Some simple shell

Author: Daniele Pizzolli

Contact: [email protected]
Copyright: 2010 Some Rights Reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Location: Villa Sant’Ignazio — Trento
Version: Draft
Note: Please send your feedback.

Let’s find some short shell script to analize

find /bin/ /sbin/ /usr/bin/ /usr/sbin/ /etc/ 2> /dev/null | \
xargs file | grep 'shell script' | cut -d : -f 1 | \
xargs -n1 wc -l | sort -nr

It’s better to restrict ourselves to /etc

find /etc/ 2> /dev/null | \
xargs file | grep 'shell script' | cut -d : -f 1 | \
xargs -n1 wc -l | sort -nr

It’s better to restrict ourselves to /etc

for i in `find /etc/ 2> /dev/null | xargs file | grep 'shell script' | \
cut -d : -f 1 | xargs -n1 wc -l | sort -n | cut -d ' ' -f 2-`;
do;
echo "### START $i";
cat "$i";
echo "### STOP $i";
echo
echo
done \
> all.sh # NOTE: output redirect

Interesting script in your system (1)

Look at the usage of || and the source . in /etc/acpi/voldownbtn.sh

#!/bin/sh

test -f /usr/share/acpi-support/key-constants || exit 0

. /usr/share/acpi-support/key-constants
acpi_fakekey $KEY_VOLUMEDOWN

Interesting script in your system (2)

Look in /etc/init.d/single for simple parameter processing:
 #! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: single
# Required-Start: $local_fs $all killprocs
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: 1
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: executed by init(8) upon entering runlevel 1 (single).
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/sbin:/bin

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

do_start () {
■log_action_msg "Will now switch to single-user mode"
■exec init -t1 S
}

case "$1" in
start)
■do_start
■;;
restart|reload|force-reload)
■echo "Error: argument '$1' not supported" >&2
■exit 3
■;;
stop)
■# No-op
■;;
*)
■echo "Usage: $0 start|stop" >&2
■exit 3
■;;
esac

Interesting script in your system (3)

Look in /etc/acpi/thinkpad-stretchortouchpad.sh for simple choiches:

#!/bin/sh

test -f /usr/share/acpi-support/key-constants || exit 0

# Lenovo rock. They have changed the function of the Fn-F8

# combination on the LenovoPads from stretching the display (in
# hardware/BIOS) to toggling the touchpad on and off.
#
# Unfortunately they didn't bother to change the DMI strings
# consistently... so some of the new machines say 'LENOVO' and some
# still say 'IBM'. Yay for consistency(!).

# So:
# IBM && !Series60 => nothing
# IBM && Series60 => Touchpad toggle
 # LENOVO && ThinkPad => Touchpad toggle

toggle_touchpad=0

system_manufactuer=`dmidecode -s system-manufacturer`
case "$system_manufactuer" in
IBM*)
system_version=`dmidecode -s system-version`
case "$system_version" in
■ThinkPad\ [TXZ]60*)
■toggle_touchpad=1
■;;
esac
;;
LENOVO*)
toggle_touchpad=1
;;
esac

if [ "$toggle_touchpad" -ne 0 -a -x /etc/acpi/asus-touchpad.sh ] ; then

/etc/acpi/asus-touchpad.sh
fi

Interesting script in your system (4)

Look in /etc/gdm/failsafeDexconf for heredoc syntax, getopt that is different from the getopts
builtin.

#!/bin/sh

# dexconf: Debian X server configuration file writer for failsafe mode

#
# This tool is a backend which uses debconf database values. It writes an
# XFree86 X server configuration file based on the information in the database.
#
# This script is derived from the dexconf program, written by
# Branden Robinson

# Copyright 2007--2008 Canonical, Ltd.

# Copyright 2000--2004 Progeny Linux Systems, Inc.
#
# This is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2,
# or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with
# the Debian operating system, in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL; if
# not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place,
# Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
set -e

# source debconf library

. /usr/share/debconf/confmodule

# display a usage message

usage () {
cat <<EOF
Usage: $PROGNAME [OPTION ...]
write an Xorg X server configuration file based on debconf database values
Options:
-h, --help display this usage message and exit
-o FILE, --output=FILE write configuration file to FILE
This help message is intended only as a quick reference. For a description of
the usage of $PROGNAME, see the $PROGNAME(1) manual page.
EOF
}

# the error-out function

bomb () {
echo "$PROGNAME: error: $*" | fold -s -w "${COLUMNS:-80}" >&2
exit 1
}

# wrapper around db_get to ensure that the info we try to retrieve exists; it
# is (almost) always a fatal error for the values to be null
fetch () {
db_get "$1" || true
if [ -z "$RET" ]; then
ERRMSG="cannot generate configuration file; $1 not set. Aborting."
ERRMSG="$ERRMSG Reconfigure the X server with \"dpkg-reconfigure"
ERRMSG="$ERRMSG xserver-xorg\" to correct this problem."
bomb "$ERRMSG"
fi
}

# convert a debconf comma-delimited list to a shell whitespace-delimited list

list_convert () {
echo $(IFS=", "; set -- $RET; while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do echo \"$1\"; shift; done)
}

SERVER="xorg"
XF86CONFIG=/etc/X11/xorg.conf.failsafe
PROGNAME=${0##*/}
SHOWHELP=
EARLYEXIT=

GETOPT_OUTPUT=$(getopt --options ho: \

--longoptions help,output: \
-n "$PROGNAME" -- "$@")

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
bomb "error while getting options; use \"$PROGNAME --help\" for help"
fi
eval set -- "$GETOPT_OUTPUT"

while :; do
case "$1" in
-f|--format)
bomb "This option, and XFree86 3.x output, are no longer supported."
;;
-h|--help) SHOWHELP=yes EARLYEXIT=yes ;;
-o|--output) XF86CONFIG="$2"; shift ;;
--) shift; break ;;
*)
bomb "unrecognized option \"$1\"; use \"$PROGNAME --help\" for help"
;;
esac
shift
done

if [ -n "$SHOWHELP" ]; then
usage
fi

if [ -n "$EARLYEXIT" ]; then
exit 0
fi

DEXCONFTMPDIR=

trap 'if [ -e "$DEXCONFTMPDIR/backup" ] && [ -n "$XF86CONFIG" ]; then \

cat "$DEXCONFTMPDIR/backup" >"$XF86CONFIG"; \
fi; \
exec 4<&-; \
rm -rf "$DEXCONFTMPDIR"; \
bomb "received signal; aborting"' HUP INT QUIT TERM

# Set up a temporary directory for the files we'll be writing.

TDIR_PARENT="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}"
TDIR="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/dexconf-tmp-$$"

if [ ! -d "$TDIR_PARENT" ]; then
bomb "cannot create temporary work directory; \"$TDIR_PARENT\" does not" \
"exist or is not a directory"
fi

if [ ! -w "$TDIR_PARENT" ]; then
bomb "cannot create temporary work directory in \"$TDIR_PARENT\"; directory" \
"not writable"
fi

rm -rf "$TDIR"

if mkdir -m 0700 "$TDIR"; then

DEXCONFTMPDIR="$TDIR"
else
bomb "creation of temporary work directory \"$TDIR\" failed"
fi
# xorg.conf sections:
# Files File pathnames
# ServerFlags Server flags NOT USED BY DEXCONF
# Module Dynamic module loading NOT USED BY DEXCONF
# InputDevice Input device description
# Device Graphics device description
# VideoAdaptor Xv video adaptor description NOT USED BY DEXCONF
# Monitor Monitor description
# Modes Video modes descriptions NOT USED BY DEXCONF
# Screen Screen configuration
# ServerLayout Overall layout NOT USED BY DEXCONF
# DRI DRI-specific configuration NOT USED BY DEXCONF
# Vendor Vendor-specific configuration NOT USED BY DEXCONF

### HEADER

# Because debconf hijacks standard output and its confmodule uses file
# descriptor 3 for its own purposes, we will write our output to file descriptor
# 4 instead of standard output.

exec 4>"$DEXCONFTMPDIR/Header"
cat >&4 <<SECTION
# xorg.conf.failsafe (X.Org X Window System server configuration file)
#
# This file was generated by dexconf, the Debian X Configuration tool, using
# values from the debconf database.
#
# Edit this file with caution, and see the xorg.conf manual page.
# (Type "man xorg.conf" at the shell prompt.)
#
# This file is automatically updated on xserver-xorg package upgrades *only*
# if it has not been modified since the last upgrade of the xserver-xorg
# package.
#
# If you have edited this file but would like it to be automatically updated
# again, run the following command:
# sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg
SECTION

### DEVICE

db_get xserver-$SERVER/config/device/driver
DEVICE_DRIVER="$RET"
db_get xserver-$SERVER/config/device/bus_id
DEVICE_BUSID="$RET"
db_get xserver-$SERVER/config/device/use_fbdev
DEVICE_USE_FBDEV="$RET"

# Override device driver

DEVICE_DRIVER=${1:-"vesa"}

QEMU_KVM=$(grep "QEMU Virtual CPU" /proc/cpuinfo || true)

if [ -n "$QEMU_KVM" ]; then
DEVICE_DRIVER="cirrus"
fi
VBOX_VIDEO=$(grep -e "^vbox " /proc/modules || true)
if [ -n "$VBOX_VIDEO" ]; then
DEVICE_DRIVER="vboxvideo"
fi

exec 4>"$DEXCONFTMPDIR/Device"
cat >&4 <<SECTION
Section "Device"
■Identifier■"Configured Video Device"
SECTION
if [ -n "$DEVICE_DRIVER" ]; then
printf "\tDriver\t\t\"$DEVICE_DRIVER\"\n" >&4
fi
PS3_FB=$(grep -i PS3 /proc/fb 2>/dev/null || true)
if [ -n "$PS3_FB" ]; then
printf "\tOption\t\t\"ShadowFB\"\t\t\"false\"\n" >&4
fi
if [ -n "$DEVICE_BUSID" ]; then
printf "\tBusID\t\t\"$DEVICE_BUSID\"\n" >&4
fi
if [ "$DEVICE_USE_FBDEV" = "true" ]; then
printf "\tOption\t\t\"UseFBDev\"\t\t\"$DEVICE_USE_FBDEV\"\n" >&4
fi
printf "EndSection\n" >&4

### MONITOR

exec 4>"$DEXCONFTMPDIR/Monitor"
cat >&4 <<SECTION
Section "Monitor"
■Identifier■"Configured Monitor"
SECTION

if [ -n "$QEMU_KVM" ]; then
printf "\tHorizSync\t30-70\n" >&4
printf "\tVertRefresh\t50-160\n" >&4
fi
cat >&4 <<SECTION
EndSection
SECTION

### SCREEN

exec 4>"$DEXCONFTMPDIR/Screen"
cat >&4 <<SECTION
Section "Screen"
■Identifier■"Default Screen"
■Monitor■■"Configured Monitor"
■Device■■"Configured Video Device"
SECTION
if [ -n "$PS3_FB" ]; then
printf "\tDefaultFbBpp 32\n" >&4
fi
if [ -n "$QEMU_KVM" ]; then
cat >&4 <<SUBSECTION
■DefaultDepth■24
■SubSection "Display"
■■Depth■24
■■Modes■"1280x800" "1152x768" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
■EndSubSection
SUBSECTION
fi
printf "EndSection\n" >&4

# Close file descriptor 4 before we delete temporary files

exec 4<&-

# Tell debconf to stop listening to us.

db_stop

# Write the configuration file. Put a blank line before every section we write
# except the first.

OUTFILE="$DEXCONFTMPDIR/dexconf-out"
umask 022
: >"$OUTFILE"

SPACER=
for SECTION in Header Files InputDeviceKeyboard InputDeviceMouse \
Device Monitor Screen; do
if [ -e "$DEXCONFTMPDIR/$SECTION" ]; then
eval $SPACER
cat "$DEXCONFTMPDIR/$SECTION" >>"$OUTFILE"
SPACER='echo "" >>"$OUTFILE"'
fi
done

# Ensure we can write to our destination if it already exits.

if [ -e "$XF86CONFIG" ]; then
if [ ! -w "$XF86CONFIG" ]; then
bomb "unable to write to \"$XF86CONFIG\""
fi
fi

BACKUP=
# Create a backup of the existing configuration file if it already exists.
if [ -e "$XF86CONFIG" ]; then
cat "$XF86CONFIG" >"$DEXCONFTMPDIR/backup"
BACKUP=true
fi

# Move the new file into place.

if ! cat "$OUTFILE" >"$XF86CONFIG"; then
# Failed; try to restore the backup.
if [ -n "$BACKUP" ]; then
cat "$DEXCONFTMPDIR/backup" >"$XF86CONFIG"
fi
fi

rm -rf "$DEXCONFTMPDIR"

exit 0

# vim:set ai et sts=2 sw=2 tw=80:

Interesting script in your system (5)
Look for mktemp in /etc/X11/Xsession

#!/bin/sh
#
# /etc/X11/Xsession
#
# global Xsession file -- used by display managers and xinit (startx)

# $Id: Xsession 967 2005-12-27 07:20:55Z dnusinow $

set -e

PROGNAME=Xsession

message () {
# pretty-print messages of arbitrary length; use xmessage if it
# is available and $DISPLAY is set
MESSAGE="$PROGNAME: $*"
echo "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} >&2
if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ] && which xmessage > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} | xmessage -center -file -
fi
}

message_nonl () {
# pretty-print messages of arbitrary length (no trailing newline); use
# xmessage if it is available and $DISPLAY is set
MESSAGE="$PROGNAME: $*"
echo -n "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} >&2;
if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ] && which xmessage > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo -n "$MESSAGE" | fold -s -w ${COLUMNS:-80} | xmessage -center -file -
fi
}

errormsg () {
# exit script with error
message "$*"
exit 1
}

internal_errormsg () {
# exit script with error; essentially a "THIS SHOULD NEVER HAPPEN" message
# One big call to message() for the sake of xmessage; if we had two then
# the user would have dismissed the error we want reported before seeing the
# request to report it.
errormsg "$*" \
"Please report the installed version of the \"x11-common\"" \
"package and the complete text of this error message to" \
"<[email protected]>."
}

# initialize variables for use by all session scripts

OPTIONFILE=/etc/X11/Xsession.options
SYSRESOURCES=/etc/X11/Xresources
USRRESOURCES=$HOME/.Xresources

SYSSESSIONDIR=/etc/X11/Xsession.d
USERXSESSION=$HOME/.xsession
USERXSESSIONRC=$HOME/.xsessionrc
ALTUSERXSESSION=$HOME/.Xsession
ERRFILE=$HOME/.xsession-errors

# attempt to create an error file; abort if we cannot

if (umask 077 && touch "$ERRFILE") 2> /dev/null && [ -w "$ERRFILE" ] &&
[ ! -L "$ERRFILE" ]; then
chmod 600 "$ERRFILE"
elif ERRFILE=$(tempfile 2> /dev/null); then
if ! ln -sf "$ERRFILE" "${TMPDIR:=/tmp}/xsession-$USER"; then
message "warning: unable to symlink \"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER\" to" \
"\"$ERRFILE\"; look for session log/errors in" \
"\"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER\"."
fi
else
errormsg "unable to create X session log/error file; aborting."
fi

# truncate ERRFILE if it is too big to avoid disk usage DoS

if [ "`stat -c%s \"$ERRFILE\"`" -gt 500000 ]; then
T=`mktemp -p "$HOME"`
tail -c 500000 "$ERRFILE" > "$T" && mv -f "$T" "$ERRFILE" || rm -f "$T"
fi

exec >>"$ERRFILE" 2>&1

echo "$PROGNAME: X session started for $LOGNAME at $(date)"

# sanity check; is our session script directory present?

if [ ! -d "$SYSSESSIONDIR" ]; then
errormsg "no \"$SYSSESSIONDIR\" directory found; aborting."
fi

# Attempt to create a file of non-zero length in /tmp; a full filesystem can

# cause mysterious X session failures. We do not use touch, :, or test -w
# because they won't actually create a file with contents. We also let standard
# error from tempfile and echo go to the error file to aid the user in
# determining what went wrong.
WRITE_TEST=$(tempfile)
if ! echo "*" >>"$WRITE_TEST"; then
message "warning: unable to write to ${WRITE_TEST%/*}; X session may exit" \
"with an error"
fi
rm -f "$WRITE_TEST"

# use run-parts to source every file in the session directory; we source

# instead of executing so that the variables and functions defined above
# are available to the scripts, and so that they can pass variables to each
# other
SESSIONFILES=$(run-parts --list $SYSSESSIONDIR)
if [ -n "$SESSIONFILES" ]; then
set +e
for SESSIONFILE in $SESSIONFILES; do
. $SESSIONFILE
done
set -e
fi

exit 0

# vim:set ai et sts=2 sw=2 tw=80: