La Consolacion College, Incorporation

Poblacion, Liloan, Cebu

COMPILATION OF TYPES OF ACTIVITIES

IN
WORLD LITERATURE- “ILIAD”

Prepared by:

Mollejon, Jeanne

Perez, Rebbie

Pitogo, Jemna

Ruiz, Jennifer

Submitted to:

Mrs. Gladys Mendoza

 Outline of Every Book of the Story “Iliad” by Homer
Book 1
1-7: Homer calls upon the goddess of poetry and inspiration (the MUSE) to sing of Achilles' anger.
8-52: Chryses, priest of Apollo , comes to the Greek camp to ransom his daughter, Chryseis , held
captive by Agamemnon . He is insulted and sent away, and Apollo sends a plague on the Greeks.
53-305: Inspired by the goddess, Hera , Achilles calls an assembly to deal with the plague, and the
prophet, Kalchas , reveals that Apollo was angered by Agamemnon's refusal to return the daughter
of his priest. Agamemnon reluctantly agrees to give her back, but demands compensation. This
provokes Achilles' anger, and, after they exchange threats and angry words, Agamemnon decides to
take Achilles' "prize", the captive woman, Briseis . The goddess, Athena , prevents Achilles from
killing Agamemnon by promising that he will one day be compensated with three times as many
prizes. Nestor 's efforts to make peace fail.
306-430: Agamemnon's men take Briseis from Achilles, and Achilles prays to his divine mother,
Thetis , for help. He says he will not fight, and he asks her to persuade Zeus to make the battle go
badly for the Greeks so they will see that they should not have dishonored him.
430-87: Odysseus leads a group of Greeks to Chryse (the place!) to return Chryseis (the daughter!)
to Chryses (the priest!). Meanwhile, Achilles isolates himself from the other Greeks.
488-611: Thetis, begs Zeus to honor her son, Achilles, by turning the battle against the Greeks so
they will see that they need him. Afterwards, Zeus' wife, Hera , bickers with him over his plan, and
the lame god, Hephaistos , tries to make peace among them.
Book 2
Zeus begins to fulfill his promise to Thetis to bring honor to Achilles. First, he deceives Agamemnon
with a dream that promises victory. Agamemnon calls the Greek leaders together to tell them his
dream. He proposes to test the soldiers by saying that they are going home. When he does this,
the soldiers run for the ships; only Odysseus is able to rally them and shame them into staying. A
common soldier, THERSITES, protests and urges his fellow Greeks to go home, but Odysseus beats
him down and reminds the Greeks that they had been promised victory when they set out. The
troops assemble and Homer lists all of the contingents in "the CATALOG OF THE SHIPS". The
Trojans arm to meet the Greeks, and Homer names their warriors and troops as well.
Book 3
Paris challenges Menelaos to a duel; Helen is to be awarded to the winner. Helen joins Priam on
the walls of Troy and names the Greek warriors for him. Then, Priam goes to the battlefield to
swear an oath with Agamemnon to respect the results of the duel. Menelaos and Paris fight, but
Aphrodite snatches Paris away, deposits him in his bedroom, and brings Helen to him.
Book 4
At a council of the gods on MOUNT OLYMPOS, Zeus considers bringing the Trojan War to an end
and sparing the city of Troy. Hera angrily objects, and Zeus sends Athena to break the truce. Athena
persuades PANDAROS, a Trojan, to shoot an arrow at Menelaos. Menelaos is wounded, the truce is
broken and, as Agamemnon rallies the troops, fighting breaks out.
Book 5
Diomedes ' exploits on the battlefield dominate this section. After he wounds Aphrodite, Ares, the
god of war, intervenes to help the Trojans. The goddesses, Hera and Athena, join in on the Greek
side.
Book 6
Diomedes and GLAUKOS , an ally of the Trojans, meet, but do not fight because they discover they
are "GUEST-FRIENDS": their grandfathers had visited each other and exchanged gifts. Hector
returns to Troy to ask the Trojan women to make a sacrifice to Athena to win her pity. He visits
Helen and scolds his brother, Paris, for abandoning the battlefield. In a moving scene, Hector
explains his duty to fight, and says an emotional good-bye to his wife, Andromache , and their baby,
ASTYANAX, before returning to battle.
Book 7
Hector proposes a duel with one of the Greeks. Aias is chosen by lot, but the duel ends in a draw as
night falls. Both sides agree to a truce to bury the dead, and the Greeks fortify their camp.
Book 8
The battle resumes. Zeus orders the gods to stay out, and the Trojans gain the advantage. Hera
and Athena try to help the Greeks, but are stopped by Zeus who foretells Patroclus ' death and
Achilles' return to the fighting. At nightfall, Hector persuades the Trojans to camp outside of the
city in the hope of decisively defeating the Greeks the next day.
Book 9
The Greek leaders hold an assembly. Agamemnon proposes to go home, but Diomedes and Nestor
dissuade him. The aged king, Nestor, convinces him to return Briseis to Achilles and offer him gifts
in reconciliation. Odysseus , Aias and Phoinix , Achilles' tutor, go to Achilles' tent and offer him
many gifts from Agamemnon, if he will return to battle. Achilles rejects their appeals.
Book 10
Diomedes and Odysseus volunteer to spy on the Trojan camp. They meet DOLON, a Trojan spy, and
kill him, after he gives them information. They sneak into the Trojan camp, brutally murder Rhesos
and twelve of his warriors, allies of the Trojans, and lead off their horses as spoils.
Book 11
When battle resumes, several prominent Greek warriors are wounded and must leave the fighting.
Achilles watches and sends Patroclus to find out who was wounded. Nestor urges him to persuade
Achilles to return to battle or at least let Patroclus and his men fight for the Greeks.
Books 12-15
Hektor and the Trojans storm the fortifications surrounding the Greek camp. The sea-god, Poseidon
, rallies the Greeks, and Telamonian Aias and Aias Oileus defend the Greek ships. The wounded
Greek warriors go back to the fighting. Hera seduces her husband, Zeus , to distract him and allow
Poseidon to continue helping the Greeks. As the Greeks rally, Hector is wounded. Zeus wakes up
and threatens the other gods, forcing them to stop helping the Greeks. Then, Zeus outlines the
future course of the battle and sends Apollo to revive Hector. Hector returns to the battle, drives
the Greeks back to their ships, and tries to set the ships on fire.
Book 16
Following Nestor ’s advice, Patroclus persuades Achilles to let him wear his armor and lead their
troops, the Myrmidons, into battle. Achilles warns him to return once he has driven the Trojans
from the ships. The Trojans are routed, and Patrocluss kills one of their great allies, Sarpedon , a
mortal son of Zeus. Zeus is persuaded by Hera not to intervene to save his son. Patroclus ignores
Achilles' warning and is killed by Hector with Apollo's help.
Book 17
The two sides battle over Patroclus' corpse, after Hector strips it of Achilles' armor.
Book 18
Achilles learns of Patroclus' death, and Thetis, his mother, consoles him. He wants to join the
battle, but Thetis reminds him that he has no armor. She promises to get new armor from
Hephaistos, the smith of the gods. Achilles' warcry drives the Trojans away, and the Greeks finally
recover Patroclus' body. In the Trojan camp, Hector rejects the advice of POULYDAMAS, a
counsellor that they withdraw to Troy. In the Greek camp, Achilles mourns over Patroclus. Thetis
asks Hephaistos to forge new armor for Achilles, and Homer describes the elaborate decoration of
the shield.
Book 19
Achilleus calls an assembly, puts aside his quarrel with Agamemnon, and announces his return to
battle. Agamemnon blames Zeus for their quarrel, presents gifts to Achilles, and returns Briseis to
him. They mourn for Patroclus, and Achilles, who refuses to eat, is fed by the gods. Before he
enters the battle, Achilles’ horses prophesy his death.
Book 20
Zeus urges the gods to join in the day's fighting to prevent Achilles from storming Troy "against
destiny". Achilles leads the Greeks, and fights the Trojan hero, Aineias, son of Aphrodite, who is
saved by the gods.
Book 21
Achilles brutally slaughters many Trojans in the Xanthos river, and the rivers of Troy attempt to
drown him. The gods rescue him, and battle one another, while Zeus looks on. The Trojans are
routed and flee to the city, seeking protection within its walls.
Book 22
Priam and Hekabe, beg their son, Hector, to return to the city, but he prepares to fight Achilles.
Hector panics and Achilles chases him around the walls of Troy. He makes a stand when Athene
tricks him into thinking that one of his brothers, DEIPHOBOS, is with him. Achilles kills Hector and
abuses his body by hitching it to his chariot and dragging it around the walls of Troy. Hector's
parents and wife look on and mourn his death and the inevitable destruction of Troy.
Book 23
Patroclus appears to Achilles in a dream and urges him to hold a funeral for him so that his shade
can enter Hades, the realm of the dead. Achilles hosts splendid funeral games in Patroclus' honor
and distributes prizes to the competitors in the different athletic events.
Book 24
The gods are outraged that Achilleus continues to mistreat the body of Hector by dragging it around
the Greek camp every day. They decide that Priam must be allowed to ransom the body of his son.
Thetis tells Achilleus, and the gods inspire Priam to visit Achilles' tent and beg him to accept a
splendid ransom for the body. Priam and Achilles grieve together, the body is returned to Troy, and
the Trojans mourn Hector's death.

Summary of the Story “Iliad” by Homer as a whole

In the tenth year of the Trojan War, tensions are running high among the Achaeans. First, the priest
Chryseis comes to ask their leader, King Agamemnon, to release his daughter, whom Agamemnon
was holding captive. When Agamemnon refuses, the priest prays to the god Apollo to send a plague
against the Achaeans. After nine days of plague, the Achaeans assemble again and demand that
Agamemnon give the girl back. Agamemnon eventually agrees, but only if he gets to take Briseis,
the girlfriend of Achilles, the greatest warrior of the Achaeans. Even though Achilles gives her up, he
becomes so enraged that he refuses to fight any more. That and he prays to his mother, Thetis, who
happens to be a goddess, to pull some strings with the other gods so that the Achaeans will start
getting defeated in battle and realize how much they depend on him. Achilles's mom definitely
spoils him. She gets Zeus, the king of the gods, to agree to Achilles's request. Sure enough, the next
day the Trojans makes a successful counterattack, led by Hector, their greatest warrior. Several
days of violent fighting follow, at the end of which the Trojans have the Achaeans pinned against
the beach, and are threatening to burn their ships. At this point, Achilles's best friend Patroclus asks
for permission to go into battle in Achilles's place. Achilles grants his request, and even lets him
wear his armor. Patroclus's gambit is successful —when the Trojans see him, they think he must be
Achilles and become absolutely terrified. The plan goes off the rails, however, when Hector kills
Patroclus—with the help of the god Apollo and a minor Trojan warrior named Euphorbos. Hector
then takes the armor off Patroclus's body. When Achilles learns of the death of his friend, he
experiences terrible grief and swears revenge. He sends his mother, Thetis, to get a new suit of
armor made especially for him by the fire-god, Hephaistos. The next day, Achilles re-joins the battle
and kills many Trojans, including Hector in a one-on-one battle. But Achilles isn't satisfied. For the
next few days, he continually abuses Hector's body even after Patroclus has received a proper
funeral. The gods don't like this, and send a message down to Achilles telling him to give up the
body. When the Trojan king Priam—Hector's father—comes unarmed, by night, to ask for his son's
body, Achilles agrees. The two men eat together and experience a moment of shared humanity.
Achilles grants the Trojans a grace period to perform their funeral. The poem ends with the funeral
of Hector—though we know that soon Achilles will die and Troy will be captured.
 General Objectives: Understanding character development
Tracing a character’s changes
Identifying the importance of every gaps
Developing one’s moral values
Activity I - Characterization

Instructions: Write a short will for one of the following important characters in this section of the
story. Note that writing a will does not necessarily mean that the character dies. Analyze the
different attributes of every character from the story. Consider what else can be willed in addition
to material possessions: Character traits, Hopes, Situations, etc.

Achilles:

Hector:

Patroclus:

Agamemnon:
Activity II – Story Completion

Exercise A. Instructions: Below is the summary of the epic story “Iliad” in which some important
detail were eliminated. To complete the story, fill in the missing phrase/ word that are perfectly fit
to each item. Site the missing phrases/words in the Bank of Completion as your guide.

-Achilles -pull some strings with the other gods -takes the armor off

-to fight any more -Hector -King Priam -re-joins the battle

- Trojans -Patroclus - grief and swears revenge - to ask for his son's body

Summary of the epic “Iliad”

In the tenth year of the Trojan War, tensions are running high among the Achaeans. First, the priest
Chryseis comes to ask their leader, King Agamemnon, to release his daughter, whom Agamemnon
was holding captive. When Agamemnon refuses, the priest prays to the god Apollo to send a plague
against the Achaeans. After nine days of plague, the Achaeans assemble again and demand that
Agamemnon give the girl back. Agamemnon eventually agrees, but only if he gets to take Briseis,
the girlfriend of ________, the greatest warrior of the Achaeans. Even though Achilles gives her up,
he becomes so enraged that he refuses__________________. That and he prays to his mother,
Thetis, who happens to be a goddess, to ________________________so that the Achaeans will
start getting defeated in battle and realize how much they depend on him. Achilles's mom definitely
spoils him. She gets Zeus, the king of the gods, to agree to Achilles's request. Sure enough, the next
day the _________ makes a successful counterattack, led by _______, their greatest warrior.
Several days of violent fighting follow, at the end of which the Trojans have the Achaeans pinned
against the beach, and are threatening to burn their ships. At this point, Achilles's best friend
_________asks for permission to go into battle in Achilles's place. Achilles grants his request, and
even lets him wear his armor. Patroclus's gambit is successful —when the Trojans see him, they
think he must be Achilles and become absolutely terrified. The plan goes off the rails, however,
when Hector kills Patroclus—with the help of the god Apollo and a minor Trojan warrior named
Euphorbos. Hector then _____________ Patroclus's body. When Achilles learns of the death of his
friend, he experiences terrible _________________. He sends his mother, Thetis, to get a new suit
of armor made especially for him by the fire-god, Hephaistos. The next day, Achilles
______________and kills many Trojans, including Hector in a one-on-one battle. But Achilles isn't
satisfied. For the next few days, he continually abuses Hector's body even after Patroclus has
received a proper funeral. The gods don't like this, and send a message down to Achilles telling him
to give up the body. When the Trojan ___________—Hector's father—comes unarmed, by night,
___________________, Achilles agrees. The two men eat together and experience a moment of
shared humanity. Achilles grants the Trojans a grace period to perform their funeral.

Exercise B. Instructions: Based on the story “Iliad”, answer following comprehension questions
below.

1. How did Paris, Prince of Troy, start the Trojan War?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. What did Agamemnon do that angered the god, Apollo?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. How did Agamemnon anger Achilles and what did Achilles do in response?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

4. How Achilles do punished and killed Hector?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

5. In what way King Priam asked his son’s dead body to Achilles?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Activity III- Theme Construction and Reflection

Instructions: The epic “Iliad” composes of many themes and lessons. Below is an activity that needs
discernment and comprehension. In the Column A represents every events in the story. Understand all
the events and construct a theme in each and write it in Column B. Out of each theme you constructed,
create a short reflection in the Column C.

A - EVENTS B – THEMES C - REFLECTIONS

1. Chryseis was held by 1. 1.
Agamemnon as his prize.
Chryseis’s father,
Chryses, who serves as a
priest of the god Apollo,
offers an inormous
ransom in return for his
daughter, but
Agamemnon refuses to
give Chryseis back.
2. Achilles's best friend 2. 2.
Patroclus asks for
permission to go into
battle in Achilles's place.
Achilles grants his
request, and even lets
him wear his armor.
Patroclus's gambit is
successful —when the
Trojans see him, they
think he must be Achilles
and become absolutely
terrified.
3. When Achilles learns of 3. 3.
the death of his friend,
he experiences terrible
grief and swears
revenge.

4. When the Trojan King 4. 4.

Priam—Hector's
father—comes unarmed,
to ask for his son’s body,
Achilles agrees. The two
men eat together and
experience a moment of
shared humanity.
 References

Website: https://www.shmoop.com/iliad/summary.html

http://luna.cas.usf.edu/~demilio/2211unit1/iliadplt.htm

www.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Iliad.Outline.htm