRIGERATION
SYSTEMS
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University of Technology Dr. louay A.Mahdi
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THE COMPRESSOR
Is one of the four essential components of the compression refrigeration system; the
others include the condenser, evaporator, and expansion device. The compressor circulates refrigerant
through the system in a continuous cycle. A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure
of a gas by reducing its volume or increase the momentum. There are two basic types of compressors:
positive displacement and dynamic.
Compressor has two parts:

1. The motor: stator and rotor, AC or DC current, the stator consists of start winding and running winding
must take care for the type of wire and insulation selection with high resistant to heat and oil. and must
be put over load for the high current protection.
2. The engine: consist of the ;crank, arms, piston, pin beam, cylinder case, valves outlet chamber, inlet
chamber, housing, supporting, bearing, oil lubrication, high pressure safety valve.
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The compressors can be classification according to:

A) The method of increasing pressure:
1) Positive-displacement compressors
Increase the pressure of refrigerant vapor by reducing the volume of the compression chamber through work
applied to the compressor’s mechanism: reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston, rotary vane, single screw, and
twin-screw), scroll. These compressors have the following features:
1. The pressure ratio is high.
2. The capacities are limited.
3. The pressure is increase by reducing volume.
2) Dynamic compressors
Increase the pressure of refrigerant vapor by a continuous transfer of angular momentum from the rotating
member to the vapor followed by the conversion of this momentum into a pressure rise. Centrifugal
compressors function based on these principles. These compressors have the following features:
1. The pressure ratio is lower or medium.
2. The capacities are high.
3. The pressure is increase by increasing the momentum.
Compressors
Positive Displacement Dynamic
Linear Reciprocating Rotary Turbo Ejector(jet)
Vane Rolling pistion Scroll Screw Centrifugal Axial
types of
compressors
Table for types and capacity of compressors

Compressor type Rating T.R
1 Linear 0.1
2 Rolling piston 0.25 - 2.5
3 scroll 2.5 - 16
4 Reciprocating 0.10 - 100
5 Screw 75 - 450
6 Centrifugal 325 - 1500
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B) The type of assembly:
1) hermetic or closed type :When the motor and engine be in one container, no maintenance can be done.
2) sime-hermetic : the motor and engine be in same container also, but can do the maintenance.
3) open type: the motor is separated from the engine, the motor may be electric, I.C engine,…..etc.all
types of automotive air conditioning system.
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C) Back pressure:
i. Low Back Pressure. For refrigeration application.(1/12, 1/10, 1/8,1/7, 1/6, 1/5,1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 3/4)H.p
which use for refrigerator, Freezer. Working with R-134a, R 404A. The suction pressure is about( 0 to
15 psig)
ii. Medium Back Pressure: which is use for water dispenser, Walk-in Coolers, Walk-in Freezers, Reach-
in Coolers, Reach-in Freezers, Refrigerated Display Cases. The back pressure is about (20 to 40 psig)
iii. High Back Pressure. For air conditioning application. Working with R-22, the R 410A, the pack
pressure is about( 75 to 125 psig)
D) The refrigerant mass flow rate:
1) Pulse refrigerant flow: like reciprocating, rotary, linear compressors.
Linear
Rotary
Reciprocating
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2) Continuous refrigerant flow: like scroll, screw, centrifugal compressors.
Scroll Screw centrifugal
E) Type of motor:
1) AC motor
2) DC motor or inverter.
F) Type of power consumption:

1) Single phase: 220 or 110 volt ( Hz 50 or 60)
2) Three phase: 380 or 440 volt ( Hz 50 or 60)
We must study:
1. The parts
2. Type of operation
3. The lubrication method
4. The losses type
5. Control

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University of Technology Dr. louay A.

Compressor has two parts:

The compressors can be classification according to:

Positive Displacement Dynamic

Linear Reciprocating Rotary Turbo Ejector(jet)

Vane Rolling pistion Scroll Screw Centrifugal Axial

Table for types and capacity of compressors

B) The type of assembly:

D) The refrigerant mass flow rate:

1) Pulse refrigerant flow: like reciprocating, rotary, linear compressors.

2) Continuous refrigerant flow: like scroll, screw, centrifugal compressors.

Scroll Screw centrifugal

F) Type of power consumption:

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