Scribd
Upload
116 views

Lab Manual

This document provides information about an electrical circuits laboratory manual for the first semester of 2018-2019. The objectives of the lab are to expose students to electrical circuits and build circuit construction skills using different circuit elements. Upon completing the lab course, students will be able to analyze DC circuits, solve complicated circuits using network theorems, and determine inductance of coupled coils. The first experiment involves identifying resistor values using color codes, explaining how the code works and having students observe resistors' color bands to determine their values and tolerances.

Uploaded by

Alain Jimenea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
116 views

Lab Manual

This document provides information about an electrical circuits laboratory manual for the first semester of 2018-2019. The objectives of the lab are to expose students to electrical circuits and build circuit construction skills using different circuit elements. Upon completing the lab course, students will be able to analyze DC circuits, solve complicated circuits using network theorems, and determine inductance of coupled coils. The first experiment involves identifying resistor values using color codes, explaining how the code works and having students observe resistors' color bands to determine their values and tolerances.

Uploaded by

Alain Jimenea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Electrical Circuit I

Laboratory Manual

Year: 2018 – 2019


Semester: 1st Semester
Electrical Circuits Laboratory

Objectives
The objective of the Electrical Circuits lab is to expose the students to the electrical circuits and
give them experimental skill. The purpose of lab experiment is to continue to build circuit construction
skills using different circuit element. It enables the students to gain sufficient knowledge on the
programming and simulation of Electrical circuits.

Outcomes
Upon the completion of Electrical Circuit and simulation practical course, the student will be
able to attain the following:
1. Familiarity with DC circuit analysis techniques.
2. Analyze complicated circuits using different network theorems.
3. Determine the self and mutual inductance of coupled coils.
Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Experiment 1: Identifying Resistors – Using Color Code


1.1 Objective

To identify resistor using color code.

1.2 Introduction

Resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as


a circuit element. In electronics, resistor are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements and terminal transmission lines.

Electrical functions of resistors are specified by its resistance. The resistance value, tolerance,
and wattage rating are generally printed onto the body of the resistor as numbers or letters when
the resistors body is big enough to read the print, such as large power resistors. But when the
resistor is small such as a 1/4 watt carbon or film type, these specifications must be shown in some
other manner as the print would be too small to read.

So to overcome this, small resistors use coloured painted bands to indicate both their resistive
value and their tolerance with the physical size of the resistor indicating its wattage rating. These
coloured painted bands produce a system of identification generally known as a Resistors Colour
Code.

An international and universally accepted resistor colour code scheme was developed many
years ago as a simple and quick way of identifying a resistors ohmic value no matter what its size or
condition. It consists of a set of individual coloured rings or bands in spectral order representing
each digit of the resistors value.

The resistor colour code markings are always read one band at a time starting from the left to
the right, with the larger width tolerance band oriented to the right side indicating its tolerance. By
matching the colour of the first band with its associated number in the digit column of the colour
chart below the first digit is identified and this represents the first digit of the resistance value.

Again, by matching the colour of the second band with its associated number in the digit column
of the colour chart we get the second digit of the resistance value and so on. Then the resistor
colour code is read from left to right as illustrated below:
Calculating Resistor Values

The Resistor Colour Code system is all well and good but we need to understand how to apply it
in order to get the correct value of the resistor. The “left-hand” or the most significant coloured
band is the band which is nearest to a connecting lead with the colour coded bands being read from
left-to-right as follows:

Digit, Digit, Multiplier = Colour, Colour x 10 colour in Ohm’s (Ω)

For example, a resistor has the following coloured markings;

Yellow Violet Red = 4 7 2 = 4 7 x 102 = 4700Ω or 4k7 Ohm.

The fourth and fifth bands are used to determine the percentage tolerance of the resistor.
Resistor tolerance is a measure of the resistors variation from the specified resistive value and is a
consequence of the manufacturing process and is expressed as a percentage of its “nominal” or
preferred value.

Typical resistor tolerances for film resistors range from 1% to 10% while carbon resistors have
tolerances up to 20%. Resistors with tolerances lower than 2% are called precision resistors with the
or lower tolerance resistors being more expensive.
Most five band resistors are precision resistors with tolerances of either 1% or 2% while most of
the four band resistors have tolerances of 5%, 10% and 20%. The colour code used to denote the
tolerance rating of a resistor is given as:

Brown = 1%, Red = 2%, Gold = 5%, Silver = 10 %

If resistor has no fourth tolerance band then the default tolerance would be at 20%.

It is sometimes easier to remember the resistor colour code by using mnemonics or phrases that
have a separate word in the phrase to represent each of the Ten + Two colours in the code.
However, these sayings are often very crude but never the less effective for remembering the
resistor colours. Here are just a few of the more “cleaner” versions but many more exist:

 Bad Booze Rots Our Young Guts But Vodka Goes Well
 Bad Boys Ring Our Young Girls But Vicky Goes Without
 Bad Boys Ring Our Young Girls But Vicky Gives Willingly — Get Some Now (This one is only
slightly better because it includes the tolerance bands of Gold, Silver, and None).

1.3 Materials and Equipment

No equipment need

1.4 Procedure

a. Identify the value of the resistors using the color codes of the resistors.
b. List the observation of the resistor in the table provided.

1.5 Observation

a. Color code identification

Item 1st Band 2nd Band 3rd Band Multiplier Tolerance Resistor Value
No.
1
Black Brown Violet Black Brown

Green Violet Blue Red Gold


2
Red Blue Yellow Orange Orange
3
White Brown Grey Orange Silver
4
Red Black Black Yellow Black
5
Yellow Green Black Green Gold
6
Orange Grey White Red Brown
7
White Orange Violet Brown Gold
8
Green Grey Red White Red
9
Yellow Black Grey Black Red
10

b. Creating the color code


Item Resistor Value 1st Band 2nd Band 3rd Band Multiplier Tolerance
No.
1

10
Experiment 2
Series and Parallel Circuits using Resistors

You might also like