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Bioenergy: Arch. Shereen Omar Khashaba Cairo University Ph.D.

Bioenergy is renewable energy derived from biological sources like wood, food waste, and plants. It involves a carbon cycle where CO2 is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and converted to biomass, and energy is produced when the biomass is burned. Common types of bioenergy include solid biomass, liquid biofuels, and biogas. Technologies used to convert biomass to energy include combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. The largest biomass power plants are located in countries like Sweden, Italy, and India. While bioenergy is a renewable resource, it also contributes to emissions and is still more expensive than other energy sources.

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Ahmad Zaeni
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275 views19 pages

Bioenergy: Arch. Shereen Omar Khashaba Cairo University Ph.D.

Bioenergy is renewable energy derived from biological sources like wood, food waste, and plants. It involves a carbon cycle where CO2 is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and converted to biomass, and energy is produced when the biomass is burned. Common types of bioenergy include solid biomass, liquid biofuels, and biogas. Technologies used to convert biomass to energy include combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. The largest biomass power plants are located in countries like Sweden, Italy, and India. While bioenergy is a renewable resource, it also contributes to emissions and is still more expensive than other energy sources.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Zaeni
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bioenergy

Arch. Shereen Omar Khashaba


Ph.D. - Cairo University
• Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from
materials derived from biological sources.
• Bioenergy is derived from biomass (include wood, wood
waste, straw, manure, sugarcane, trees, grasses, sewage,
garbage, and many other byproducts from a variety of
agricultural processes.
Bioenergy cycle
• Bioenergy needs a continuous carbon cycle between the
atmosphere and the earth.
• In this cycle, carbon dioxide is taken from atmosphere in plant
processes i.e. photosynthesis, and converted into biomass.
From this process additional co2 is produced and converted
into energy.

Transportation

Organic waste Power plant

Co2 Energy
Bio energy cycle. (Attman, O., 2010)
Biofuel (bioenergy) Fossil fuel
Bio fuel is produced directly from Fossil fuels are produced by either
plant matter typically corn, decomposition of plant or animal
sugarcane, transforming it into matter over long period of time
alcohol. under certain conditions as high
temp. and pressure.
Ex. Coal, oil, and natural gas.

URL: https://urbantimes.co/2011/12/synthetic-biology-and-the-biofuel-revolution/
Bioenergy types
• Traditional: comes mostly from solid biomass sources. i.e. wood, and
other biomass pellets.
• Advanced: requires converting biomass into liquid or gas form in
order to produce electricity, i.e. biogas, liquid biofuel, ethanol, and
biodiesel.
Solid bioenergy Liquid bioenergy Gas bioenergy
Derived from solid renewable Derived from plants and Derived from methane and
resources animal fats carbon dioxide which are
produced when bacteria
break down biomass
Directly used in gasification 2% of transportation fuel Biomass used (animal,
and combustion technologies today but expected to replace municipal, landfill waste, and
existing fossil fuels. energy crops)

Ex. Wood, sawdust, straw, Bioethanol: made from sugar Ex. Biogas, bio propane,
husks, stalks, bagasse, and starch syngas, synthetic natural gas
construction waste ….. Biodiesel: made from plant oil
and animal fats
Primary energy conversion technologies
 Combustion - direct combustion of biomass is the most common
way of converting biomass to energy - both heat and electricity.
Compared to the gasification and pyrolysis it is the simplest and most
developed.

 Gasification - gasification is a high-temperature (1200-1400 Degree


Celsius) thermo chemical conversion process but the process is used
for production of gas, instead of heat.

 Pyrolysis - thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of


oxygen. We use pyrolysis to produce a liquid fuel, bio-oil or pyrolysis oil.
It is also called a biochemical process, as it uses microorganisms to
produce bioenergy.
Generating energy from biomass
Boiler

Biomass

High Heat

Steam
Steam spins the
Rotating magnets
turbine blades
create electricity
Efficiency of biomass
• The electrical efficiency rating of transforming biomass
into electrical energy is around 30% for 10 to 20 MW
capacity plants.

• In comparison, top-ranked plants producing 500 MW and


more with combined cycle gas turbines can only attain an
electrical efficiency rating of 57%.

• Regarding fossil fuels, the efficiency rating of the biggest


coal-fired plants, with an output close to 1000 MW, does
not exceed 45%.
Biomass energy facts
• Worldwide, biomass is the fourth largest energy resource after coal,
oil, and natural gas - estimated at about 14% of global primary energy
(and much higher in many developing countries).

• In the U.S., biomass today provides about 3-4% of primary energy

• Biomass is used for heating (such as wood stoves in homes and for
process heat in bioprocessing industries), cooking (especially in many
parts of the developing world), transportation (fuels such as ethanol)
and, increasingly, for electric power production.

• Installed capacity of biomass power generation worldwide is about


35,000 MW, with about 7,000 MW in the United States derived from
forest-product-industry and agricultural residues.
BIOMASS PLANTS IN THE WORLD
WORLD´S LARGEST BIOMASS POWER PLANT

The world´s largest biomass power plant is located in Poland.


It´s located in Finland. It´s located in The Netherlands

It´s located in Sweden. It´s located in Italy.


Biomass Power Plants In India

Akaltara, Chhattisgarh Satyamaharshi,


Andhra Pradesh

Thoothukkudi,
Tamil Nadu
• Advantages: • Disadvantages:

• Theoretically (renewable)
inexhaustible fuel source. • Could contribute a great deal to
global warming and particulate
• there is minimal pollution if directly burned.
environmental impact.
• Still an expensive source, both in
• Alcohols and other fuels terms of producing the biomass and
produced by biomass are
efficient, viable, and converting it to alcohols.
relatively clean-burning.
• On a small scale there is most likely a
• Available throughout the net loss of energy; Energy must be
world.
put in to grow the plant mass.
Application in Architecture
• Hotchkiss Biomass Power Plant / Center brook Architects and Planners

Architects: Centerbrook Architects and


Planners
Location: Lakeville, Connecticut,
United States of America
Architect In Charge: Jefferson B. Riley,
FAIA
Project Manager: Alan D. Paradis, RA
Project Team: Mark A. Herter. AIA, Erik
Lübeck. Associate AIA, Peter Cornell.
Area: 16500.0 ft2
Year: 2012
• the locally sourced wood chips are the
byproduct of sustainably managed forests;
they replace some 150,000 gallons of
imported fuel oil per year, cutting
emissions overall, most dramatically sulfur
dioxide by more than 90 percent.
• The building is slated for LEED certification
for conservation features that include a
renewable, laminated wood structural
system; water-conserving plumbing
fixtures; use of local materials with a high
recycled content; an abundance of daylight
inside; and highly efficient mechanical
systems, lighting, and exterior skin..
Thank You

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