M/S BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED

( BP C L ) ,
DISTT- SAHARANPUR (UTTAR PRADESH)

REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR M/S BHARAT

PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED (BPCL)
(CNG MOTHER STATION AND CGS)

Submitted by:

HARYANA TEST HOUSE

& Consultancy Services
NABL ACCREDITED LABORATORY
50-C, Sector-25, Part-II, HUDA, PANIPAT-132104 (HR), Ph.: (M) +91 86077-70160, (O) 0180-2671112
E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], Web Site : www.haryanatesthouse.net

Recognition/Accreditation: MoEF/ NABL/ BIS/ FSSAI / PPCB/ ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Lab.

0
 INDEX

Sr. No. CHAPTER PAGE No.

1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Scope of work 2
3.0 Investigation Conducted 2
4.0 Field Tests 4
5.0 Laboratory Tests 4
6.0 Test Results 6
7.0 SBC Methodology 7
8.0 Recommendations 10
9.0 Closure and References 12
10.0 Log of Boreholes, GSD Curves 13-16
Results of Chemical Analysis, SBC Calculations

1
1. INTRODUCTION

There is a proposal by M/s Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) CNG Mother Station
and CGS, Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh. Foundation soil investigation is required to know the
type of substrata and the safe bearing capacity of soil at the site of proposed structures for
design of foundation.

The job for boring bore holes, in-situ testing, soil sampling and determination of safe bearing
capacity (SBC) was awarded to M/s Haryana Test House & Consultancy Services, 50-C, Sector-
25, Part-II, HUDA, Panipat (Haryana).

2. SCOPE OF WORK
1. Drilling of one no. of borehole of 100 mm diameter up to a depth of 6.00m below existing
ground surface or refusal whichever occurs earlier.

2. Conducting Standard Penetration Test at 1.5 m depth interval or at change of strata.

3. Collection of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from drill holes at 3.0m depth interval.

4. Recording of Ground Water Table upto the depth of investigation.

5. Conducting various relevant laboratory tests on soil samples collected from boreholes.

6. Calculation of Safe Bearing Capacity of soil sub stratum.

7. Preparation and submission of 2 copies of this technical report with analysis and all relevant
data.

3. INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED

This report contains the details of field investigations, Laboratory tests, analysis of field and
laboratory test data and the recommendations based upon them.

2
 The various results have been presented under two heads, i.e.

(i) The field tests

(ii) The laboratory tests

3.1 THE FIELD TESTS INCLUDE:

(a) Boring: Boring at the proposed site for the purpose of obtaining soil samples from every
stratum encountered by the boring tools. 150 mm dia boreholes were drilled by bailer and
augur technique.
(b) Sampling: Depending upon the type of soil, both disturbed & undisturbed samples were
collected. They are needed for various tests to be conducted in the laboratory.
(c) SPT: Standard Penetration tests (SPT) is meant for measuring the penetration resistance of the
soil, which is measure of its bearing capacity insitu. This test is particularly suited to
cohesionless soils which are difficult and expensive to be sampled in the undisturbed state.

3.2 THE LABORATORY TESTS INCLUDE :

(a) Bulk Density, Dry Density and Moisture Content of the soil samples at various levels for the
estimation of overburden correction in the observed penetration resistance of the soil and for
bearing capacity computation from shear failure consideration.
(b) Grain Size Analysis (sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis) of the soil samples for the purpose
of soil classification and preparation of Log of the boreholes.
(c) Atterberg Limits Test i.e. the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of fine grained soils
passing through 425 micron IS sieve. They give an idea about the type of soil and consistency of
soil, i.e. the degree of firmness of a soil to bear external loads imposed on it.
(d) Shear Strength Parameters: i.e. the soil cohesion (c) and its angle of internal friction (φ). These
are needed for the estimation of bearing capacity (B.C.) from shear consideration by
Triaxial/Direct shear Methods.
(e) Consolidation Properties: The consolidation parameters are required for knowing the ultimate
settlements of clayey strata.
Specific Gravity Tests: to check specific gravity of soil particles.

3
4. FIELD TESTS
The purpose of various field tests required during sub-surface explorations for the foundation
of a structure has already been discussed; a brief discussion of these tests is given below:

4.1 BORING AND SAMPLING

Boring was done at one locations up to 6.00m depth from ground level at the site of proposed
construction of a Petroleum Retail Outlet (Petrol Pump) of M/s Bharat Petroleum Corporation
Limited (BPCL) CNG Mother Station and CGS, Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh. These boreholes
have been designated as B.H. 1 and B.H. 2.

Representative soil samples were collected from this borehole at a vertical interval of 1.5m or
from depth at which a change in stratum occurred. Disturbed soil samples were collected from
SPT sampler while undisturbed soil samples were collected in a Shelby tube (a thin tube
sampler) of 38 mm dia and 450 mm long by inserting these tubes in the soil with hydraulic
pressure to minimize disturbance. The soil samples were sealed by wax on both sides to avoid
any moisture loss and transported to laboratory.

Depending upon the type of soil strata exists in the borehole; a number of undisturbed &
disturbed soil samples were collected.

4.2 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

The boring was supplemented by standard penetration tests (S.P.T.) at 1.5 m interval from top
to drilled depth in the bore hole. These tests were conducted in accordance with the procedure
laid down in IS:2131-1981 “Method of Standard Penetration Tests for soils” and N-Values (Soil
Penetration resistance) were obtained by driving a split spoon sampler 30cm into the ground
after giving 15 cm of initial seating drive at respective intervals or at change of strata. N value is
the number of blows required to penetrate the SPT sampler 30 cm in the sub strata when it is
subjected to an impact load given by a 63.5 kg hammer when it falls freely from 75 cm height.

5. LABORATORY TESTS

To know about the type of soil and to confirm & supplement the information obtained from
field tests about the nature of soils strata, laboratory tests as given below were conducted on
the soil samples collected from the boreholes at the time of drilling.

4
5.1 BULK DENSITY TEST
Bulk density determinations were carried out on undisturbed soil samples collected from the
boreholes. The results of dry density are calculated from bulk density.

5.2 MOISTURE CONTENT

Moisture Content of undisturbed soil samples was determined by oven drying method to find
out In situ Dry Density of soil.

5.3 PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOIL

This was done as per IS: 2720 (Part-IV) – 1985. Samples collected from the borehole were
subjected to mechanical analysis for particle size distribution and classification of the soil at
proposed site. The analysis was done by wet sieving for particles bigger than 75 micron and by
hydrometer analysis for particles finer than 75 micron. Grain size distribution curves of all the
soil samples were plotted and are given in figures.

5.4 ATTERBERG LIMITS

For fine-grained cohesive soils, the soil consistency was determined to check their firmness.
This was done by determining the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of such soil
samples according to the procedure laid down in IS :2720 Part-V – 1985, “Determination of
Liquid and Plastic Limits”.

5.5 SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS

The Shear strength Parameters were determined by Direct Shear tests and Triaxial tests. Direct
Shear tests were conducted on cohesionless soils by packing them at insitu density in a
remoulded state and at saturated conditions. These shear parameters are important from the
point of view to check the bearing capacity of the soil of proposed site against shear failure and
also for the design of foundation.

5.6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

Specific Gravity of all the undisturbed soil samples was determined by specific gravity bottles

5
5.7 CONSOLIDATION PARAMETERS
Consolidation tests were performed on clayey soil samples on which consolidation settlement
is expected. These are important in finding out immediate and final settlement of the sub soil
due applied loads. In this borehole, the soil strata consist of cohesionless soil and hence no
consolidation settlement is expected. Hence, no consolidation tests were performed for those
boreholes having strata of cohesionless soils.

5.8 WATER TABLE

Water Table of bore hole was recorded when it was stabilized. It is the average of daily
measurement which was taken before start of drilling work for next day. The water table was
NOT met up to a drilled depth of 6.00m in the boreholes at the site of proposed construction of
BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet (Petrol Pump) at CNG Mother Station and CGS, Saharanpur in
Uttar Pradesh during investigation period in the month of June, 2019. However, for calculation
purpose, a water table correction factor of 0.5 has been applied as water table may rise during
rainy season.

6. TESTS RESULTS

The results of sub-surface explorations of borehole at the site of the proposed construction
of BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet (Petrol Pump) at CNG Mother Station and CGS, Saharanpur in
Uttar Pradesh show that stratum in general consisted of silts and sand.

Stratum of borehole, BH-1, consist of Silty Sandy Soil (of SM-ML group) from GL to 2.25m
depth, Silty Sand (of SM group) from 2.25m to 4.50m depth and Silty Fine Sand (of SP-SM
group) from 8.50m to 10.00m depth.

SPT Data shows that the stratum of this locations has a medium bearing capacity
throughout the depth. The accurate stratum of each borehole is shown in the log of boreholes.

The results obtained from field and laboratory investigations carried out on soil samples
collected from the borehole at the proposed site are discussed below:

6
6.1 BULK UNIT WEIGHT
The average bulk density, insitu moisture content and dry density of the undisturbed soil
sample collected from these boreholes is tabulated in Table-1 of each borehole.

6.2 ATTERBERG LIMITS

The Liquid Limit (L.L.), Plastic Limit (P.L.) and Plasticity Index (P.I.) for various fine-grained soil
samples collected from these boreholes is tabulated in Table-1 of each borehole.

6.3 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

The results of Grain Size analysis of the soil samples collected from the borehole are tabulated
in Table-1.
The description of various soil strata encountered in the borehole upto a depth of 6.00m below
O.G.L. is shown in Log of Borehole. The I.S. Classification for various soils is also shown in these
Tables & Log of Borehole.

6.4 SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS

Direct shear tests were performed on some selected soil samples in saturated conditions from
each borehole. The samples having some clay were tested by triaxial test. The results of these
Shear tests on Soil Samples collected from various depths are given in Table-1 of each
borehole.

6.5 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

The result of these tests for the boreholes have been calculated and plotted as Penetration
Resistance (P.R.) Curves for observed penetration resistance (N-Values) as well as corrected
penetration resistance (N-Values) in Log of each borehole. The observed values of ‘N’ have
been corrected for overburden pressure by the following formula.

N` = (0.77 log 10 20/p ) N …………. (1)

7
where N = observed value for penetration resistance in no. of blows per 30cm

penetration of sampler.

N` = Value of penetration resistance corrected for overburden pressure

p = Overburden pressure in Kg/cm2

N values have also been corrected for water table wherever applicable.

7. COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY

A properly designed foundation must satisfy the following basic requirements:

(i) Foundation must be safe against the shear failure of the supporting soil.
(ii) The settlement of foundation must be within permissible limit.

The bearing capacities have been determined separately to satisfy both the above mentioned
requirements and the smaller of the two values has been recommended as the allowable
bearing capacity.

7.1 BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS

In shear, a foundation can fail in any of the three different ways viz.

(i) Local shear failure

(ii) General shear failure
(iii) In between the above two

The local Shear Failure is assumed to occur for φ less than 28.5° & general shear failure
for φ>36° & between these limiting value of φ, interpolated values for local & general shear
failure can be determined. In this case bearing capacity for shear failure consideration has been
determined.

8
 Adopting a square spread foundation of width 2.00m and taking the depths 1.50 m to
6.00 m below O.G.L. and using Eq.2 below as per IS:6403-1981 “Determination of Bearing
Capacity of Shallow Foundation” the bearing capacity has been determined.

qa = 1/F[2/3 C N`c sc dc ic+ γ Df (N`q-1) sq dq iq + 0.5 γBN`γ sγ dγ iγW’] + γ Df

……………. (2)

where qa = Allowable Safe Bearing Capacity

F = Factor of safety taken as 2.5

Cm = Modified cohesive strength

γ = Unit Weight of Soil

Df = Depth of foundation

B = Width of foundation

N`c, N`q, N`γ = Modified bearing capacity factors

sc, sq, sγ = Shape factors

dc, dq, dγ = Depth factors

ic, iq ,iγ = Inclination factor

7.2 BEARING CAPACITY FROM SETTLEMENT CRITERIA

The net allowable Bearing Capacity based on the maximum settlement of foundation to 50 mm
has been computed as per IS: 8009.

The foundation should not settle or deflect to an extent causing damage to structure or impair
its usefulness. The bearing capacity calculation for foundation shall be governed by IS 1904-
1986, IS 6403-1981, and I.S. 8009-1981 (part-I & II) - 1976 on the basis of available information
regarding the proposed design have been done.

9
8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The SBC for foundation sub stratum (Size and Type of Foundation – 2.00m Isolated) was
determined by taking into considerations the various sizes and shape of foundation by
settlement and shear criteria. The lower values of safe bearing capacities calculated from above
two criteria i.e. from settlement criteria and shear failure criteria has been recommended for
adoption.

(a) The results of sub-surface explorations of borehole at the site of the proposed construction
of BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet (Petrol Pump) at CNG Mother Station and CGS, Saharanpur
in Uttar Pradesh show that stratum in general consisted of silts and sand.

(b) Stratum of borehole, BH-1, consist of Silty Sandy Soil (of SM-ML group) from GL to 2.25m
depth, Silty Sand (of SM group) from 2.25m to 4.50m depth and Silty Fine Sand (of SP-SM
group) from 8.50m to 10.00m depth.

(c) SPT Data shows that the stratum of this locations has a medium bearing capacity throughout
the depth.

(d) Water table was NOT met up to a drilled depth of 6.00m in the borehole drilled, during
investigation period.

(e) If required, SBC of another depth, it may be interpolated.

(f) Factor of Safety is taken equal to 2.5.

(g) Max permissible settlement = 50mm

10
 Recommended Safe Bearing Capacity

S.No. DEPTH SAFE BEARING CAPACITY

(Ton/Sq.mtr.)

Net Gross
1. 1.5 m 9.4 11.9

2. 2.0 m 9.8 13.2

3. 2.5 m 9.9 14.2

4. 3.0 m 10.1 15.2

5. 3.5 m 10.3 16.2

6. 4.0 m 10.4 17.2

7. 4.5 m 10.6 18.2

9.0 ABBREVIATION USED

UDS = Undisturbed Soil Sample

DIR = Direct Shear Test

TxCU = Triaxial Shear Test

C = Cohesion

φ = Angle of Shearing Resistance

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10. REFERENCES

1. IS 6403 – 1981: Code of Practice for Determination of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations.

2. IS 8009 (Part I) - 1978: Code of Practice for Calculation of Settlements of Foundations.

3. IS: 1904-1978 “Structural Safety For Buildings: Shallow Foundation”.

4. Foundation Design Manual, N. V. Nayak, 4th Edition, 1996.

5. Foundation Analysis and Design, Joseph E. Bowels.

6. IS-1498, IS-2131, IS-2132, IS-1892 and Various Parts of IS-2720

11.0 CLOSURE

We appreciate the opportunity given to M/s Haryana Test House & Consultancy Services, 50-C,
Sector-25, Part-II, HUDA, Panipat (Haryana) to conduct the soil investigation (lab and field tests)
and to submit this technical report. This presented report is based on observations made in
field and tests conducted on samples collected from one borehole and as briefed by driller-in-
charge. In case of any deviation in soil strata from reported one or abnormal/abrupt change in
soil sub strata is noticed during actual excavation, kindly contact us before proceeding with
further construction to take remedial measure, if any, required for safety of structure.

FOR M/S HARYANA TEST HOUSE, 50-C, SECTOR-25, PART-II, HUDA, PANIPAT (HARYANA)

***********

12
 LOG OF BOREHOLE, BH-1

NAME OF WORK
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR BPCL PETROLEUM RETAIL OUTLET AT SAHARANPUR IN
UTTAR PRADESH
(CNG Mother Station and CGS, Saharanpur)
BH NO. DATE OF DRILLING TERMINAL DEPTH WATER TABLE (m)

1 26.06.2019 6.00 m Nil

DESCRIPTION OF STRATA

IS SOIL CLASSIFICATION
CORRECTED N VALUE
OBSERVED N VALUE

SAMPLE DEPTH IN M
DEPTH IM m

SAMPLE TYPE

STANDARD PENETRATION
LOG RESISTANCE CURVE

0 5 10 15 20 25
0.0
0.00
Observed N Values
Corrected N values
0.5
0.50
DS-1 0.75-1.10
SILTY SOIL

0.00-2.25

1.0
1.00
SM-ML

1.5
1.50 6 8.5 SPT-1 1.50-1.95

2.0
2.00
UDS-1 2.25-2.55
SILTY SAND (YAMUNA SAND)

2.50 2.5

3.00 7 8.6 SPT-2 3.00-3.45 3.0

2.25-4.50

SM
3.50 3.5

UDS-2 3.75-4.05
4.00 4.0

4.50 8 8.9 SPT-3 4.50-4.95 4.5

5.00 5.0
SILTY FINE SAND

UDS-3 5.25-5.55
4.50-6.45

5.50 5.5
SP-SM

6.00 10 9.9 SPT-4 6.00-6.45 6.0

6.50 TERMINATED AT 6.45m DEPTH 6.5

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 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS, BH-1

DENSITY &
ATTERBERG SHEAR
BH NO.1 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS MOISTURE
LIMITS PARAMETERS
CONTENT

0.425-2.00 med SAND

MOISTURE CONTENT
SAMPLE DEPTH IN M

0.075-0.425 fine SAND

GRAVEL

PLASTICITY INDEX
coarse
SAND
CLAY

BULK DENSITY
SILT

PLASTIC LIMIT

DRY DENSITY
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE NO.

TEST TYPE
c
0.002-0.075
<0.002 MM

>4.75 MM
2.00-4.75
2
% % % % % % % % % gm/cc % gm/cc kg/cm deg.

0.75-1.10 DS-1 5.8 40.6 41.2 9.7 2.7 0.0 20.2 NP - - - - - -

2.25-2.55 UDS-1 4.6 29.2 45.6 14.7 5.9 0.0 20.8 NP 1.702 6.6 1.597 DIR 0.00 30.2

3.75-4.05 UDS-2 3.7 21.5 52.8 12.4 7.3 2.3 21.3 NP 1.706 7.2 1.591 DIR 0.00 30.5

4.50-4.95 SPT-3 0.0 11.1 57.6 20.4 7.8 3.1 20.4 NP - - - - - -

5.25-5.55 UDS-3 0.0 10.3 59.2 23.8 6.7 0.0 20.7 NP 1.711 8.3 1.580 DIR 0.00 30.8

14
 SAFE BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS
BASED ON SHEAR CRITERIA, BH-1

BH NO.1 Type of Foundation = Open, Spread,Square Water Table Correction factor = 0.5

Net Safe Bearing Capacity

BC3=0.5. B.N .d .s .i W'
Bearing Capacity Factors

BC2= D.(Nq-1).dq.sq.iq
Depth of Foundation, m

Total Bearing Capacity

Resistance ' ' degree

BC1=2/3c.Nc.dc.sc.ic
Length of Footing, m

Bulk Density of Soil,

S.B.C.(Net)=BC/FOS
Width of Footing, m

BC=BC1+BC2+BC3
Angle of Shearing

Bearing Capacity
Cohesion 'c' t/m2

Bearing Capacity

Bearing Capacity
Shape Factors
Depth Factors
gm/cc

2
D L B c Nc' Nq' N ' dc dq d sc sq s BC1 BC2 BC3 T/m
1.5 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 19.1 4.3 23.4 9.4
2.0 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 25.4 4.3 29.8 11.9
2.5 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 31.8 4.3 36.1 14.5
3.0 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 38.2 4.3 42.5 17.0
3.5 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 44.5 4.3 48.9 19.5
4.0 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 50.9 4.3 55.2 22.1
4.5 2.0 2.0 1.702 0.0 30.2 16.0 7.2 6.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 57.2 4.3 61.6 24.6

SAFE BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS

BASED ON SETTLEMENT CRITERIA, BH-1
ABP in
Settlement
kg/sq.cm for
in mm by
Corrected allowed 50
Width of applying
Average N settlemnt in mm Net ABP in
Depth in m Foundation, 1kg/sq.cm
Value mm by settlement = T/sq.m
m pressure as
applying w' (50/
IS: 8009
corrected
(Part-I)
settlement)
2 2
D N B mm mm kg/cm T/m
1.5 8.5 2.0 26.1 52.3 0.96 9.6
2.0 2.0 By Interpolation 9.8
2.5 2.0 By Interpolation 9.9
3.0 8.6 2.0 24.7 49.3 1.01 10.1
3.5 2.0 By Interpolation 10.3
4.0 2.0 By Interpolation 10.4
4.5 8.9 2.0 23.7 47.4 1.06 10.6

15
 RECOMMENDED SAFE BEARING CAPACITY, BH-1

Net SBC

Depth width of Footing

Shear Criteria Settlement Criteria Recommended

2 2 2
m m T/m T/m T/m
1.5 2.0 9.4 9.6 9.4
2.0 2.0 11.9 9.8 9.8
2.5 2.0 14.5 9.9 9.9
3.0 2.0 17.0 10.1 10.1
3.5 2.0 19.5 10.3 10.3
4.0 2.0 22.1 10.4 10.4
4.5 2.0 24.6 10.6 10.6

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVES, BH-1

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0
Percent Finer

50.0

40.0
BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet/Saharanpur
(UP)/BH NO.1/DS-1
30.0 BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet/Saharanpur
(UP)/BH NO.1/UDS-1
BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet/Saharanpur
(UP)/BH NO.1/UDS-2
20.0 BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet/Saharanpur
(UP)/BH NO.1/SPT-3
BPCL Petroleum Retail Outlet/Saharanpur
10.0 (UP)/BH NO.1/UDS-3

0.0
0.001 0.01 0.1 Particle Size, mm1 10

16