International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1767-1776

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

IOT BASED GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR

SMART CITY USING RASPBERRY PI

Manish Chetia Patra1, Navaneethan.N2, Mani.P.K3

1, 2
UG Scholars, 3 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Vel Tech Multitech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai-62, India

Abstract— In many places, we can see that the the data it has stored. The board has an Ethernet
municipal waste bins are overflowing because of it is interface and it run as the simple data web server.
not collected and cleaned before it fill and overflow. The coordinator will collect the data from ZigBee
The consequences for this overflowing waste bin is wireless communication protocol and allows the user
very severe. It can lead to land pollution, air pollution, to monitor the whole data from the web browser.
which will lead to spread of deseases to humans and Thus the cleaning authority can collect the garbage
animals around it. Thus there should be a alert system on time.
that can monitor the bin and can give the condition or
level of filling of the waste bin to the municipality Keywords—Wireless sensor network, Embedded
using wireless sensor network. So that the bin can be linux board, Raspberry Pi (Rpi), Zigbee , Level
cleaned on time and the environment can be kept safe. sensor.

This paper presents the smart waste management 1.INTRODUCTION

system of the garbage system that identifies fullness
and level of the waste bin using the wireless sensor
network(WSN). which is embedded to the Linux board
to inform the information to the authorized person for
the cleaning of the waste bin in time. Here we use
Raspberry Pi as the embedded Linux board. The board
architecture is designed based on the arm 11
microcontroller architecture. The ZigBee protocol is
used for communicate with all thesensor nodes placed
in the tested areas with the embedded Linux. Also the
embedded Linux will act as a coordinated node in the
wireless sensor network. The ai m of the coordinator
node is to collect the parameters like level of waste bin
and odor it wirelessly. Each sensor node will have a
level sensor and a gas sensors and one ZigBee RF
antenna device for communicate with the
coordinator node. The Raspberry Pi store will collect
the data in the database and then analyze

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I n t h e w h o l e w o r l d t h e waste management in The coordinator node manages multiple Routers and

the metropolitan areas is one of the challenging issues the End device nodes. The whole system consist of
we are facing now a day. The need for an organized three parts, they are the Coordinator node, the
waste management system is mandatory to keep the Router or End device sensor node and the web
environment green. There is a lot of existing server design. The radio transceiver is linked to
mechanisms are available for handling the waste
management. The lack of gathering of the information
is the major challenging task.

This miscommunication will surely affect the

national growth rate in dense suburban area and also
the demand for urban ecological protection is
increasing day by day. This is one major challenge in
the waste management to create a prototype because of
the lack of coordination between the government,
people and local authority for shipping and processing
of the waste. Currently the waste gathering from public
waste bin is conventional which acquire a lot of
labors and is time overwhelming process. Internet of
Things (IoT) is the control of the system using the
internet. The ‗thing‘ in IoT can mean to be a physical
device with sensor which is capable to send both the Coordinator node and End device sensor
information through IP address and also it have the node. It will transmit the garbage bin data from
ability to communicate information to the base station coordinator node to End device sensor node. The
automatically. This technology is very useful to saving wireless communication here we use is based on the
of the time. Internet of Things can be able to interact in ZigBee protocol which uses 2.4 GHz wireless link.
The web server is designed on Raspberry Pi for
various systems over the internet. The objects we can
monitoring the status of the waste bin. We use any
embody digitally also w can be operate or monitor it devices which have the capability to access the web
from anywhere in the world. This will help the peopleto service. Here for monitoring the data we use PC,
gather more information without going to the location. laptop, smartphone etc. It also sends the complete
In this project we bring a new direction for integrating contact information for all the authorities, which
the IOT for the green environment by cleaning the Includes the full mailing address, the telephone
numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses.
waste automatically.
a) Raspberry Pi
In this paper we use as the controller for the
2. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE USED FOR coordinator node. Raspberry Pi is the small,
SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM inexpensive minicomputer that enables people of all
Design of smart waste management ages to explore computing, and to learn how to
system is as shown in Fig.1, program in languages. It‘s job in this paper is it
continuously collects the informations send by the
sensor nodes via ZigBee, and it will process the large

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quantities of data timely and is available for users will be placed. According to the size of the waste
to view at the instant. It is the core of the whole bin the range of the Ultrasonic sensor will change.
system. Considering all the parameters, including size
,things on it, the specifications of the ultrasonic
b) End device sensor node sensors can be implemented.
Sensor node we use here is to sense the level and odor
of the waste bin. It finds both the proseses of the whole f) Load cell
system. It is designed using Arduino UNO board
based on microcontroller Atmega 328. It consists The Load cells are placed at the 4 corners of the
power supply unit, ZigBee protocol based radio waste bin in the bottom. The load cell can be u sed
transceiver, level sensor(ultrasonic) and gas sensors as a secondary sensor. If there is any problem in the
(CO2,H2S,NH3,Methane etc). Also there is data ultrasonic sensor, it will not send the output to the
logger used for the temporary storage attached to it. It municipality. In this situation we can use this as a
will sense the garbage bin parameters typically each backup plan. The load cells are god for the keeping
time one-minute intervals and send back the of the sensor which we can use it as the secondary
acknowledgement to the coordinator node via the storage.
ZigBee wireless communication protocol.
c)ZigBee g) Gas sensors
The ZigBee is the wireless transmission of data
which uses low amount of data for the transmission. It The Gas sensors here is used to detect the odor of the
defines the layers of network layer, physical layer, garbage bin. Sometimes even before filling of the
and controlling layer are used for the media access, garbage in the bad smell from the garbage bin will get
while ZigBee protocol is used to work on the ruin the place. To avoid this situation we fix the gas
network layer and the application layer. sensor. The gas sensor detect the level of gas in the
garbage box, and then it will compare the odor of the
d) Database and web server
In our proposed system we designed the database gas with the threshold value feed on the system. If there
based on MySQL which is installed on Raspberry Pi. is any deviation as the value is more than the threshold
MySQL is one good choice of database in the web value, then that message will be sent to the municipality
applications. MySQL which uses oracle is the through the communication sensor. Thus the
Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS). municipality can rush to the place and clean up the
It is also an open source software. Database stores the garbage bin and save the place from the bad smell that
parameters and informations send by a sensor node may ruin the place.
in it with time. It also sends the information to the
web page also for monitoring the system 3. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OPERATION
e) Ultrasonic
We use the public waste bin for the system to
apply. Here we are using alert system to aware the
The Ultrasonic sensors here we use are to detect the
municipal corporation to remove the waste from the
level of the waste bin. There is three ultrasonic
waste bin because of two reasons. One is the waste
sensors will be placed at each angle of 120 degrees
from each other so that the whole area of the waste bin is full and the other one is the odor from the bin
bin can be covered. The waste bin have a protecting is too much. By this alert the municipal cooperation
box at the top center where the ultrasonic sensors

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can take quick action and remove the waste from the
waste bin.

The waste bin we use is fixed with three types

of sensors. They are Ultrasonic sensor which is used as
level sensor,another one is load sensor and the last is
ZigBee Transceiver. The ultrasonic sensor iss fixed on
the top of the waste bin and four load sensors also kept
near to that. The signal from the load sensor is
converted by the analog to digital converter. The
analogue to digital converter will convert the analogue
signal it received to the digital signal. The converted
digital signal is then transmitted to the node sensors.
The node sensors send the digital data to the
communication protocol. From the communication
protocol it is send to the ZigBee wireless
communication protocol. These all are inside the 4. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ardiono microcontroller. The Embedded system is the combination of
the software components and the hardware
When the waste bin is full the sensors will get components. The embedded system consist of the
sensed and a message will be send to the municipality. microprocessor to the microcontroller. The
Otherwise there is another thing that continuously microprocessor is used to feed a program for some
happens is for every one minute the sensors will sends multipurpose while the microcontroller consist of an
the status of the waste bin. Thus the municipal people inbuilt microprocessor which can be used for a single
can be know the level of the waste bin for every one purpose only. The embeddedsystem is most
minute interval. We can reduce or increase the interval importantnow a days, because the most common
time period. There is another one sensor which is used usage things now we use are all embedded systems.
to know the level of the odor of the waste bin. This For example, from the watches to the traffic signal
sensor will send the information of the level of the light and heavy weight machinaries in the
odor in the waste bin. When the odor of the waste bin manufacturing sectors is used by the embedded
become too much because of the degrade of the system.
degradable wastes inside the waste bin, then the
message will be send to the municipality by the In the embedded system there should be an
sensors in it automatically. microcontroller or a microprocessor. Both are needed
to be programmed by the programers. The
Here the two sensors will not send the same microprocessor we program can be reuse as for the
data simultaneously because the ZigBee sensors we another one porepose too. Because what we need is
use consist of the collision detection. Thus the ZigBee the erasing of the old program and rewrite another
will prevent the simultaneous same messages. Thus program for the microprocessor. The microcontroller
this avoidance of the simultaneous messages will help can be used for a single porpose for what we decide
to avoid the annoying the municipal office by getting for. If we want to change, we need to change the
repeated messages whole components inside the the microcontroller. The
embedded system can be a whole system or the small

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part of a whole instrument. The embedded system

consist of the internal storage memory and RAM
inbuilt into it. Also the embedded system is the user
interfaced system used to interface with the human
interaction. Here we have the part to debug the system.
The real time computer is used to feed the program and
debug the program inside to, also it can monitor the
whole processes inside the embedded system. The
Internet of things can be used to link with the
embedded system very easily.

a) Embedded systems
functions

• Embedded systems takes the data from the input

sensors and process, it will make the user-friendly the
result.
• The Embedded systems generate the comments feed
inside it and transmit the commands to the users
• The Embedded system is used to work on the real time
system without any delay on it.

b) Block diagram of an embedded

system:

An Embedded system consist of the software

part and the hardware part. The main part of the
embedded system is the CPU in it. The embedded
system here consist of digital interface microwaves,
VCRs utilize embedded systems. Thus it will get
the software and the hardware system in the

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The combination of the software system and the

hardware system should match each other otherwise The embedded system is used to control the
the command we given to the system will not work system because it is used to monitor the
in the system. The characteristics of the embedded environment directly. The embedded system is
system are the single functioned system, tightly very useful for the development and study of the
constrained, reactive and real time. environment around it. Thus the embedded
computer is used to take the control of the system.
Heterogeneous Architectures The embedded system designers must be so
The Embedded system usually have the careful while selecting the components, power,
Heterogeneous Architecture. It is the mechanical, network, and digital hardware with
combination of certain components. The corresponding software.
software and the hardware are combined to form
the embedded system. The figure given below 5. DESIGN OF EMBEDDED
shows the block diagramed representation for SYSTEM
the heterogeneous architecture of the embedded
system. The Embedded system have the design cycle. The
flow diagram of the system is given below in the
block diagram. From starting of the project to the
ending of the fabrication design, we should consider
about the software consideration and the
a)CLASSIFICATION

 The Real Time Systems. 


 RTS will respond to the events within
the specified deadline.
Control of physical systems
hardware components, sensor, input and output both the microprocessor and microcontroller in
components. In the electronics we use either a the same kit.
microprocessor or a microcontroller, we don‘t use

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The right answers which are produced after the education to village student and it will bring
dead line should be considered as a wrong answer  them from imaginary to real environment.
 T here is also the Real Time System 8. REFERENCES
classification 1.Shubham Thakker, R.Narayanamoorthi,‖
 The Hardware Real Time Systems Smart
and Wireless Waste Management‖, IEEE
The Software Real Time System Sponsored
Thus the kit for the IoT based garbage management 2nd International Conference on Innovations in
system using the ardiuno UNO is implemented and Information Embedded and Communication
taken out the output. The system works in the real time Systems
and the output is taken out by the message received 978-1-4799-6818-3/15.
from it. The pictorical representation of the kit used for
the alert system is given above. The aurdino is fixed in 2.C. K. N. Gupta and G. L. Shekar, ― Electronic
the bottom right corner. The alarm message is send by Waste Management System In Bangalore – A
the ZegBee in te kit. Review‖ , J. of Management & Technology,Vol.
1. No. 1. Pp. 11 – 24,
6. CONCLUSION 2009.
Thus the embedded based smart garbage system by
3.B. Slater, G. Smylie, S. Thompson, H.
the intelligence alert system is deviced for proper
Bruemmer, ― Advancing Information
monitoring and and maintenance of the garbage. Technology in the Waste Management World,
The new system will avert the irregular cleaning of WM2008 Conference, February
the municipal waste bin by sending alert to the 24 -28, 2008, Phoenix, AZ.
concern individuals at a regular intervals.
4.Waheed Ahmad Arbab, Faheem Ijaz, Tae Min
7. FUTURE SCOPE Yoon, Chankil Lee,‖ A USN based Automatic
Waste Collection System‖ , ICACT 2012,
As the internet is spreading faster in every small February 19 – 22,
part of the world, internet of things can make the 2012
things digitized, the scope from the project is that 5.Xinwen Chi, Martin Streicher-Porte, Mark Y.L.
by providing knowledge of internet and its uses Wang, Markus A. Reuter, ― Informal electronic
for rural people we can make village smart by waste recycling: A sector review with special
providing these features like smart garbage focus on China,‖ Waste Management 31 (2011)
management,digital water supply, and intensity 731– 742. J. Wyatt. 2008 April. Maximizing
controlled street light, etc. In our paper we are Waste Management Efficiency through the
using raspberry pi which is a small computer, it Use of RFID – Texas Instrument
can provide many functions the project as it will
be upgraded in the future and which is low cost 6. Prabha, G. ,Mohana Sundaram, K. Design of
and powerful devices. Displaying the agriculture feasible energy generation using solar panel and
related things helps to uneducated people to get control using an IoT International Journal of
know about facilities given by the government to Engineering and Technology(UAE) Volume 7, Issue
them. E-learning improves and provides standard 2,2018,Pages191-196.

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