Assignment OF COMPUTER

NET WORKS

Coursc Code = CSE 305

1.Name – Harpreet Sharma

2.Reg No - 10801207
Submitted To- Satinder Saini
3.Section - RK3R23 A06 Submitted
By- Harpreet Sharma
4.Roll No – A-06
5.Group - 2
6. Program – 102 B.Tech (CSE)
7.Tutor — Satinder Saini
Date-
15/2/2012
CSE306 : Computer Networks
Homework 1

Q1. Assume that you are working as a Network Administrator in an organization. You are
assigned the responsibility to connect the various building and offices in your organization
through a computer network (assume that all of them are on the same premises). What
recommendations will you suggest to your organization for such implementation? Necessary
assumptions can be taken to justify your answer. [5]

Q2. Explain by taking suitable examples, the challenges that are still to be addressed for
computer networks. How can these challenges/drawbacks be taken care of? [5]
Q3. Discuss in detail the technological comparison of Local Area Networks with Public Switched
Telephone Networks? [5]

Q4. A organization has offices in Delhi, Mumbai, London, New York and Sydney. You have been
assigned to responsibility to design the network to connect all of these offices. Which technology will
you use and why? You should consider various parameters such as bandwidth, distance etc. while
proposing the recommendations. Necessary assumptions can be taken wherever necessary to justify
your answer. [5]

ANS 1- On the Behalf of Network Administrator in an

organization have a responsibility to connect the
various building and offices in your organization
through a computer network for this networking I have
to assign a systematically way to connect the the
various building and offices in your organization
First of al we have different pc on the different location
in the offices, then we have to install the recommended
os on the system and updated to system software and
all drivers
The connection which is use to connect the computer is
LAN local are Network connection we have to make
a wireless connection or through wire by using LAN
network
We have to spared the wire line in the different offices
according to the requirement then w have to
establish a network connection through a main pc
The connection Flow in such a manner
Internet > Modem > Router > different pc in different
offices
The in the serrate location of offices in a building we
connect the LAN wire to each computer through
the min pc

Steps to connect the different computer s=

1. Turn off all computers and connect one end of all to

Ethernet cable to the network card hub of main
computer. Then connect the other end of the Ethernet
cable to the different computer.

2. after all the ends of the Ethernet cable is connected

turn on all the computers one by one. It doesn’t matter
which one you start with.
3. Now you have to assign a unique Workgroup to each
computer. The following step is applicable for Windows

4. Now set up system settings from he pc and establish

a new connection for different pc to connect them
5. After making the settings of the different pc in
different offices we have to apply fire walls or security
system for our pc that out side can not access our
system

Major use of LAN in Connection System =

Networks used to interconnect computers in a single
room, rooms within a building or buildings on one site
are called Local Area Network (LAN). LAN transmits
data with a speed of several megabits per second (106
bits per second). The transmission medium is normally
coaxial cables.
LAN links computers, i.e., software and hardware, in the
same area for the purpose of sharing information.
Usually LAN links computers within a limited
geographical area because they must be connected by
a cable, which is quite expensive. People working in
LAN get more capabilities in data processing, work
processing and other information exchange compared
to stand-alone computers. Because of this information
exchange most of the business and government
organizations are using LAN.

Advantages=
#The reliability of network is high because the failure of
one computer in the network does not effect the
functioning for other computers.
#Addition of new computer to network is easy.
#High rate of data transmission is possible.
#Peripheral devices like magnetic disk and printer can
be shared by other computers.

Ans-2

In the computer network the problem occur in some

steps if the all process is well maintained and under
proper step should be taken so these problem
coming less then the early stage

Major network troubleshooting

Some of the network connection interface from the main
part of the system where the internet access

1. Proper tower and Connection are maintained for

proper signalling.
2. Wire should be spread in different area .
3. Signalling substance also give network problem.
4. Bad weather is also responsible for bad
signalling.

Basic network troubleshooting.

If a computer is unable to connect to a network or

see other computers on a network, it may be
necessary to troubleshoot the network. A network
may not work because of any of the below reasons.

1. Network card not connected properly.

2. Bad network card drivers or software settings.

3. Firewall preventing computers from seeing each

other.

Because of the large variety of network configurations,

operating systems, setup, etc... not all of the below
information may apply to your network or operating
system. If your computer is connected to a company or
large network, or you are not the administrator of the
network, it is recommended that if you are unable to
resolve your issues after following the below
recommendations that you contact the network
administrator or company representative.
If you are being prompted for a Network password and
do not know the password, Computer Hope is unable to
assist users with obtaining a new or finding out the old
password.

Verify that the network cable is properly connected

to the back of the computer. In addition, when
checking the connection of the network cable,
ensure that the LEDs on the network are properly
illuminated. For example, a network card with
solid green LED or light usually indicates that the
card is either connected or receiving a signal. Note:
generally, when the green light is flashing, this is an
indication of data being sent or received.

If, however, the card does not have any lights or

has orange or red lights, it is possible that either
the card is bad, the card is not connected properly,
or that the card is not receiving a signal from the
network.

If you are on a small or local network and have the

capability of checking a hub or switch, verify that
the cables are properly connected and that the hub
or switch has power.

Ans-3-

The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

PSTN, or Public Switched Telephone Network, is the

network of the world's public circuit-switched telephone
networks, in much the same way that the Internet is
the network of the world's public IP-based packet-
switched networks.

Originally a network of fixed-line analog telephone

systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely digital, and
now includes mobile as well as fixed telephones. It is
sometimes referred to as the Plain Old Telephone
Service (POTS).

In relation to the Internet, the PSTN actually furnishes

much of the Internet's long-distance infrastructure.
Because Internet service providers ISPs pay the long-
distance providers for access to their infrastructure and
share the circuits among many users through packet-
switching, Internet users avoid having to pay usage
tolls to anyone other than their ISPs.

Telecommunications networks rely heavily

on the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN), which was originally
created many decades ago for the
transmission of human speech. The
telephone system now provides many of
the links that connect wide area networks,
and is an integral part of the Internet itself.
For about a hundred years, analogue
signalling was used throughout the
telephone system, which made it unsuitable
for the transmission of digital data.
Although modulation techniques were
developed that allowed the transmission of
digital data on an analogue telephone lines,
there were severe limitations in terms of
the data rates achievable. The latter part of
the twentieth century, however, has seen
 the introduction of digital telephone
exchanges and fibre-optic trunk exchange
lines that have vastly increased the
capacity of the telephone network.

Local Area Network Technologies

The first computer communication systems had each
communication channel, e.g. a leased circuit,
connecting exactly two computers. This is known
as point-to-point communication and has three
useful Properties.

Each connection is independent of the others and can

use appropriate hardware
Since only two computers have access to the channel,
it is easy to enforce security and privacy

The two end points have exclusive access and can

decide how to send data across the connection
LAN) is a data communications network connecting
terminals, computers and printers within a building or
other geographically limited areas. These devices could
be connected through wired cables or wireless links

Ethernet is by far the most commonly used LAN

technology. Token Ring technology is still used by some
companies. FDDI is sometimes used as a backbone LAN
interconnecting Ethernet or Token Ring LANs. WLAN
using IEEE 802.11 technologies is rapidly becoming the
new leading LAN technology for its mobility and easy to
use features.

Local Area Network could be interconnected using Wide

Area Network (WAN) or Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN) technologies. The common WAN technologies
include TCP/IP, ATM, Frame Relay etc. The common
MAN technologies include SMDS and 10 Gigabit
Ethernet.

LANs are traditionally used to connect a group of

people who are in the same local area. However, the
working group are becoming more geographically
distributed in today's working environment. There,
virtual LAN (VLAN) technologies are defined for people
in different places to share the same networking
resource.
Ans-4

A Wide Area Network ( WAN) is used in organization has

offices in Delhi, Mumbai, London, New York and Sydney
to design the network to connect all of these offices.

Wide Area Network is a computer network covering

multiple distance areas, which may spread across the
entire world. WANs often connect multiple smaller
networks, such as local area networks (LANs) or metro
area networks (MANs). The world's most popular WAN is
the Internet. Some segments of the Internet are also
WANs in themselves. The key difference between WAN
and LAN technologies is scalability C WAN must be able
to grow as needed to cover multiple cities, even
countries and continents.

A set of switches and routers are interconnected to

form a Wide Area Network. The switches can be
connected in different topologies such as full mesh and
half mesh. A wide area network may be privately
owned or rented from a service provider, but the term
usually connotes the inclusion of public (shared user)
networks.

Both packet switching and circuit switching

technologies are used in the WAN. Packet switching
allows users to share common carrier resources so that
the carrier can make more efficient use of its
infrastructure. In a packet switching setup, networks
have connections into the carrier's network, and many
customers share the carrier's network. The carrier can
then create virtual circuits between customers' sites by
which packets of data are delivered from one to the
other through the network.

Circuit Switching allows data connections to be

established when needed and then terminated when
communication is complete. This works like a normal
telephone line works for voice communication.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a good
example of circuit switching. When a router has data for
a remote site, the switched circuit is initiated with the
circuit number of the remote network.

Although WANs serve a purpose similar to that of local

area networks (LANs), WANs are structured and
operated quite differently. The user of a WAN usually
does not own the communications lines that connect
the remote computer systems; instead, the user
subscribes to a service through a telecommunications
provider. Unlike LANs, WANs typically do not link
individual computers, but rather are used to link LANs.
WANs also transmit data at slower speeds than LANs.
WANs are also structurally similar to metropolitan area
networks (MANs), but provide communications links for
distances greater than 50 kilometers.
WANs have existed for decades, but new technologies,
services, and applications have developed over the
years to dramatically increase their efficacy for
business. WANs were originally developed for digital
leased-line services carrying only voice, rather than
data. As such, they connected the private branch
exchanges (PBXs) of remote offices of the same
company. WANs are still used for voice services, but
today they are used more frequently for data and
image transmission (such as video conferencing). These
added applications have spurred significant growth in
WAN usage, primarily because of the surge in LAN
connections to the wider networks.

How Wans Work

WANs are either point-to-point, involving a direct

connection between two sites, or operate across
packet-switched networks, in which data is transmitted
in packets over shared circuits. Point-to-point WAN
service may involve either analog dial-up lines, in which
a modem is used to connect the computer to the
telephone line, or dedicated leased digital telephone
lines, also known as "private lines." Analog lines, which
may be either part of a public-switched telephone
network or leased lines, are suitable for batch data
transmissions, such as nonurgent order entry and
point-of-sale transactions. Dedicated digital phone lines
permit uninterrupted, secure data transmission at fixed
costs.