“REMOVAL OF PHENOL USING

ADSORBENTS”
A SEMINAR REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FORTHE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

SUBMITTED BY
OMKAR.J.GAWAS

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof.(Dr).M.V.BAGAL

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
SECTOR- 7, C.B.D BELPADA, NAVI MUMBAI 400614.

(2016-2017)
 BHARaTI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
NAVI MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that OMKAR J. GAWAS has successfully completed the
SEMINAR work entitled “REMOVAL OF PHENOL USING
ADSORBENTS” during the prescribed period in the academic year 2016-17.
This Seminar Report is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Prof.(Dr.) M. V. Bagal Prof.(Dr.) M. V. Bagal

Seminar Guide Seminar Coordinator

Prof.(Dr.) S. P. Shingare Principal

Head B.V.C.O.E., Navi Mumbai
Department of Chemical Engineering

Examiner 1_________________________

Examiner 2_________________________

Date:
 Acknowledgement
I would first of all like to thank and express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. M. V.
BAGAL, Seminar Guide andCo-ordinator, Department of Chemical Engineering,
B.V.C.O.E. Navi Mumbai for herconstant support and encouragement during my seminar
work. I have high regards for her guidance, motivation and her dynamic presence as my
guide.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. S. P. Shingare, Head

of Department of Chemical Engineering for her valuable help and suggestions during this
work. I sincerely acknowledge all help provided by the entire staff particularly the E-cell
and my colleagues of Department of Chemical Engineering, B.V.C.O.E. Navi Mumbai,
for providing me with valuable and practical information relevant for the successful
completion of this seminar work

OMKAR.J.GAWAS
 BHARATI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAVI
MUMBAI

INSTITUTE MISSION
“Social Transformation through Dynamic Education”

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

VISION
The chemical engineering department seeks to prepare chemical engineers to pursue their goals
as successful careers of Entrepreneurs and Eminent Researchers which benefits the public
welfare through its service that is rigorous and challenging.

MISSION
1. Excel in engineering practice, research, and management in industries.
2. Expands the knowledge through its scholarly pursuits.
3. Think critically and creatively, especially about the use of technology to address local and
global problems.
4. To develop technology to serve social needs.
 CONTENTS

Page No
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF TABLES iii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. PHENOL: AN OVERVIEW 6
2.2.Traditional Separation Methods
2.2.1. Separation by Steam Distillation 7
2.2.2. Separation by Liquid-Liquid Extraction 8
2.2.3. Separation by Adsorption 9
2.2.4. Separation by Solid phase Extraction 10
2.2.5. Separation by Chemical Oxidation 10
2.2.5.1. Total oxidation with air processes 10
2.2.5.1.1. Noncatalytic wet air oxidation. 10
2.2.5.2 Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) 11
2.2.6. Separation by Biodegradation 12
2.3 Advance Methods for Phenol Separation or Reduction 14
2.3.1. Electrochemical Oxidation 14
2.3.1.1. Indirect electro-oxidation 14
2.3.1.2 Direct anodic oxidation 15
2.3.2. Photo Oxidation Process 16
2.3.2.1. Catalytic photo-oxidation 16
2.3.2.2 Noncatalytic Photo Oxidation 17
 2.3.3. Membrane Process 18
2.3.3.1 Separating by MBSE 18
2.3.3.1.1. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique 19
2.3.3.1.2. Supported liquid membrane (SLM) 21
2.4. Hybrid Systems 22
2.4.1 MBR 22
2.4.2 PMR 23

CHAPTER3: PARAMETERS AFFECTING RATES OF ADSORPTION

3.1. Effect of pH 27
3.2. Effect of Temperature 27
3.3 Effect of Particle size 28
3.4 Effect of Substituted groups 28
3.5 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage 29
3.6 Effect of Initial Phenol concentration 29

CHAPTER 4: ADSORPTION CAPACITIES AND COST ESTIMATION

4.1 Adsorption isotherms 32
4.1.1 Freundlich Isotherm 32
4.1.2 Langmuir Isotherm 32
4.2 Adsorption Capacities 33
4.3 Cost Estimation 34

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

5.1. Result and Conclusion 36

REFERENCES 38
ABSTRACT

Adsorption is one of the most effective process for the treatment of waste water for the removal
of various toxic industrial effluents like phenol. Various treatment methods are being used but
adsorption too is one of the effective treatment processes. In this study various treatment
techniques used for phenol removal has been studied and a comparison is being made as to why
adsorption process is the best treatment method .In this present study a review of six adsorbents
which comprised of Activated carbon, Bagasse Ash, Wood charcoal, Red mud, Macro Algae and
clay on various parameters affecting the adsorption process like pH, effect of particle size, effect
of initial phenol concentration, effect of the substitution groups on the phenolic ring, effect of
adsorbent dosage and effect of temperature has been made. Also the adsorption capacities along
with their cost estimation are listed in this study. Altogether the basic aim of this study is to
review the adsorptive capacities of various adsorbents used under this study in comparison with
Activated carbon as it is used commercially and thereby provide data for increasing the use of
low cost adsorbents which could provide a best alternative to Activated carbon

Keywords: Effluents, Adsorbent Dosage

i
LIST OF FIGURES

TITLE Page No.

Figure 2.1 Chemical Structure of Phenol 6

Figure 2.2 Phase diagram of phenol–water system showingvapor–liquid, liquid– 7

liquid, solid–liquid, and solid–liquid–liquid equilibrium

Figure 2.3 Schematic view of an electro chemical system 15

Figure 2.4 Schematic view of ELM 20

Figure 2.5 Schematic view of SLM 21
Figure 2.6 Schematic diagram of a MBR with an external membrane 23
Figure 2.7 Schematic view of a PMR with photocatalyst in suspension 25

ii
LIST OF TABLES

TITLE Page No.

Table 1.1 Chemical and Physical properties of Phenol. 4

Table 3.1 Optimum dose for adsorbent for particular phenol concentration 29
Table 4.1 Types of Adorption Isotherm for Adsorbents 33
Table 4.2 Adsorption Capacities of Adorbents 33
Table 4.3 Price Details of Adsorbents per kg 34

iii