MANGATAREM NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

PROPERTY OF PAPAYA LEAVES (Carica Papaya Leaves) IN

INCREASING THE PLATELET LEVEL

A Research Proposal

By:
Richard R. Bachar
Brecs Kent B. Cervantes
Maria Anjelika V. Erese
Claire T. Valiente
Rosemarie Anne U. Areniego
Ken Zoren V. Sagun

Miss Lilac S. Gonzaga

Adviser
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CHAPTER I: The Problem: Rationale and Background
Introduction............................................................................................................1
Statement of the Problem......................................................................................3
Hypothesis.............................................................................................................3
Significance of the Study.......................................................................................3
Scope and Limitation.............................................................................................4
Definition of Terms.................................................................................................4

CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature

Related Literature..................................................................................................6
Related Studies......................................................................................................7
Paradigm of the Study...........................................................................................9

CHAPTER III: Methodology

Research Design.................................................................................................10
The Materials, Instrument, Apparatus and Equipment.........................................10
Procedure............................................................................................................11
Data Gathering Procedure...................................................................................12
Statistical Treatment............................................................................................13

CHAPTER IV: Results, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Discussion..... 14

CHAPTER 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation

Result of Finding..................................................................................................17
Conclusion...........................................................................................................18
Recommendation.................................................................................................19
Bibliography
Appendix
 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to determine the increase of platelet production

of Papaya leaves. It also aims to determine the components that are capable of
increasing the platelet count.
The ethanolic extracts of Papaya leaves were used to compare the pre-post
test of the platelet count of the albino mice. Different concentrations of the extracts
were tested to albino mice.
Results revealed that the extract of the Papaya leaves showed an increase
in the platelet count on each subject. The mean of the pre-test was 775 while the
post-test showed 997.5 of mean.
The chemical components of the plant subjected were identified to be a
papain and chymopapain that could help to increase platelet production. Data
analysis shown that there is a significant difference among the increase in platelet
production of the ethanolic extract of Papaya leaves with the T computed value of
3.878 at 0.05 level of significance.
Therefore it was concluded that Papaya leaves is effective in increasing the
platelet count. T-test has also revealed that there is significant difference among
the mean of the pre-post test of CBC platelet count test.
 Acknowledgement

This study would not be completed without the people who have contributed
much for its success and accomplishment. Because of this, we would like to extend
our utmost gratitude to them through this simple appreciation.

First of all, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our adviser, Ms.
Lilac Gonzaga for the continuous support of this study, for her patience and
immense knowledge. Thank you for all the boundless advices that truly
ameliorated us in completing this thesis. The supervision you have given and
refined us to become better students in the field of research.

Our research also extends our deepest appreciation to the faculty and staff
of Mangatarem National High School, headed by Mrs. Evelyn G. Velasquez for
letting us to conduct thisresearch inside the vicinity. We also like to thank Mr. Frank
Soller, who provided the laboratory test of the subjects in this study, and Mrs.
Felina S. Datuin, for her insightful comments and sharing their knowledge and
helping us in every possible way they can.

We like to give our heartwarming thanks to our parents for their support.
We are pleased and grateful to have their encouragement and inspiring us to have
their encouragement and inspiring us to have strength in giving our best in
completing this study.

And most of all, we earnestly thank the Almighty God for providing, for His
presence, for giving us strength , for the blessings, and for the wisdom and
knowledge. We will not be able to reach this success of this study if it is not by His
will.
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Introduction

Platelets are the smallest element in the blood but platelets play a big role

in one’s body in terms of blood clotting. Blood clotting, or coagulation, is an

important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 and 450,000 per mm3. They release

chemicals that cause tiny fibers to form thus creating blood clot. Bleeding may be

caused by an open wound; an injury involving an external or internal break in body

tissue, usually involving the skin.

Thus maintaining normal platelet count is essential for one’s health. In the

Philippines mortality due to insufficient platelet count is rampant during rainy

season, where mosquitos appear and Aedis Aegypti are in season. Many are

hospitalized due to dengue fever caused by the said insect and some unfortunately

die due to continuous decrease in platelet count that goes down to the normal level

which a normal person needed. Problems with insufficient platelet count beyond

normal is not only associated with A. Aegypti bite, it can also be with a health

disorder known thrombocytopenia. It is a blood condition that affects the platelets

(thrombocytes). It often occurs as a result of separate disorder like leukemia and

some types of anemia. Low platelet count could cause bleeding into the tissues,

bruising and slow blood clotting after injury.

Vitamins like: Vitamin K, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin D, and Vitamin

B12 and Vitamin B9 (folic acid) can contribute to surpass thrombocytopenia

disorder, which are rich in Papaya plant.

Papaya plants exist in subtropical and tropical areas throughout the world

like the Philippines. Papaya leaves are excellent sources of vitamins for the

productions and maintenance of the body’s tissues. They are also essential for

proper blood clotting and proper production of platelets.

The researchers decided to conduct a study about papaya leaves used as

tea as an alternative way of increasing the platelet count of one’s body.

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of the study aims to determine the thrombocytosis

property of Papaya leaves. Specifically, it attempts to tackle the following

questions:

1. Is there a significant effect of Papaya leaves tea in increasing the platelet

count?

2. What are the chemical constituents of Papaya leaves?

3. What are the level of effectiveness of the different concentrations of Papaya

Leaves in terms of platelet production?

a. 100% c. 50%

b. 75% d. 25%

Hypothesis

There is no significant effect of Papaya tea leaves in increasing the platelet

count.

Significance of the Study

This study promoted a tea out of Papaya Leaves that will help the increase

of platelet production. Many people are suffering from severe cases of low platelet

count, especially dengue patients. Medicines and machineries are too expensive

to afford for treatment. The researchers aim to inform these patients that can’t

afford expensive medicines that there is a cost effective and an accessible

alternative way of platelet production.

 The study of Carica Papaya Leaves in the management of increasing

platelet count is also significant that it would be a help to the society for more

choice of medicines involving the increase of platelet production, a decrease of

hospitalization and to be utilized for the prevention of mortality.

This research will help to the fund of knowledge of the people in the way

that the Papaya Leaves has a sufficient component for the production of platelet.

Scope and Limitations

This investigation was conducted to determine the property of Papaya

leaves that will boost the platelet production. Maceration method was used to

answer the problem. The aspects tested is the platelet count production for 7 days

of observation.

This study was limited to use of leaf extract concentration at 100%, 75%,

50% and 25%. The use of other parts of the tree was not included in the study.

Definition of Terms

The terms that have significant roles in the study are:

Albino mouse- also known as the laboratory mouse;

a small mammal of the order Rodentia which is bred and used for scientific

research.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)- test that gives information about the cells in a

patient’s blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations

of various proteins and minerals.

Maceration- it is a method of getting the extraction by means of softening

something and soaking it in liquid, it is the method used in this study to obtain

the extraction of Papaya leaves.

Oral administration- is a route of administration where a substance is taken

through the mouth by the use of flexible plastic catheter.

Papaya leaves (Carica Papaya Leaves) –usually measures approximately 20-

28 inches diameter with five to seven palmated lobes. Used in herbal

medicines. It has shown a wide range of its use in the treatment of diseases, it

is used as a tea to regain normal platelet count.

Thrombocytopenia- a health condition in which the patient suffers from a low

paletelet count.

Water Bath- involves completely submersing sealed containers in a large pot

of boiling water, it is used in the study to evaporate the alcohol and obtain the

extract.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature

Papaya leaves contain crude protein in the fruits pulp ranged from 0.47%

to 1.17% while in the leaves, it varies from 5.84% to 10.80. the seeds contained

2.34 to 3.15% crude protein in the morphotypes, the round yellow contained the

highest protein in the leaves, fruit pulp and seeds while oblong red have the least

in seeds and fruit pulp but not in the leaf. Generally the fruit pulp had low crude

protein relative to the leaves and seeds. The low protein contents in fruit pulps

of these Carica papaya morphortypes is at variance from the report of USDA

(2009) that gives a range of 3.74 to 8.26g/100g dry matter but it can be due to

the climatic conditions, growing seasons, site of cultivation and the varieties of

Carica papaya.

The chemical constituents of Papaya leaves (C. Papaya Leaves) showed

the presence of twenty compounds. The compounds namely oleic acid (28.98%)

and hexadecanoic acid were found to be dominant with 28.98% and 16.18% peak

area respectively. It has been found out that drinking papaya leaf extract is

believed to be as one of the factors that can regulate platelet count. Papaya leaves
are rich in enzyme called Papain that can help if a certain person has

thrombocytopenia.

Platelets are blood cells in plasma that stop bleeding by sticking together to

form a clot. Most patients do not have any symptoms of an increased platelet

count. When symptoms do appear, they can include skin bruising or bleeding from

various areas such as the nose, mouth, and gums, or the stomach and intestinal

tract. Abnormal blood clotting can also occur, leading to stroke, heart attack, and

unusual clots in the blood vessels of the abdomen. Some patients with essential

thrombocythemia develop erythromelalgia, causing pain, swelling, and redness of

the hands and feet, as well as numbness and tingling. Too many platelets can lead

to certain conditions, including stroke, heart attack, or a clot in the blood vessels.

Drinking papaya leaf extract is believed to be as one of the factors that can regulate

platelet count.

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the patient have a low blood

platelet count. Paletlets are colorless blood cells that help blood clot. Platelets

stopbleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries.

Thrombocytopenia oftwn occurs as a result of a separte disorder, luekemia or an

inmune problem. Or it can be a side effect of taking certain medications.

Related Studies

In the study of Kala, C. P. the leaf juice of papaya improved the health of

patients by increasing the number of platelets. The present study aims to

understand the effects of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf juice as a possible herbal

medicine to cure dengue fever. The observations made during the study were quite
interesting. Papaya leaf juice was effective in curing the dengue fever. As per the

medical report of patients the number of platelets had increased within the

prescribed time (24 hrs) of drinking leaf juice of papaya in all 5 patients of dengue.

The increase in number of platelets varied from patients to patients that ranged

from 8000 to 11000. The dengue patients had reiterated that there was a

significant improvement in their health within 24 hrs of taking papaya leaf juice.

Another study of Charan, Jaykaran et al. C. papaya leafs extract has a

definitive role in improving the platelet count in patients of dengue. A systematic

search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry, and Google

Scholar [Appendix 1]. References of published articles were hand searched to find

new studies exploring the efficacy and safety of C. papaya in dengue. On the basis

of this systematic review and meta-analysis, it can be concluded that C. papaya

leafs extract has a definitive role in improving the platelet count in patients of

dengue.

Meanwhile, the research of Gowda A. C. et.al. showed that literature search

has found several human and animal studies been conducted where extract of

Papaya leaf was used for treating thrombocytopenia associated with dengue. The

results of these studies have been encouraging with platelets showing significant

rising trend. To evaluate whether Papaya leaf extract can be used to treat

thrombocytopenia associated with Dengue: a pilot study was conducted to assess

this as A Novel Therapeutic Option? It appears that C. papaya L. leaf extract does

have beneficial properties in dengue. It has been shown to bring about a rapid

increase in platelet count. It is shown that the subjects in the intervention group
that received CPLE (Caripill) can reach faster and higher increase in platelet count

compared to the control group. Papaya extract no doubt offers a cheap and

possibly effective treatment for dengue.Various clinical and preclinical studies

conducted have demonstrated a positive effect in dengue cases with

thrombocytopenia. The current pilot study also demonstrates the same positive

beneficial trend in increasing the platelets significantly.

Paradigm of the Study

Pre-Post Test

Efficacy of Papaya
Leaves in platelet Oral
production as a Administration of
tea Papaya Leaves
tea with different Increase in
100% concentrations Platelet Count
75%
50% CBC Platelet
25% Count under
Hematology Test
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The Research Design

This study used the experimental design specifically, the T-test. This study

involved the use of the test leaves study and apply once but subsequent

treatments will be applied and replicated to determine the cause of change.

The Materials

The materials used in the study 80 grams of Papaya Leaves, 400mL of

95% ethyl alcohol and 40mL of distilled water.

The Instrument, Apparatus and Equipment

The Instrument, equipment and apparatus used in the study are Erlenmeyer

flask, scissors, syringe, graduated cylinder, stirring rod, gas stove, beaker,

evaporating dish, filter paper, electric weighing scale, electric microscope and

glass slide.
THE PROCEDURES

PREPARATION OF TREATMENTS

There were 4 treatments. Each treatment represents different concentration

of Papaya leaves: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. This different concentrations was

applied through oral administration.

GATHERING OF TEST SUBJECTS

The subject

Selected albino mice were used under the supervision of the municipality

and veterinarian for the proper handling of the subjects.

Preparations of Restraints

With the assistance of medical technologist the CBC Platelet Count was

done. The tail of the restraints was pricked to get a blood sample. Blood was

smeared over a glass slide that was stained with specific dyes and viewed under

a microscope. This procedure was repeated as it represents the blood sample of

four different albino mice.

Gathering of plant material

Inside the municipality of Mangatarem, the plant materials were gathered in

some settled areas. The leaves were shaded and dried at a room temperature for

15 days.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Ethanolic extraction of plant material

The researchers used the maceration method. Exactly 40 grams of grinded

Papaya leaves were placed in two different Erlenmeyer flasks with 100 mL of ethyl

alcohol. The mixture was stored for about 1 week and shaken occasionally. Liquid

was clarified through filtration using the funnel and filter paper. The mixture was

subjected to water-bath method for 20 minutes to evaporate the alcohol and obtain

the extracts. The obtained extracts were placed in evaporating dish and heated up

until it reach the glue-like form or dry.

Preparation of Different Concentration of the Extract

The concentrations were obtained by diluting 3.5 grams of pure extract to

5mL of distilled water. The extract was distributed by 2mL in 8mlL of distilled water,

1.5mL in 8.5mlL of distilled water, 1mL in 9mlL of distilled water and 0.5mL in

9.5mlL of distilled water presented as 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% respectively.

TREATMENT PROCEDURE

Application of different concentration extract of Papaya leaf

Different extraction was applied through oral administration to the different

mice representing different concentrations. Providing the loose skin was gripped

behind the ears. This method offers sufficient control of the animal’s head to allow

the introduction of a syringe.

Platelet count monitoring

After the extract was administered for 7 days. Another blood test was done

from the four different mice administered with different extraction. The platelet

count production was observed using Complete Blood Count (CBC) Platelet Count

under hematology test.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

This study proposed T-test, because it used Pre-Post test, which examined

to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of the two

groups in terms of platelet production.

 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA DISCUSSION

This study was conducted to determine if the Carica Papaya Leaves

(Papaya leaves) have ability to increase platelet count. Pre-Post test was utilized

to acquire the following results:

Table 1. Platelet count of albino mice without treatment in Pre-Test.

Platelet Count (Pre-Test)

Restraints Platelet Count
Male 1 730
Female 1 750
Male 2 790
Female 2 830
MEAN 775

Table 1 shows the actual count of platelets in the Pre-test before the

treatment administered. The female 2 (830) has the most numerous platelets

among the other restraints. Also the female 1 (750) has more platelets than the

male 1 (730). It has been concluded that female mice produce more platelets than

the male restraints.

Table 2. Platelet count of albino mice after the 7 days of oral administration
of Carica Papaya Leaves treatment in Post-Test.

Platelet Count (Post-Test)

Restraints (Concentration) Platelet Count
M1 (100%) 1130
F1 (75%) 950
M2 (50%) 880
F2 (25%) 1030
MEAN 997.5

Table 2 shows the platelet count in the Post-Test of the four different albino

mice assigned with different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) of Carica

Papaya Leaves that were applied orally for 7 days. Significantly M1(100%)

produced platelets the most (1130) among the other restraints. It was followed by

F2(25%) with 1030 of platelets, F1(75%) with 950 and lastly M2(50%) that

produced 880 of platelets.

Table 3. Comparison on the platelet count of albino mice assigned with

different concentration before and after (Pre-Post Test) the administration of
treatment.

Platelet Count (Pre-Post-Test)

Restraints (Concentration) Pre-Test Post-Test

M1 (100%) 730 1130

F1 (75%) 750 950
M2 (50%) 790 880
F2 (25%) 830 1030
MEAN 775 997.5
 Table 3 shows the comparison on the platelet count of albino mice before

and after the treatment was administered. Effectively the M1 (100%) produced the

most with 400 counts increase in platelets. The F1 (75%) and F2 (25%) both

increased by 200 counts from the Pre-test. The M2 (50%) increased by 90 counts

in platelets.

Table 4. Statistical Analysis of Data using T-test

Treatment Level of Significance Tcrit Tcomp

Carica Papaya
0.05 3.182 3.878
Leaves Tea

Table 4 shows the statistical data computed by means of T-test. The

computed T value was compared with the tabular T value which taken from the

table of critical values of T. There are significant differences because the value of

computed T is greater than the tabulated value. Since the t-distribution value from

the table with 5% significance level is 3.182, the null hypothesis is rejected.
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
The ethanol extract of the Carica Papaya Leaves was done at the school’s

laboratory. The extract was diluted to water to obtain concentrations.

Concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% were prepared and tested at the

Healthlines laboratory with the supervision of Ms. Lilac Gonzaga to determine the

increase in platelet production and the significant difference in the mean of the pre

and post test. The data were subjected to T-test.

The Carica Papaya Leaves extract is effective in increasing the platelet

count. The pre-test showed a mean of 775 revealing a significantly difference to

the 997.5 mean of the post-test. The 100% concentration of the Carica Papaya

Leaves tea extract produced the most with 400 platelet counts difference from the

pre-test before the treatment was administered. The 50% produced the least giving

90 platelet count difference from the pre-test.

Conclusion

Based from the findings the following conclusions were drawn.

a. The mean of the level of effectiveness of the different concentration of Papaya

leaves in terms of platelet production was 997.5 after the 7 days of

administering the treatment.

b. Female mice produces more platelets compare to the platelet count of the male

mice.

c. The F2 (25%) produced evenly to F1 (75%) with 200 platelet counts difference

from the Pre-Post test. Some cases like this was most commonly happen to

the subject’s body composition that actively produce platelets more than the

other subjects

d. The 100% concentration is the most effective among the other concentration in

increasing the platelet count.

There is a significant effect of Papaya leaves tea in increasing the platelet

count.

The chemical constituents of Papaya leaves in increasing the platelet count

are papain and chymopapain.

Therefore it was concluded that Papaya leaves is effective in increasing the

platelet count. T-test has also revealed that there is significant difference among

the mean of the pre-post test of CBC platelet count test.

Recommendations

Based on the discussions and conclusions, the following recommendations

are forwarded:

1. Studies on the other parts of Papaya can be made to determine if this parts

is also capable to increase the platelet count.

2. Use of other bases for extraction maybe use for comparable studies.

3. Produced a juice for children to benifit to the effect of Papaya leaves.

4. Replicate the study by lowering platelet count form the reference value.

5. The Papaya leaves oculd be use to treat Idiopathic thrombocypenia

purpura, a disorder that can lead to easy or excessive bruising and

bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelet count.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Papaya-Leaf-in-Increasing-Your-Platelet-Count/373

McCabe, G. (2013, June 30). Papaya Cure for Dengue Fever. Retrieved from

https://ranciodelicioso.com

Papaya. Retrieved from

https://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=47

Sengupta, S. (2017, March 24). An Incredible Benefits of Papaya Lleaf Juice.

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Retrieved from https://medicalnewstoday.com/articles/275517.php

Journals

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Carica Papaya Leaf Extract in

Increasing the Platelet Count in Cases of Dengue with Thrombocytopenia.

Retrieved from https://medind.nic.in/ice/t15/13/icet15i3p109.pdf

Charan, J. Et. al. (2016). Efficacy and Safety of Carica Papaya Leaf Extract in

the Dengue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Appl Basic Med Res.,

6(4), 249-254.
APPENDIX