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SOM Formulas

1. The document defines key terms related to stress, strain, and elasticity including stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, and Poisson's ratio. 2. It also describes equations for analyzing stress and strain in bars and rods of varying cross-sections, tapers, materials, and when subjected to changes in temperature. 3. Finally, it briefly mentions elastic constants and the relationship between the actual expansion of composite bars made of different materials when subjected to temperature changes.

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163 views

SOM Formulas

1. The document defines key terms related to stress, strain, and elasticity including stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, and Poisson's ratio. 2. It also describes equations for analyzing stress and strain in bars and rods of varying cross-sections, tapers, materials, and when subjected to changes in temperature. 3. Finally, it briefly mentions elastic constants and the relationship between the actual expansion of composite bars made of different materials when subjected to temperature changes.

Uploaded by

MARSHAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit – I

1. Stress
𝑃
𝜎= 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2
𝐴
P - Force
A - Cross sectional area
2. Strain
δL
e=
L
𝛿𝐿 − 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
L - Original Length
3. Modulus of Elasticity (or) Young’s Modulus
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐸=
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
4. Modulus of Rigidity (or) Shear Modulus
𝜏
𝐶=
𝜑
5. Poisson’s Ratio
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝜇=
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
6. Analysis of bars of varying cross-section
𝑃 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3
𝛿𝐿 = [ + + ]
𝐸 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
7. Analysis of uniformly tapering circular rod
4𝑃𝐿
𝛿𝐿 =
𝜋𝐸𝐷1 𝐷2
8. Analysis of uniformly tapering rectangular bar
𝑃𝐿 𝑎
𝛿𝐿 = log 𝑒
𝐸𝑡 (𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑏
9. Analysis of bars of composite section
𝑃 = 𝜎1 𝐴1 + 𝜎2 𝐴2
𝑒1 = 𝑒2
𝐸1
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐸2
10. Thermal Stress
Change in dimension
𝛿𝐿 = 𝛼𝑇𝐿
Thermal stress
𝜎 = 𝛼𝑇𝐸
Thermal strain
𝑒 = 𝛼𝑇
T - Raise in temperature
α - Coefficient of linear expansion
11. Thermal stress on composite bars
Actual expansion of steel
𝜎𝑠
= 𝛼𝑠 𝑇𝐿 + 𝐿
𝐸𝑠
Actual expansion of copper
𝜎𝑐
= 𝛼𝑐 𝑇𝐿 − 𝐿
𝐸𝑐
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟
12. Elastic Constants

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