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    Cold Chain & Immunisation Schedule

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    Aman Goel
    The cold chain is the system used to transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to use. It is important to maintain the cold chain to ensure vaccine potency and effectiveness, public health, and compliance with regulations. Vaccines are biological products that lose potency at improper temperatures, so the cold chain uses equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators to store vaccines at temperatures between 2-8°C during transport and storage. Maintaining the cold chain through proper vaccine handling and storage is essential for effective immunization programs.

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    Cold Chain & Immunisation Schedule

    Uploaded by

    Aman Goel
    91 views18 pages
    The cold chain is the system used to transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to use. It is important to maintain the cold chain to ensure vaccine potency and effectiveness, public health, and compliance with regulations. Vaccines are biological products that lose potency at improper temperatures, so the cold chain uses equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators to store vaccines at temperatures between 2-8°C during transport and storage. Maintaining the cold chain through proper vaccine handling and storage is essential for effective immunization programs.

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    The cold chain is the system used to transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to use. It is important to maintain the cold chain to ensure vaccine potency and effectiveness, public health, and compliance with regulations. Vaccines are biological products that lose potency at improper temperatures, so the cold chain uses equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators to store vaccines at temperatures between 2-8°C during transport and storage. Maintaining the cold chain through proper vaccine handling and storage is essential for effective immunization programs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views18 pages

    Cold Chain & Immunisation Schedule

    Uploaded by

    Aman Goel
    The cold chain is the system used to transport and store vaccines at the proper temperature from manufacture to use. It is important to maintain the cold chain to ensure vaccine potency and effectiveness, public health, and compliance with regulations. Vaccines are biological products that lose potency at improper temperatures, so the cold chain uses equipment like walk-in cold rooms, deep freezers, and ice-lined refrigerators to store vaccines at temperatures between 2-8°C during transport and storage. Maintaining the cold chain through proper vaccine handling and storage is essential for effective immunization programs.

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    of 18

    COLD CHAIN &

    IMMUNISATION
    SCHEDULE
    Manufacturer
    Cold Chain
    Distributor
    The ‘cold chain’ is the system of
    transporting and storing vaccines at
    recommended temperature from the Vaccine
    Depots
    point of manufacture to the point of use.

    Provider
    office

    Client
    Why is the cold chain important ?
    1. Vaccines are: 2. Assurance in potent
    product and vaccine
     Biological products
    programmes
     lose potency with time  Professional responsibility
     Confident the vaccines you give
     Process irreversible and will be effective
    accelerated if proper storage  Public Health responsibility
    conditions are not adhered to.  Public confidence in
    immunisation programmes

    3. Ensuring maximum benefit 4.Compliance with


    from immunisations SPC/Manufacturer
    Responsibility not to waste Any vaccine that has not been
    scarce NHS resources stored at a temperature of 2-8ºC as
    per its licensing conditions is no
    Reduce wastage from errors longer a licensed product
    Cold chain storage
    equipment
    Walk in Deep Ice lined
    cold rooms freezers refrigerators
    1.Walk in cold rooms(WIC)
    At regional level
    Storage up to 3 months

    2.Deep freezers

    At district & PHC levels


    Temp :- -15oc to -25oc
    At PHC, used only for the
    preparation of ice packs
    3.Ice lined refrigerators(ILR)

    Both at district and PHC


    levels
    Temp :- +2oc to +8oc
    ILR’s are top opening,
    can hold cold air inside
    better than front opening
    refrigerators
    Vaccine Stability
    MOST
    SENSITIVE
    Sensitivity to HEAT Sensitivity to COLD

    BCG HepB and combination


    Varicella DTand/or aP/IPV/HIB
    MMR Influenza
    MenC MenC
    Hepatitis B *MMR
    DT and/or aP/IPV/HIB *Varicella
    *BCG
    Temperature must be LEAST
    recorded twice in a day with SENSITIVE (*Freeze dried)
    dial thermometer
    Light Sensitive

    Sensitive to strong light, sunlight, ultraviolet,


    fluorescents (neon)
    Vaccines should
    BCG always be stored
    MMR in their original
    Varicella packaging until
    Meningococcal C Conjugate point of use to
    Most DTaP containing vaccines protect them from
    light

    Immunisation Department, Centre for Infections


    Vaccine Storage
    DON’T’s DO’s
    X No food or medical
    Use a dedicated vaccine fridge
    specimens

    Safeguard electricity supply


    X Do not place fridge in
    direct sunlight or near heat
    source No more than 50% full

    Place vaccines in clearly


    X Do not store vaccines for labelled plastic mesh baskets
    more than 1 month at PHC.
     Group vaccines by type
    X Do not store vaccines in (Paediatric, Adult, Adolescent)
    fridge doors or in solid
    plastic trays/containers Defrost/calibrate fridge regularly
    within the fridge
    Ensure back up facilities are
    X Keep vaccines away from Picture taken from www.medisave.co.uk available in the event of fridge
    fridge walls and cold air failing
    vents
    Transporting Equipment

    Cold Vaccine Day


    boxes carriers carriers
    Used for transport of vaccines
    1.Cold boxes Fully frozen ice packs placed
    at the bottom and sides
    DPT, TT, DT should not be kept
    in direct contact

    2.Vaccine
    carriers

    Used to carry small quantity of


    vaccines(16 to 20 vials)
    For out of reach sessions
    4 icepacks are used
    3.Day carriers

    Used to carry very small quantities


    of vaccines(6 to 8 vials)
    For a near by session
    2 icepacks are used
    For only 2 hours period
    Use of diluents
    Specifically designed to reconstitute
    the vaccines with respect to volume,
    pH and other chemical properties
    Store at +2oc to +8oc in ILR
    Only use vaccines suppled and
    packaged by manufacturer
    Vaccine Vial Monitor(VVM)
    VVM is a label containing heat sensitive
    material that is placed on a vaccine vial
    to register heat exposure over time

    Vaccine vial
    monitor
    • Inner square Combined effects of time and
    lighter than temperature cause the inner square
    Stage 1 outer circle to darken gradually and irreversibly
    VVM does not directly measure the
    • Inner square vaccine potency but gives info about
    still lighter than the main factor that affects potency
    Stage 2 outer circle

    • Color of inner
    square matches
    Stage 3 the outer circle

    • Color of inner
    square darker
    Stage 4 than outer circle
    Immunization schedule

    Immunization is the
    process whereby a
    person is made
    immune to an
    infectious disease,
    typically by the
    administration of a
    vaccine.

    Controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases


    Estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year.
     One of the most cost-effective health investments
    Accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable
    populations.
    Active immunization/vaccination
    has been named one of the

    "Ten Great Public Health


    Achievements in the 20th Century"

    Accelerate control Strengthen routine


    of vaccine- immunization to
    preventable meet vaccination
    diseases coverage targets
    Objectives of
    WHO in
    immunization
    Spur research and
    Introduce new development for
    and improved the next generation
    vaccines of vaccines and
    technologies
    Immunization
    Schedule

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