Revised according to the updated edition

Key to
An Easy Approach to

GRAMMAR
and 4
COMPOSITION

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 1. ALPHABETICAL ORDER
A. 1. Write five words beginning with m :
man, metal, mason, member, manner
2. Arrange the above words in alphabetical order :
man, manner, mason, member, metal
B. 1. Write five words beginning with s :
school, scooter, son, sun, soap
2. Arrange the above words in alphabetical order :
school, scooter, soap, son, sun
C. 1. Write five words beginning with ch :
check, cheap, chips, chief, china
2. Arrange the above words in alphabetical order :
cheap, check, chief, china, chips
D. Put each set of words in A, B, C... order :
1. scarce slash spray station sweep
2. shatter shine shopping shower shyness
3. meadow meals mean measure meat
4. throat throb throne through throw
E. Arrange each set of words in alphabetical order :
1. apple banana guava mango pineapple
2. chillies gourd okra onion pumpkin

2. SENTENCES
A. 1. What is a sentence ?
A sentence is a set or group of words that makes complete
sense.
2. Name the four different ways in which sentences
are used :
To make statements To ask questions
To issue commands To make exclamations
3. A sentence begins with a capital letter.

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 3. STATEMENTS AND QUESTIONS
A. What is a statement ? Give two examples.
A statement is a sentence that states an action, a fact or a
happening. It may be a positive or a negative sentence.
1. The earth is round, not flat.
2. Our region suffered from heavy floods this year.
B. What is a question ? Give two examples.
A question is a sentence that asks something.
1. How are you feeling now ?
2. What colour is the sky ?

4. COMMANDS AND EXCLAMATIONS

A. What is an imperative sentence ? Name the four kinds
of imperative sentence.
An imperative sentence expresses command, request, advice
or proposal.
B. Write two sentences showing a command.
1. Be quiet.
2. Stop here itself.
C. Write two sentences showing a request.
1. Please give me a loan of rupees one hundred.
2. Please let me have your pen for a minute.
D. Write two sentences showing an advice.
1. Obey your parents respectfully.
2. Make your vehicle free from pollution.
E. Write two sentences showing a proposal.
1. My proposal in this matter was agreed to in the meeting.
2. The proposal to invite Pakistan for talks on this issue is
not acceptable to India.
F. What is an exclamation ? Give four examples.
An exclamation expresses a sudden strong feeling or emotion
of joy, sorrow, wonder, regret, contempt or approval.
Look !, Help !, Danger ! and Watch !

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G. Read each sentence and write what it expresses. Also
write its kind :
1. March forward, my soldiers. Imperative–Command
2. Kindly help me with some money. Imperative–Request
3. Let us go boating in the canal. Imperative–Proposal
4. What a beautiful scene ! Exclamation–Wonder
5. Alas ! We have lost the match. Exclamation–Sorrow

TEST YOURSELF
A. Write in alphabetical order :
salt season ship slate stable
B. What is a sentence ? Name its four kinds.
A sentence is a set or group of words that makes complete
sense.
1. Statement, 2. Question, 3. Command, 4. Exclamation
C. Read each sentence carefully and name its kind in
the given blank :
1. The sun rises in the east every morning. Statement
2. Let us have a stroll in cool moonlight. Imperative
3. Kindly help me with some money. Imperative
4. May God give you success in
your business ! Optative
5. Look before you leap. Imperative
6. Alas ! I am undone. Exclamation
7. March ahead and fire, my soldiers. Imperative
8. Can you lift this heavy stone ? Question
9. Books are our best companions. Statement
10. No other planet has life on it
as our earth has. Statement
D. Complete each sentence as directed in brackets.
1. R.N. Tagore was a famous author. (statement)
2. What is the time by your watch ? (question)
3. Always be ready to help others. (advice)
4. Be off my eyes. (command)
5. Lend me your book, please. (request)

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E. Answer :
1. Full stop
2. Interrogation mark
3. Full stop
4. Exclamation mark

5. PARTS OF A SENTENCE
A. Sort out the subject and the predicate in each
sentence :
Subject Predicate
1. Sheela – has a very good memory.
2. Bad habits – grow unconsciously.
3. The early bird – catches the worm.
4. He – was very kind to the poor.
5. Aladin – had a wonderful lamp.
6. Akbar – was the greatest Mughal emperor.
B. Underline the real subject in each sentence and write
it in the blank :
1. All roads lead to Rome. roads
2. A wheel of the cart came off suddenly. wheel
3. May God forgive you for your sins ! God
4. Borrowed garments never fit well. garments
5. The hind legs of a camel are crooked. legs
6. The trunk of an elephant is very useful to it. trunk
C. Supply a subject for each blank :
1. The earth revolves round the sun.
2. A mango smells very sweet.
3. The stars twinkle in the sky.
4. The Himalayas lie in the north of India.
5. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his
wife.
6. The top of this table is round in shape.
D. Supply a verb for each blank :
1. Hercules is famous for his strength.
2. We celebrate Deepawali all over India.
3. A donkey carries heavy loads.
4. Horses pull tongas and buggies for us.

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 5. Cleanliness ranks next to godliness.
6. Cows have front teeth in the upper jaw only.
7. Gandhiji is called the father of the nation.

6. WORD – CLASSES
A. Fill up each blank with a suitable word. Also write in
the other blank what part of speech this word is :
Sentences Parts of Speech
1. Hari is a good boy. Adjective
2. The child is weeping loudly. Adverb
3. He is poor, but honest. Conjunction
4. The thief jumped over the fence. Preposition
5. Sheela’s uncle lives in Bangalore. Verb
6. I have sent him a present. Pronoun
7. The sun is the chief source of
energy. Determiner
8. Hurray ! daddy has brought toys
for me. Interjection
9. Mangoes and oranges are juicy
fruits. Noun

7. PARSING
A. Which part of speech is the word printed in bold type ?
1. My uncle sent me a birthday-present. Determiner
2. A good horse can trot or run fast. Conjunction
3. The rabbit is hiding under the bush. Preposition
4. The eagle is the king of birds. Noun
5. The pigeons flew away with the net. Verb
6. He is old yet he can run fast. Conjunction
7. Hush ! the baby is sleeping soundly. Interjection
8. I always do my homework carefully. Adverb
9. Tall trees do not give much shade. Adjective

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 8. NOUNS – CONCRETE, ABSTRACT
A. What is a concrete noun ? Give four examples.
Concrete nouns are things made up of matter that can be
touched. Ex. man, chair, house, computer
B. What is an abstract noun ? Give four examples.
Abstract nouns are things which can be thought of only.
Ex. smell, poverty, fatness, strength

9. NOUNS – PROPER, COMMON

A. What is a proper noun ? Give four examples.
A proper noun is a name given to a particular person or
place. Taj Mahal, Himalayas, Ganges, Ritu.
B. What is a common noun ? Give four examples.
A common noun is a name given to persons or things of the
same class. Cow, dog, fruit, tree.
C. Each sentence has a common noun and a proper noun.
Sort them out and write them in their columns :
Sentences Common Proper
Nouns Nouns
1. The Yamuna flows through
many towns. towns The Yamuna
2. India is the best land of all. land India
3. The Ramayana is a famous
holy book. book The Ramayana
4. Maruti is a popular car. car Maruti
5. New Delhi is the national
capital. capital New Delhi
6. The Rajputs are true warriors. warriors The Rajputs
D. Use the following common nouns in your own
sentences :
1. carpenter The carpenter does manual work.
2. village There is a government school in our village.
3. soldier The soldiers are put on hard duties during
war.
4. stranger A stranger is an unknown person.

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E. Use the following proper nouns in your own
sentences :
1. Mumbai Mumbai is one of the metropolitan cities of
India.
2. Taj Mahal Taj Mahal was built by Shah jahan in
memory of his wife.
3. The Ganga The Ganga is a holy river of the Hindus.
4. London London is one of the most famous cities of
the world.

10. WHAT THEY DO FOR US

A. Read each word-group and write the correct word
against it :
1. A person who sells bread and biscuits Baker
2. A person who makes furniture Carpenter
3. A person who makes articles in iron Ironsmith
4. A person who drives a vechile Driver
5. A person who runs a shop Shopkeeper
6. A person who does electric jobs Electrician
7. A person who repairs taps and pipes Plumber
8. A person who brings us our mail Postman
9. A person who keeps an eye on bad
characters Policeman
10. A person who puts out fire in
fire-accidents Fire-man
11. A person who cures us when we
are unwell Doctor
12. A person who teaches in a school Teacher

11. NOUNS – COLLECTIVE

A. What is a collective noun ? Give four examples.
It is the name of collection of common nouns.
Class, army, bunch, gang
B. Use the following collective nouns in your own
sentences :
1. flock A flock of sheep passes by our house daily.

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 2. team A team should always play in high spirit.
3. shoal There is a shoal of fish in the village pond.
4. grove Our park has a grove of trees.
C. Each sentence has a collective noun and a common
noun. Sort them out and write them in their columns :
Sentences Collective Common
Noun Noun
1. The tea-set is on the table. tea-set table
2. A pack of hounds passed by me. pack hounds
3. A flock of sheep is grazing. flock sheep
4. The lioness bore a small litter. litter lioness
5. He found a shoal of fish. shoal fish
6. A pride of lions was going there. pride lions
7. There was a herd of catttle in
the field. herd cattle
8. A pack of wolves went up
the river. pack wolves
9. There was a bunch of keys
on the table. bunch keys
10. A troop of monkeys descended
the scene. troop monkeys

12. ABSTRACT NOUNS

A. Sort out the abstract noun in each sentence and write
it in the blank :
1. Honesty never goes unrewarded, they say. honesty
2. Pride has always to lick dust finally. pride
3. The child began to jump out of joy. joy
4. The Taj Mahal is a model of beauty. beauty
5. Our deeds bring us good or bad rewards. deeds
6. Virtue cannot be bought for money. virtue
7. Humayun was a model of kindness. kindness
8. We should never let sorrow overtake us. sorrow
B. Make abstract nouns from the following nouns :
friend friendship slave slavery
carpenter carpentry beggar beggary
coward cowardice king kingship

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C. Make abstract nouns from the following adjectives :
patient patience false falsehood
real reality deep depth
holy holiness able ability
D. Make abstract nouns from the following verbs :
attract attraction deceive deception
hate hatred choose choice
invade invasion educate education
E. Complete the synonym of each given abstract noun :
gain PROFIT joy GAIETY
grief SORROW tallness HEIGHT
war BATTLE chum FRIEND
F. Complete the opposite of each given abstract noun :
proud HUMBLE happiness SORROW
ugliness BEAUTY folly WISDOM
stupid CLEVER love HATRED

13. NOUNS – NUMBER

A. Give the plural form of each of these words :
day days church churches
monkey monkeys mango mangoes
stereo stereos cliff cliffs
loss losses photo photos
crowd crowds baby babies
child children gentleman gentlemen
wife wives half halves
B. Rewrite changing the number of the noun in each of
these sentences :
1. I could hear the cries of the children.
2. The horses eat grains but the cows eat grass.
3. Bird builds its nest in tree.
4. My books are in my desks.
5. Dogs bark and cats mew.
6. The boys threw stones at the birds.

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C. Choose the correct word from the brackets :
1. Houses have roofs.
2. She wants some more rice.
3. Cows give us milk.
4. She has two babies.
5. There are many knives on the table.
6. Here are two books.
7. Ram and Shyam are friends.

14. NOUNS – GENDER

A. Show the gender of each of the following nouns
marking ‘M’ for masculine, ‘F’ for feminine, ‘C’ for
common and ‘N’ for neuter genders :
house N chair N tree N actor M
heir M stone N duke M book N
friend C hunter M cousin C bird C
B. Write the feminine gender of the following nouns :
priest priestess duke duchess prince princess
bull-calf cow-calf actor actress heir heiress
traitor traitress manservant maidservant nephew niece
monk nun sir madam drake duck
C. Write the masculine gender of the following nouns :
widow widower sow boar hen-sparrow cock-sparrow
negress negro goose gander ewe ram
hostess host princess prince governess governor
lady gentleman countess count tigers tiger
D. Rewrite each sentence changing the gender of the
words in italics :
1. This farmer has oxen, he buffaloes, she-goats and hens.
2. Tigresses, vixens, lionesses and peahens live in forests.
E. Write five words of common gender :
parent child friend servant cousin

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15. PRONOUNS : PERSONAL, REFLEXIVE
A. Find out the personal pronoun in each sentence and
write it in the blank. Also write its person.
Sentences Pronoun Person
1. They have gone boating in the river. They third
2. This blue shirt is hers. hers third
3. Look before you leap. you second
4. Those toy-guns are theirs. theirs third
5. She is a tall slim lady. she third
6. All of them are real brothers. them third
7. Let us play a friendly cricket match. us first
8. I do not believe at all. I first
9. We must learn how to live peacefully. we first
10. The lady hanged herself from the fan. herself third
B. Fill up each blank with a suitable personal pronoun.
The first one is done for you.
1. Have a long morning walk daily. You will soon regain
health.
2. Neena teased me and I slapped her.
3. We enjoyed our holidays very much at Shimla.
4. They went to the fair and enjoyed swing-rides there.
5. My dog is named Moti. It is very faithful.
6. She called me bad names for no fault of mine.
7. We shall go to see the exhibition on Sunday.

16. PRONOUNS : INTERROGATIVE, RELATIVE

A. Sort out the interrogative or relative pronoun in each
sentence and also name its kind in the given blank :
Sentences Pronouns Kinds
1. What have you got in
your hand ? What Interrogative
2. Whom were you talking of ? Whom Interrogative
3. That is the boy who lent
me his pen. Who Relative
4. What is this noise about ? What Interrogative

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 5. This is the child that got lost
in the fair. That Relative
6. Which of the two pens is yours ? Which Interrogative
7. I can’t follow what he wants
after all. What Relative
B. Fill up each blank with a suitable interrogative
pronoun.
1. Who do you think he is ?
2. Whose is this beautiful shirt ?
3. Who said these insulting words ?
4. What made you laugh so loudly ?
5. Whom did you give your watch ?
6. Which is the better — this book or that ?
7. What would you choose — honour or wealth ?
C. Fill up each blank with a suitable relative pronoun :
1. Listen carefully to what I say.
2. God helps those who help themselves.
3. That is the boy who beat up my brother.
4. Here is the dog that chased our cat.
5. This is the story-book that my father gave me.
D. Break up each sentence into two parts :
1. Give me the pen that you borrowed from me.
Give me the pen. You borrowed the pen from me.
2. I knew the beggar who died last night.
I knew the beggar. The beggar died last night.
3. This is a story that is worth reading.
This is a story. The story is worth-reading.
4. Here is the sum that we could not solve.
Here is the sum. We could not solve the sum.
5. There goes the mouse which helped the lion.
There goes the mouse. The mouse helped the lion.
6. He is a real friend who helps me in need.
He is a real friend. He helps me in need.
7. That is the boy whom his mother is looking for.
That is the boy. His mother is looking for him.
E. Answer :
1. An interrogative pronoun stands for a noun and at the
same time asks a question about that very noun.
2. A relative pronoun stands for a noun and at the same
time relates two statements.

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17. ADJECTIVES
A. Sort out the adjective in each sentence. Write it in
the blank.
Sentences Adjectives
1. He is a capable person. capable
2. Susan is a tall girl. tall
3. The donkey is carrying a heavy load. heavy
4. Varanasi is an ancient city. ancient
5. Napoleon was a brave general. brave
B. Write a suitable adjective before each noun :
1. an easy sum 2. a dark night
3. an honest man 4. the rising sun
5. a narrow street 6. a fresh fruit
7. a small house 8. a good boy
9. an empty vessel 10. a beautiful girl
11. a grey ball 12. a deep lake
13. a clean tooth 14. a strong person
15. a straight line 16. a brave soldier
17. an elderly widow 18. a pleasant climate
C. Write a suitable noun after each adjective :
1. an obedient servant 2. a rude master
3. a difficult task 4. a white shirt
5. an early riser 6. a tall girl
7. a sharp knife 8. a high mountain
9. a hot-dry weather 10. a thick forest
11. a slim boy 12. a great leader
13. a fat lady 14. an old man
15. a naughty boy 16. an evening stroll
17. a ripe fruit 18. curly hair
D. Use each of these adjectives in your own sentences :
1. quiet He is a quiet man.
2. pretty She is a pretty girl.
3. sad I know the sad man.
4. noisy The land lord has created a noisy scene.
5. dirty Wash your dirty hands before taking food.
6. narrow He had a very narrow escape today.
7. triangular There is a triangular park in front of our house.

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 8. dreadful In some pictures, very dreadful scenes are
shown.
9. honest Mohan’s father is an honest man.
E. What is an Adjective ? Write two sentences using
adjectives.
An adjective is a word that qualifies or adds to the meaning
of a noun.
1. Radha is a pretty girl.
2. Lion is a wild animal.

18. ADJECTIVES – QUALITY, PROPER

A. Underline the adjective in each sentence. Write its
kind in the blank.
Sentences Adjectives
1. The Sri Lankan captain won the toss. Proper
2. The wind is cold. Quality
3. German people are very hardworking. Proper
4. Indian wives are very faithful. Quality
5. I want to help the old man. Quality
B. Answer :
1. What is a proper adjective ? Give four examples.
It is an adjective formed from a proper noun.
Indian cow, Russian cloth, Mughal king, German people.
2. What is an adjective of quality ? Give four examples.
An adjective of quality mentions some quality of its noun.
tall, pretty, obedient, curly
C. Pick out different adjectives in this paragraph and
write them in the blanks given below :
hungry, cunning, old, silly (4 different adjectives)
D. Make proper adjectives from ;
India Indian Punjab Punjabi
Kerala Keralite Delhi Delhiite
Assam Assamese Tamil Nadu Tamilian
America American Goa Goan
Nagaland Naga Rome Roman

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19. ADJECTIVES – DEGREES OF COMPARISON
A. Fill up each blank with the appropriate form of the
given adjectives :
Positive Comparative Superlative
small smaller smallest
clear clearer clearest
long longer longest
fine finer finest
angry angrier angriest
thick thicker thickest
B. Fill in the blank with the right adjective in its
comparative form :
1. It is cold to-day, but it was colder yesterday.
2. He is wise, but his father was wiser.
3. This book is thick, but that one is thicker.
4. She is tall, but her sister is taller.
5. This bridge is narrow, but the next one is narrower.
C. Fill in the blanks using the right form of adjectives
followed by than :
1. The horse is stronger than a donkey.
2. A yard is shorter than a metre.
3. The Himalayas are higher than the Alps.
4. Hyderabad is older than Secunderabad.
5. The moon is smaller than the earth.

20. SIMILES
A. Using the words given above complete the following
similes :
1. as quick as lightning 11. as pale as death
2. as good as gold 12. as clever as a fox
3. as dumb as a statue 13. as white as milk
4. as hard as a diamond 14. as cold as ice
5. as clear as crystal 15. as light as air
6. as bold as a lion 16. as regular as a clock
7. as blind as a bat 17. as soft as silk

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 8. as black as coal 18. as sweet as honey
9. as dark as night 19. as sharp as a razor
10. as busy as a bee 20. as dry as dust

21. DETERMINERS
A. Find out the possessive determiner in each sentence.
Write it in the given blank.
Sentence Possessive
Determiners
1. His brother is a very capable person. his
2. Our cricket team has won the match. our
3. Her complexion is extremely fair. her
4. Your donkey is carrying a heavy load. your
5. Our capital is a very ancient city. our
6. The poor cricket broke its leg. its
7. My weight is around 70 kilograms. my
8. Their grandmother passed away yesterday. their
B. Write a suitable possessive determiner in each blank :
1. Is that your blouse, Susan ?
2. They have broken all their toys.
3. Take off your shoes and come in.
4. My motherland is the best land of all.
5. The face of a woman is her real ornament.
6. Here is my dog. Its tail is curved.
7. His uncle has sent him a wrist watch.
8. My elder brother is a fast bowler.
C. Use the following possessive determiners in your own
sentences :
1. your : Your coat is black.
2. their : Their garden is full of flower plants.
3. her : Her appearance is attractive.
4. my : My pen writes smoothly.
5. our : Our sister is a gold medalist in science.
6. its : There is a big tree near our house. Its stem
is very wide.
7. his : His activities are like that of mad man.

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D. Each sentence has a possessive word. Find it out and
write it in the given blank. Also write whether it is a
determiner or a pronoun :
Sentences Possessive Possessive
Pronoun Determiner
1. That was the happiest day
of my life. my
2. Which of these frocks is hers ? hers
3. Take this orange and remove
its peel. its
4. All these play-things are mine. mine
5. Curly hair add to her beauty
a lot. her
6. New Delhi is my native town. my
7. Their request cannot be considered. their
8. Are these bats and pads theirs ? theirs
9. Susan lost her shoes yesterday. her
10. This is a hat. It is hers, I think. hers

22. VERBS : INTRANSITIVE, TRANSITIVE

A. Underline the verb in each sentence and write it in
the blank whether it is transitive or intransitive :
1. The child cried aloud out of fear. Intransitive
2. The girl fixed a hair-clip to her hair. Transitive
3. A severe famine occurred in the dry region. Intransitive
4. The lost child wept bitterly for his parents. Intransitive
5. The mouse looked at the snake in fear. Transitive
6. You are wasting your money on
this project. Transitive
7. The door squeaked when pushed inside. Intransitive
8. The girl ran across the road quite fast. Intransitive
9. He has committed a big folly. Transitive
10. The snake-charmer showed his show. Transitive
B. Write a suitable intransitive verb in each blank :
1. Milk sells by the litre and sugar by the kilogram.
2. A cobra ran at a dashing speed indeed.
3. Children grow fast with rich and healthy food.
4. The temple bell rang at 4 o’clock early in the morning.

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 5. The child slept soundly in the cradle.
6. Green grass grows in fields during the rainy season.
C. Write a suitable transitive verb in each blank :
1. Atul bought a big factory in the Okhla Industrial Area.
2. Parents bring up their children with deep love and
care.
3. How did you solve this difficult sum after all ?
4. Every living creature needs food, shelter and safety.
5. The lion caught the tiny mouse in its big paw.
6. The bee saw the dove, its friend, in danger.

23. VERBS – SIMPLE TENSES

A. Fill up each blank with present indefinite form of the
verb given in brackets :
1. Good children always speak the truth. (speak)
2. You look very sad and upset today. (look)
3. A bad workman quarrels with his tools. (quarrel)
4. Mohan works hard at his studies. (work)
B. Fill up each blank with past indefinite form of the
verb given in brackets :
1. We went to see the Taj Mahal on a moonlit night.
(go)
2. The labourer did his work very honestly. (do)
3. The clouds thundered loudly in the sky. (thunder)
C. Fill up each blank with future indefinite form of the
verb given in brackets:
1. I shall stand by you through thick and thin.
(stand)
2. We shall go out for a walk in the pleasant moonlight.
(go)
3. They will not make such a mischief again. (make)
D. Correct the following sentences :
1. Your brother does not look happy today.
2. Do they not go for a walk in the morning daily ?
3. It does not always rain cats and dogs.
4. We did not buy any vegetables from the market.
5. Did the rose smell really sweet ?

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 6. Did the player kick the ball very hard ?
7. The cook will boil the milk before I wake up.
8. The birds will make nest in the ventilator.
9. The old man will have a walk in the park.
E. In the following sentences change the verbs into the
past tense :
1. She sang sweetly.
2. He wrote to his father every week.
3. The old woman sat in the sun.
4. Abdul felt sorry for his faults.
5. I forgot his name.
6. He looked very suspicious.

24. VERBS — PRINCIPAL PARTS

A. Write the forms of the following verbs :
1. laugh laughed laughed
2. drive drove driven
3. bind bound bound
4. know knew known
5. hurt hurt hurt
6. take took taken
7. sit sat sat
B. Fill up each blank with present, past or past participle
form of the verb in brackets :
1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (make)
2. The tortoise moved slowly but he won the race. (win)
3. She is late because she missed the bus. (miss)
4. She had worked all day. (work)
5. These books cost me a hundred repees. (cost)

25. VERBS — PROGRESSIVE TENSES

A. Fill up each blank with present continuous form of
the verb in brackets :
1. We are looking at the blackboard carefully. (look)
2. She is writing a letter to her elder brother. (write)
3. The principal is scolding the boy for coming late. (scold)

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 21

B. Fill up each blank with past continuous form of the
verb given in brackets :
1. The teacher was punishing the latecomers. (punish)
2. The dog was barking loudly at the stranger. (bark)
3. The passengers were packing up their luggage.
(pack)
C. Fill up each blank with future continuous form of
the verb given in brackets : (The first one is done for
you.)
1. The labourers will be trying hard to lift the heavy
stone. (try)
2. Some people will be spreading false rumours in the
town. (spread)
3. Good boys will be working hard at their lessons.
(work)
D. Correct the following sentences :
1. The gardener is not watering the plants.
2. The farmers were ploughing the field.
3. She will not be preparing tea for us.
4. The moon was waning day by day.
5. Why is she talking so rudely ?
6. The teacher will not be teaching a new lesson tomorrow.
E. Change each of the following present continuous
sentences as directed :
1. The birds are building their nests.
Int. Are the birds building their nests ?
Neg. The birds are not building their nests.
Neg.-Int. Are the birds not building their nests ?
2. The labourers are digging the canal.
Int. Are the labourers digging the canal ?
Neg. The labourers are not digging the canal.
Neg.-Int. Are the labourers not digging the canal ?
F. Change each of the following past continuous
sentences as directed :
1. The lion was roaring loudly in the forest.
Int. Was the lion roaring loudly in the forest ?
Neg. The lion was not roaring loudly in the forest.
Neg.-Int. Was the lion not roaring loudly in the forest ?

22 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 2. The shepherd was grazing his flock on the hillside.
Int. Was the shepherd grazing his flock on the
hillside ?
Neg. The shepherd was not grazing his flock on
the hillside.
Neg.-Int. Was the shepherd not grazing his flock on
the hillside ?
G. Change each of the following future continuous
sentences as directed :
1. It will be raining heavily tonight.
Int. Will it be raining heavily to-night ?
Neg. It will not be raining heavily to-night.
Neg.-Int. Will it not be raining heavily to-night ?
2. The king will be holding his court at that time.
Int. Will the king be holding his court at that
time ?
Neg. The king will not be holding his court at that
time.
Neg.-Int. Will the king not be holding his court at that
time ?

26. VERBS — PERFECT TENSES

A. Fill up each blank with present perfect form of the
verb in brackets :
1. The tailor has stitched all my clothes. (stitch)
2. My sister has done her homework. (do)
3. It has stopped raining now. (stop)
4. The sun has appeared from behind the horizon.
(appear)
B. Fill up each blank with past perfect form of the verb
given in brackets :
1. Our jawans had defeated the enemy. (defeat)
2. Mother had cooked a special dish for us. (cook)
3. The shopkeepers had closed their shops. (close)
4. The thieves had broken into the rich man’s house.
(break)

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 23

C. Fill up each blank with future perfect form of the
verb given in brackets : (The first one is done for you.)
1. The sun will have risen by then. (rise)
2. The wolf will have killed the lamb then and there.
(kill)
3. The farmer will have reaped the harvest by mid-April.
(reap)
4. Everybody will have got ready for the picnic by 8 o’clock.
(get)
D. Correct the following sentences :
1. The birds have flown to their nests.
2. The lightning had flashed before the thundering of the
clouds.
3. The show will have come to an end by then.
4. The children have not staged a short play.
5. The lion will have killed the vain stag.
6. The cattle had grazed the entire grass of the pasture.
E. Change each of the following present perfect
sentences into its interrogative, negative and negative-
interrogative forms :
1. You have wasted your time very carelessly.
Int. Have you wasted your time very carelessly ?
Neg. You have not wasted your time very carelessly.
Neg.-Int. Have you not wasted your time very
carelessly ?
2. The wall-clock has just struck eleven.
Int. Has the wall clock just struck eleven ?
Neg. The wall-clock has just not struck eleven.
Neg.-Int. Has the wall-clock not just struck eleven ?
F. Change each of the following past perfect sentences
into its interrogative, negative and negative-
interrogative forms :
1. My grandpa had fallen asleep before 10:00 p.m.
Int. Had my grandpa fallen asleep before 10:00
p.m. ?
Neg. My grandpa had not fallen asleep before 10:00
p.m.
Neg.-Int. Had my grandpa not fallen asleep before 10:00
p.m. ?

24 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 2. The king had awarded the painter handsomely.
Int. Had the king awarded the painter
handsomely ?
Neg. The king had not awarded the painter
handsomely.
Neg.-Int. Had the king not awarded the painter
handsomely ?
G. Change each of the following future perfect sentences
into its interrogative, negative and negative-
interrogative forms :
1. They will have come to my help by that time.
Int. Will they have come to my help by that time ?
Neg. They will not have come to my help by that
time.
Neg.-Int. Will they not have come to my help by that
time ?
2. The children will have brushed their teeth after
the meal.
Int. Will the children have brushed their teeth
after the meal ?
Neg. The children will not have brushed their teeth
after the meal.
Neg.-Int. Will the children not have brushed their teeth
after the meal ?

27. ADVERBS
A. Underline the adverb in each sentence and write its
kind in the blank.
1. She does her homework carefully. manner
2. He seldom comes here to see me. place
3. I always do things with care. time
4. Mohan speaks to everyone politely. manner
5. Who is sitting outside the gate ? place
6. What were you doing then ? time
B. Put a suitable adverb in each blank.
1. The deer ran fast to save its life.
2. He is to reach here today.
3. A dead snake is lying outside.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 25

 4. Never disobey your parents.
5. Finish this job now and here.
C. What is an adverb of manner ?
It shows the manner in which actions are done. It answers
the question “how”.
D. What is an adverb of place ?
It shows the place where action is done. It answers the
question ‘where’.
E. What is an adverb of time ?
It shows the time when action is done. It answers the
question “when”.

28. ADVERBS – DEGREE OF COMPARISON

A. Fill up each blank with the comparative form of an
adverb from the given list.
1. Renu writes better than Geeta.
2. Ramu listened very carefully but Gopal listened more
carefully.
3. Mohan asked the teacher earnestly, but Seeta asked
more earnestly.
4. Our team played skilfully, but their team played more
skilfully.
5. He worked hard to pass in the examination, but she
worked harder to come in the merit list.
B. Fill up each blank with the correct form of the adverb :
1. high higher highest
2. late later latest
3. loudly more loudly most loudly
4. much more most
5. soon sooner soonest

26 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

29. PREPOSITIONS
A. Write the correct preposition in each blank :
1. Prices are coming down slowly.
2. I cannot put up with such an insult.
3. The sun-rays give out heat and light.
4. I put on my dress and left for school.
5. The thieves made off with all the cash and ornaments.
B. Use each of the following phrases in your own
sentences :
1. give up We should give up the habit of over-
eating.
2. go up The new office blocks are going up
everywhere.
3. come across While going for morning walk, I came
across a snake.
4. give in At last the enemy had to give in.
5. make merry The children made merry in the park.
C. Write ten prepositional phrases and use them in your
own sentences.
1. By dint of : He succeeded by dint of hard work.
2. By means of : They scaled the wall by means of rope
ladders.
3. In case of : In case of emergency, a doctor can be
called during night.
4. In front of : There is a big tree in front of his house.
5. In course of : In course of his researches, he met with
many difficulties.
6. Owing to : Owing to his ill health, he retired from
business.
7. By virtue of : By virtue of the power vested in me, I
hereby order him free.
8. On behalf of : He read the address on behalf of his
country.
9. In spite of : He failed in examination in spite of hard
work.
10. According to : The work was done according to the
instructions.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 27

30. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
A. Write the correct verb in each blank :
1. We go out for a morning walk everyday.
2. Deer run very, very fast indeed.
3. A deer runs very, very fast indeed.
4. They have done their job very well.
5. Farmers are reaping the ripe harvest.
6. A farmer has to work very hard on the fields.
B. Write the correct form of verb in each blank :
1. The legs of this table are long.
2. The king with his queens is coming today.
3. Mohan and Sohan are very fast friends.
4. Mohan or Sohan is to do this job.
C. Write the correct form of verb in each blank :
1. Bread and butter is a perfect food.
2. The bread and the butter are becoming costly.
3. A black and white cow is grazing in the field.
4. A black and a white cow are grazing in the field.
D. Write whether each subject is singular or plural :
1. A chair with three legs singular
2. A chair and its legs plural
3. The king and his nobles plural
4. The king with his nobles singular
E. Write the correct noun in each blank :
1. A black and white cow
2. A black and a white cows
3. An old and weak man
4. An old and a weak men

31. SYNONYMS
A. Write the synonym of each given word :
1. mistake error 2. admire praise
3. enemy foe 4. happy bliss
5. small tiny 6. silent quiet
7. order command 8. untidy disorderly
28 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4
B. Supply a synonym of the word in italics for each
blank :
1. We must speak of others gently and politely.
2. You must keep clean and tidy.
3. Success brings in happiness and bliss.
4. Thick bushes were growing in the dense forest.

32. ANTONYMS
A. Write the antonym of each given word :
1. sell buy 2. slim fat
3. barren fertile 4. sharp blunt
5. kind cruel 6. shallow deep
7. large small 8. little more
B. Supply the antonym of the word in italics for each
blank :
1. Trees are tall but shrubs are short.
2. Truth always get over falsehood.
3. I have seen many ups and downs in life.
4. Let me know the ins and outs of your case.

34. LEARN TO WRITE PARAGRAPHS

A. Write the following paragraph in the given space on
the importance of cleanliness using the given hints.
You may choose the words from the given list.
Cleanliness is next to godliness. Keep your body clean and
wear clean clothes. Do not throw bits of paper here and
there. Keep your room neat and clean. Keep your books
arranged and well maintained. Let your things be kept in
an orderly manner. Above all, keep your mind pure and
free from evil thoughts. Keep your surroundings clean.
B. Write the following paragraph in the given space on
the importance of walking using the given hints. You
may use the words from the list given below :
A walk taken in the morning or in the evening is always

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 29

 good. The number of persons who are fond of walking has
reduced, yet the importance of walking cannot be
overlooked. Any work, physical or mental tires the mind
and the body. A regular walk either in the morning or in
the evening refreshes both the body and the mind. A walk,
if it is made a habit, will do good in the long run.

35. PICTURE COMPOSITION

Answers :
1. We see a greengrocer selling vegetables to a lady
customer in his shop.
2. A greengrocer is sitting in the shop.
3. He sells vegetables in his shop.
4. He weighs the vegetables with the help of a balance
and weights.
5. A lady customer is also seen is the picture.
6. We see brinjal, cauliflower and pumpkin in the picture.

36. LEARN TO WRITE ESSAYS

A. Write an essay on the following topics with the help
of the outline given for each of them :

1. MAHATMA GANDHI
Many great leaders have taken birth on Indian soil. Mohan
Das Karam Chand Gandhi popularly known as Mahatma
Gandhi was born in a middle class family in Gujarat on 2nd
October, 1869.
He was an average student at school but showed signs of
future greatness. He did not obey his teacher to copy from
a fellow student to show better performances to the school
Inspector who visited the school. He was influenced by Harish
Chandra’s truthfulness and Sarvana’s service to his parents.
After Matriculation in India, he went to England to study
Law after which he returned to India. Sometime later he
went to South Africa. He saw that the Indians were badly

30 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 discriminated there. He fought for their rights despite threats
by the white regime there.
He returned to India and impressed Indian leaders with his
life-principal of Ahimsa (non-violence). With this weapon,
he continued freedom struggle and ultimately won it in
August 1947. He taught Indians the dignity of labour. He
did not favour such a system of education as produced clerks
only. He advocated basic education which could accommodate
Indian traditions. He impressed everyone with simplicity of
his life-style, sincerity of purpose and strength of character.
On 30th January, 1948, he fell to the bullets of a misguided
Indian youth.
2. THE POSTMAN
The postman is a useful public servant. He is known almost
to all he is concerned with. He can be seen going on rounds
everyday. He wears a prescribed uniform. He carries letters.
The duty of a postman is very important. He must deliver
the letters at their exact destinations with the help of the
addresses written thereon. He is eagerly awaited by all as
he brings good or bad news from their relatives or friends.
A postman has to be polite to discharge his duty well and
smoothly. His polite behaviour makes him dear to many
families. He gets gifts in cash or kind from such families on
the occasion of some festivals which they celebrate.
A postman’s duty is very hard. He has to perform it in rain,
sunshine, summer or winter. To a common man, the postman
is a symbol of duty. He is an ideal government/public servant.
We should all praise him for his sincerity and punctuality.
B. Write an essay on each of the following :

1. THE ELEPHANT
The elephant is a large grey or greyish-brown animal with
a long flexible trunk,prominent ears, thick legs, and pointed
tusks. Elephants are the largest living land animals. Three
species of elephants remain in existence today : the African
elephant, African forest elephant and Asian or Indian

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 31

 elephant. Its peculiar feature is that it draws up water by
its trunk and squirts it all over its body. It can carry huge
loads and can pile timber. For these purposes man hunts
and trains them. Usually they live in the forest. They eat
only vegetable food grains.
The African elephant is the larger animal. In Africa
elephants are hunted mainly for their tusks, which yield
ivory and are of great value. The Indian elephant has a
smoother trunk and smaller ears.
An elephant will often travel a long way for water. Then it
drinks as much as possible, storing the water in its stomach.
Elephants may have as many as six sets of teeth in a lifetime
of fifty years. An adult male elephant is called a bull, an
adult female is a cow and a baby elephant is calf. Usually
they live peacefully together. Elephants move about mostly
at night and sleep standing up during the day. Their big
feet and pillar like legs help them keep their balance, so thy
can rest while standing up. In spite of their size, they have
been domesticated for centuries.
2. A VISIT TO A ZOO
"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." Last Sunday
our class went to the Delhi zoo. We reached the zoo in our
school bus. The entry to the zoo was by tickets. It was 11.30
a.m, a pleasant day. We saw many deer of different kind
and size. They were kept in the large enclosures. There
were ducks and swans. They were swimming merrily. Next
we saw monkeys. They were jumping from one branch to
another. A few of us offered them groundnuts and bananas.
Then we saw apes and gorillas. They were big in size. We
saw fishes of different kind swimming in ponds. They
presented a pleasant sight. Next to the fishes, were
enclosures of lions. A few of them were sitting calmly basking
in the sun. One of them roared. It was a frightening roar.
By this time we were tired and hungry. We sat in the shade
of a huge tree and enjoyed our lunch boxes we had with us.
After about half an hour we got up and moved ahead. Next

32 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 to the lion's enclosures we saw panthers with black spots.
They looked ugly and scaring. We then saw foxes,
hippopotamuses, elephants and different kinds of birds.
Peacocks were the best to look at with their beautiful feathers.
We also saw hyenas, crocodiles, giraffes and zebras. It was
a nice visit to the zoo. We came out and boarded our school
bus. From our school we went back to our homes. It was a
memorable visit.
3. A JOURNEY BY TRAIN
My elder sister lives in Pune and works there . I got an
invitation to spend my holidays with her. I booked a ticket
in the Bombay-Pune Mail. On the appointed day I reached
the railway station. The train was at the platform. I boarded
it and found my seat. It was near a window. The train
halted at many stations. At every station some passengers
got down, while some others got into. The train passed over
bridges and rivers. There was a party of young men in our
compartment. They were having good fun. They were
talking, laughing and singing. They also played cards.
In the morning at a distance I could see the mountains and
clouds. The scenery was very charming. There were many
trees; the air was fresh and cool; birds were chirping on the
trees. I saw an old man selling watermelons. My mouth
watered at the sight of the ripe watermelon. I bought a
small watermelon. As I sat eating it, I could not help
admiring the beautiful sight and sounds of nature. Soon
the train got the signal and started to move out of the
station. I quickly scrambled up the train and took my berth
and soon fell asleep.I woke up after an hour and had my
breakfast. The journey had been very quiet and calm. Soon
we were at the Pune station, and all of us alighted from the
train. My sister had come to receive me. She was overjoyed
to meet me.
4. A NATIONAL LEADER
Mahatma Gandhi is the father of the nation. Under his
able leadership, India got freedom from foreign rule. He

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 33

 was born on 2nd October, 1869. He was an ordinary student
but showed signs of future greatness. He had deep faith in
God. He became a barrister. In South Africa he saw the
way Asians were treated. They were victims of racial
prejudice. He fought against the rulers of white Government.
He was sent to jail many times but he was not scared of
such punishments.
On his return to India he influenced the Indian masses
with his nonviolence or Ahimsa. Soon he became the leader
of the Indian National Congress. His two most powerful
weapons were nonviolence and Satyagraha. We achieved
freedom without shedding any blood. He worked for the
unity of all the religions. He laid stress on hand-made
clothes. He discarded foreign clothes and goods. He believed
in simple living and high thinking. Even his enemies were
impressed by his simplicity, truthfulness, nonviolence,
sincerity of purpose and strength of character. He worked
for the upliftment of the poor and downtrodden.
He died on 30th January 1948, a year after India got
freedom. He was the true torch bearer of our struggle for
freedom. The best tribute to him will be to follow the ways
he had shown us.
5. A NATIONAL FESTIVAL
Dewali is an important festival of the Hindus. It is also
called the festival of lights. It generally falls in the month
of October/November. Children welcome this festival the
most. It is said that the people of Ayodhya, welcomed Ram
with lights after fourteen years of exile after killing the
demons Ravana, Kumbhkarna and Meghnatha. This festival
also reminds us of the victory of good over evil. On the day
of Diwali people wear new clothes. Children buy fire crackers
and toys. At night the city looks like a fairy queen due to
the lights over roof tops, houses, shops etc. At night Goddess
Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth is worshipped. After Lakshmi
pujan, people distribute sweets among neighbours, friends
and relatives. This develops sweet relations. On the whole
this festival is celebrated with great zeal and religious
feeling.

34 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 6. MY BEST FRIEND
It is good to have friends. One's life without a friend is
unpleasant. One can share one's joys and sorrows with a
friend. But to have a true friend isn't so easy. I am fortunate
to have a true friend. He is Raja, my best friend and
companion. He is of my age. He comes of an educated and
well-cultured family. He helps the poor and the needy. He
is very gentle and seldom gets angry. He believes in simple
living and high thinking. Everyone speaks highly of him.
He is loved and respected whereever he goes. He is a good
player of football. He also plays other games. He is healthy
and strong. He helps me in studies. He is good at studies
and extra co-curricular activities. He has won many
certificates of merit. I am proud of him.

37. LEARN TO WRITE STORIES

1. Now write the complete story :
There was a hungry fox. It was roaming in search of food.
Fortunately, it saw a cock picking grains outside a village.
To have a good chance, it laid nearby licking chops it got
from somewhere. Getting the right opportunity, the fox
pounced on the cock and grabbed it under its paws and
later on to the mouth.
The fox ran away with the cock. Some children who were
playing nearby saw this and raised an alarm, “The fox has
taken away our cock.”
The people heard the words of the children. They chased
the fox to have back their cock. The cock said to the fox,
“Tell them that now I am yours, not theirs.” The fox placed
the cock on the ground to speak to them. The clever and
wise cock ran away and jumped onto a nearby tree to be
safe. The wisdom of the cock saved its life.
Moral : Wisdom beats cunning.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 35

2. Plan of the story
Title :
The Lion and the Mouse.
Setting :
A lion is lying asleep under a shady tree.
Characters :
A lion and a mouse.
Beginning :
The story begins with a lion sleeping under
a tree.
Main Events : A lion is asleep under a tree. A mouse comes
and jumps over the lion’s body. Lion gets
disturbed and catches the mouse under his
paw. It gets ready to kill the mouse, the
mouse asks for pardon, promises help. Lion
encaged. Mouse nibbles the net and frees
the lion.
End : The lion is freed.
Moral : A good turn always deserves another.
Now write the complete story :
On a hot summer day, a lion was lying asleep under a
shady tree. A mouse was also living in a hole under the
tree. The mouse came out of its hole and jumped over the
lion’s body. The lion woke up and got very angry. It caught
the mouse under its paws. It was ready to kill the mouse.
The mouse realised its mistake and requested to be pardoned
saying that it would help him in need. The lion laughed
loudly and let the mouse free.
After sometime, a hunter came to the forest. He saw the
lion. He cast his net over the sleeping lion. The lion was
caught. It tried to tear the net but could not.
The lion roared loudly. Hearing the sound, the mouse came
there. He called more mice. They nibbled the net together
and set the lion free. The lion thanked the mice and realised
that one should never think the small persons to be of little
value.
Moral : A good turn always deserves another.

36 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

38. INVITATIONS AND LETTERS
Write —
1. an invitation to a friend to accompany you on a
picnic.
______________________ wants you to join us for going on a
picnic to Delhi Zoo on ___________ at 10 a.m.
2. an invitation to a friend to attend the marriage of
your sister.
__________ invites you to the marriage party of his sister on
__________ at his residence ________________.
3. an invitation from master Bhavanesh to Miss Ritu to
attend a party to be held at his residence at 5:00 p.m.
on Sunday to mark his brilliant result in the annual
examination.
Master Bhavanesh craves the presence of Miss Ritu to attend
a party to be held at his residence at 5:00 p.m. on Sunday
to mark his brilliant result in the annual examination.
A. Write a letter to your father telling him how you
fared in the half-yearly examinations.

Sept. 2000
Dear Papa

For a long time, I have been thinking to write to you but

I could not do so due to my half yearly examinations.
I want to inform you that I have fared very well in the
examinations this time compared to last time. I hope to
secure nearly 100 per cent marks in Maths, Sanskrit, G.K.
and Computer. In English, Hindi, Science and Social Studies
too I hope to get more than 85 per cent marks if the marking
is not very hard. I am satisfied over my performance. I shall
write to you after receipt of report card. Please convey my
respects to Dadaji and Dadiji and love to Ritu.

Your loving son

ABC
Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 37
1. Write to your father, asking for his permission to
visit Mussoorie.

Sept. 2000

Dear Papa
I am quite well here, our school is having holidays for few
days from tomorrow. My friends are going to Mussorie for
a visit. They have asked me also to join with them for two
days, therefore Papa would you be good enough to grant
me the permission to join with them.
Hope that you are well at home, How is Mummy ? Convey
my love to her.
Expecting your favourable replay

Yours loving son

ABC
2. Write to your friend about your favourite hobby.

Oct. 2000

Dear Harish
Thank you for your letter. You have asked me what my
favourite hobbies are. Well, my hobby is collecting stamps.
I have been collecting stamps for the past six years.
Therefore, I have a bigger collection than any of my friends
here. The collection includes certain rare stamps, sent by
friends in other countries in return for those which I sent
to them.
The stamps can be not only delightful but also instructive.
Each stamp has a story to tell me of far away countries and
strange people. Looking through the stamps, I can follow
the history of nations with great interest.
Best wishes
Yours Sincerely
R.K Williams

38 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 3. Write a letter to your friend thanking him/her for
inviting you for the birthday party.

June 2000

Dear friend
I feel extremely happy and delighted to receive your
invitation letter for the birthday party. I have already told
my parents and got the permission from them. I hope that
we will enjoy the company and make merry that day. Hoping
to meet you shortly,

Yours loving friend

Ajithkumar

4. Write an application to your Principal requesting him/

her to grant two days’ leave since you want to attend
a wedding.
To
The principal
(School Name)
(Place)

Sir
I humbly beg to state that I can't attend the school since I
will be going to attend a marriage. Therefore I request you
to grant me leave for two days. I assure you that I 'll do my
home work with the help of my classmates.

Thanking you
Yours obediently

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 39

5. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her on a
picnic party.

Sep.

Dear friend
Our schools are going to close in the first week of next
month. I know that you love the hills of Himachal. I invite
you to spend few days in Simla with us. It is a nice place
that gives a cool and soothing effect to heart and mind. I
hope that you will accept this invitation, I am looking forward
to your arrival.

Yours truly
ABC

39. COMPREHENSION
A. Read the passage and answer the questions given
below :
1. Abraham Lincoln lived on a farm in Kentucky.
2. His father moved to Illinois.
3. Abraham Lincoln’s family travelled in a covered wagon
pulled by two strong oxen to Illinois.
4. It was difficult to move from one place to another due to
severe winter season.
5. Wagon

40 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4