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Constrained Naval Architecture

The ship design process translates an owner's requirements into technical drawings and specifications to build a ship. Naval architects lead a team of engineers and designers from various disciplines through an iterative design process. The owner's requirements specify the ship's mission and parameters like speed, endurance, cargo capacity, and cost constraints. Through trade studies, the design process aims to achieve the desired capabilities within established costs. Unique mission requirements and physical constraints are considered for each ship type.

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23 views

Constrained Naval Architecture

The ship design process translates an owner's requirements into technical drawings and specifications to build a ship. Naval architects lead a team of engineers and designers from various disciplines through an iterative design process. The owner's requirements specify the ship's mission and parameters like speed, endurance, cargo capacity, and cost constraints. Through trade studies, the design process aims to achieve the desired capabilities within established costs. Unique mission requirements and physical constraints are considered for each ship type.

Uploaded by

Dhinssh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A process which translates a set of owner's requirements into the drawings, specifications, and

other technical data necessary to actually build a ship. Naval architects lead the process, but
engineers and designers with many other skills contribute. These other skills include marine
engineering, structural design, and production engineering. The ship design process is iterative,
and is subdivided into several phases during which the design is developed in increasing degrees
of detail. Typically, the owner's requirements specify the mission that the new ship must perform
and define such parameters as required speed, fuel endurance, and cargo weight and capacity.
Generally, the cost to build and operate a ship is constrained by the prospective owner. The ship
design process involves numerous trade-off studies in order to achieve the desired capability and,
at the same time, stay within the established cost. See also Naval architecture.

Mission requirements and constraints are unique to each ship being considered. For some ships,
such as point-to-point cargo ships, the mission requirements can be simply stated; for example,
“Transport 5000 20 ft ISO standard cargo containers at an average sea speed of 18 knots with
10,000 nautical miles between refuelings. On- and off-load the 5000 containers using shore-
based cranes in less than XX hours.” For other ship types, such as industrial ships performing
missions at sea, the mission requirements are more complex. The requirements for a fisheries
research vessel, for example, might specify the ability to catch fish using several different
techniques, radiated noise limitations, required sonar performance, and several different aspects
of maneuvering and seakeeping performance, such as low-speed stationkeeping and the ability to
maintain a specified track over the sea floor in the face of cross currents, winds, and seas. See
also Merchant ship; Oceanographic vessels; Ship powering, maneuvering, and seakeeping.

Cost, both to design and build the ship and to operate it, is usually constrained. The two primary
elements of operating cost are crew and fuel, so there is nearly always pressure on the designer to
reduce crew size and fuel consumption. Physical constraints may also be imposed on the design
related to construction, operational, or maintenance requirements. Weight or dimensional
constraints may be imposed if the ship is to be built or maintained in a specific dry dock. Pier or
harbor limitations may also impose dimensional constraints. Ship length may be limited by the
requirement to tie up to a certain pier. Ship air draft (vertical distance from the water surface to
the highest point on the ship) may be limited by the need to pass under bridges of a certain
height. Ship navigational draft (vertical distance from the water surface to the lowest point on the
ship) may be limited by the depth of a dredged channel in a particular harbor.

In addition to unique mission requirements and constraints, every ship must satisfy certain
physical principles. The fundamental principles are that (1) the ship hull and superstructure must
have adequate storage space, and (2) the ship must float at an acceptable waterline (draft neither
too great nor too small) when it is fully loaded. Another principle is that the ship must be
statically stable; that is, when it is displaced from its equilibrium condition, it must tend to return
to that condition. For example, when the ship is heeled to one side by a disturbing force such as a
wind gust, it must tend to return to the vertical rather than continuing to roll and capsizing. The
ship's hull must have sufficient strength to withstand the forces that will act upon it over a range
of loading and sea conditions. The ship must possess sufficient propulsive power to achieve the
desired speed even with a fouled bottom and in adverse sea conditions. In addition, it must
generate sufficient electric power to satisfy the requirements of mission systems; ship machinery;
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; hotel; and other ship services. See
also Buoyancy; Hydrostatics; Marine engineering; Marine machinery.

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