IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 13, Issue 2 Ver. I (Mar. – Apr. 2018), PP 57-65
www.iosrjournals.org

Modeling And Simulation of Loads Into Existing Distribution

Network System Using MATLAB/Simulink
Dauda A. Folarin1, Japhet D. Sakala2, Edwin Matlotse3,
Mandu A. Gasennelwe-Jeffrey4
1,2,3,4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,University of Botswana,
Gaborone, Botswana.
Corresponding Author:Dauda A. Folarin

Abstract:This paper presents the detail model of load and other devices in distribution network systems (DNS).
Simulation and modeling is done using MATLAB/Simulink software package. The proposed model is user
friendly and can be used as a common platform for both applied physics and power system engineers. The
proposed model is very simple, fast and accurate. A detailed modeling algorithm is presented. Ede distribution
Business Hub of Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company (IBEDC) of Osun Region, South West, Nigeria is used
for the modeling. This network comprises of two feeders namely: Ede Township feeder and Ede Cottage feeder.
The designed model is used to verify the need to transform from existing conventional grid to smart distribution
grid. The results of simulation indicates from the waveform display that numerous challenges facing centralized
traditional distribution grid require modern technologies to shift to decentralized smart distribution grid for
smooth distribution of power system to ensure an enhanced quality and reliability.
Keywords: DNS, MATLAB/Simulink, algorithm, IBEDC, smart distribution grid, traditional distribution grid,
modern technology.
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Date of Submission: 22-02-2018 Date of acceptance: 10-03-2018
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I. Introduction
An electric power distribution system is the last stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries
electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the
transmission system and step down the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 33
kV with the use of transformers [1].
Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the
customer's premises. Distribution transformers again step down the voltage to the utilization voltage of
household appliances and typically feed many customers through secondary distribution lines at this voltage [1].
Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service
drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary
distribution level or the sub transmission level.
Some challenges identified in the existing power distribution are, weak and inadequate network
coverage, overloaded transformers and bad feeder pillars, substandard distribution lines, poor billing system,
unwholesome practices by staff and very poor customer relations, inadequate logistic facilities such as tools,
working vehicles, poor and obsolete communication equipment, low staff morale and lack of regular training,
insufficient funds for maintenance activities and non-availability of research and development [2-4].
In addition to cost is the negative impact on people's time - this can mean the time spent accessing
alternatives, or the time lost because reading is difficult in the evenings. The modern world is dependent on
access to information, which in turn is only possible with a reliable and constant source of electricity.
The DNS of Ede Business Hub which comprises of two 11kV feeders; Ede Township and Ede Cottage
feeders as shown in a line diagram of fig no. 1 is used to model on MATLAB/Simulink and the modeled circuit
was depicted in fig no. 4 which simulation was carried out to give the waveforms as shown that is used to justify
the results of appraisal in [5] which clearly indicates the need to transform the DNS from centralized traditional
system to smart distribution system.

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 Modeling And Simulation Of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network System Using…

External Grid
60MVA
X/R = 7
33kV Busbar

Substation Transformer
20MVA
Z = 9%
11kV Busbar

Ede Township Feeder Ede Cottage Feeder

Fig no.111kV Ede Distribution Network System

Distribution Substation
A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an
area. The input to a distribution substation is typically at least two transmissions or sub -transmission lines.
Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2.4kV and 33kV depending on the size of the area
served and the practice of the local utility [6].
Besides changing the voltage, the job of the distribution substation is to isolate faults in either the
transmission or distribution systems. Distribution substations may also be the points of voltage regulation,
although on the long distribution circuits (several km), voltage regulation equipment may also be installed along
the line.
Complicated distribution substations can be found in the downtown areas of large cities, with high-
voltage switching, and switch and backup systems on the low-voltage side [6].

II. MATLAB/Simulink Software Platform To Model The Distribution Network

The environment in which we build our simulation model was MATLAB. The name MATLAB stands
for matrix laboratory. MATLAB, developed by MathWorks Inc., is a software package for high performance
numerical computation and visualization. The combination of analysis capabilities, flexibility, reliability, and
powerful graphics makes MATLAB the premier software package for scientific researchers. MATLAB provides
an interactive environment with hundreds of reliable and accurate built-in mathematical functions. These
functions provide solutions to a broad range of mathematical problems including matrix algebra, complex
arithmetic, linear systems, differential equations, signal processing, optimization, nonlinear systems, and many
other types of scientific computations. The most important feature of MATLAB is its programming capability,
which is very easy to learn and to use, and which allows user-developed functions. It also allows access to
FORTRAN algorithms and C codes by means of external interfaces. There are several optional toolboxes
written for special applications such as signal processing, control systems design, system identification,
statistics, neural networks, fuzzy logic, symbolic computations, and others. MATLAB has been enhanced by the
very powerful Simulink program [7].
Simulink is a software package for modeling, simulating, and analyzing dynamical systems. It supports
linear and nonlinear systems, modeled in continuous time, sampled time, or a hybrid of the two. Systems can
also be multi-rate, i.e., have different parts that are sampled or updated at different rates. For modeling,
Simulink provides a graphical user

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 Modeling And Simulation Of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network System Using…

interface (GUI) for building models as block diagrams, using click-and-drag mouse operations as
shown in fig no. 2.With this interface, you can draw the models just as you would with pencil and paper (or as
most textbooks depict them).

Fig no. 2 The relationship text base programming and graphical base programming of MATLAB/Simulink
application package

Simulink includes a comprehensive block library of sinks, sources, linear and nonlinear components,
and connectors. You can also customize and create your own blocks Models are hierarchical.
This approach provides insight into how a model is organized and how its parts interact. After you
define a model, you can simulate it, using a choice of integration methods, either from the Simulink menus or by
entering commands in MATLAB's command window. The menus are particularly convenient for interactive
work, while the command-line approach is very useful for running a batch of simulations (for example, if you
are doing Monte Carlo simulations or want to sweep a parameter across a range of values). Using scopes and
other display blocks, you can see the simulation results while the simulation is running. In addition, you can
change parameters and immediately see what happens, for "what if" exploration. The simulation results can be
put in the MATLAB workspace for post processing and visualization. And because MATLAB and Simulink are
integrated as shown in fig no. 2, you can simulate, analyze, and revise your models in either environment at any
point. [7].The main features of the MATLAB/Simulink desktop environment are located in a single directory as
shown in fig no 3. This Working Environment contain a set of tools and facilities that you work with as the
MATLAB user or programmer. It includes facilities for managing the variables in your workspace and
importing and exporting data. It also includes tools for developing, managing, debugging, and profiling M-files
MATLAB’s applications [7].

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 Modeling And Simulation Of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network System Using…

Fig no. 3Main windows for the working environment features

Modeling Approach
The simulation models were developed using MATLAB/Simulink with SimPowerSystems. It is then
used to simulate various DNS and observe how these change the power system sinusoidal waveform. The
models were developed with minimum number of blocks in mind and use their default settings whenever
possible to reserve their easiness and reproducibility for the reader. The developed models present in the paper
also serve as basic building blocks to a larger power system. The distribution voltage level used in the models is
based on the Ede business hub of IBEDC grid code. Simulation models including Ede Township Feeder and Ede
Cottage Feeder models used to simulate are described in procedure methodology with output results and
waveform display in fig no. 5 to nos. 10.

Procedure Methodology
Step 1: Lunch the Matlab.exe
Step 2: GOTO the Simulink library
Step 3: Proceed to Simpower system TOOL BOX
Step 4: Select the appropriate Simulink block ELSE Create/Set the block parameters
Step 5: Configure the block to Specification
Step6: Draw the lines appreciate for the Connection of each block
Step 7: Complete all the Connections
Step 8: RUN the Program
Step 9: Extract the Result for further Analysis
Step 10: END.

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 Modeling And Simulation Of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network System Using…

Supporting Mathematical Expression

2
𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 1 𝑋 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
L= . .R= = (1)
𝑃𝑠𝑐 2𝜋𝑓 𝑋/𝑅 𝑋/𝑅

𝑉 𝑝 𝑕 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 (𝑉)

Vabc(pu) = (2)
𝑉 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑉)
Where
𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
Vbase= . 2 (V) (3)
3
𝑉𝑝 𝑕 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑕 𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑉)
Vabc= (4)
𝑉 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝑉)
Hence
𝐼𝑎𝑏𝑐 (𝐴)
Iabc (pu) = (5)
𝐼𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (𝐴)
Thus,
𝑃 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 2
Ibase = ≠ (6)
𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚 3
Vnom and Pbase are specified in the Three-Phase V-I Measurement block dialog box

III. Results And Discussion

The results of modeled distribution network is as shown in fig no. 4 while the associates transformer and loads
model results are shown in fig nos. 5 to 10 respectively. This is the outcome of the modeled distribution network
of Ede Business Hub with the procedure methodology above.

Fig no. 4 Modeled Ede Business Hub distribution network system

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Fig Figno. 5 Waveform Voltage (Vabc)result of modeled Ede Business Hub Distribution Network

Fig no. 5 is the source voltage waveform of modeled network from the National Control Centre (NCC), Osogbo.
It contains three phase voltage Va, Vb and Vc as shown. This indicates a smooth and accurate waveform without
any eruption. We observed phase shift of 0o for Va, -120o and 120ophase shifts for Vb and Vc respectively as shown in
fig no. 5.Given below are the data implication from simulation of V-I Measurement from the Source:

Va= 107664.92 V, -0.00°;Ia= 17.89 A, -77.54°

Vb= 107664.92 V, -120.00°; Ib = 17.89 A, 162.46°
Vc = 107664.92 V, 120.00°; Ic = 17.89 A, 42.46°

Fig no. 6 Modeled transformer and load on Ede township feeder1

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Fig no. 8 shows the waveform of Ede Township Feeder of V-I Waveform due to load on the feeder. We noticed
distortion in the waveform. This interruption on waveform justify result of reliability appraisal in [5] which was
obtained with data obtained from the utility station. This is as a result of inability of the utility to meet load
demand of the consumers. Hence lead to load shedding of some area in order to meet the demand of their
customers. Therefore the need of smart devices is very essential to avert this problem.
The data implication of this obtained from the simulation is given as V-I Measurement due to loads on Ede
Township Feeder are:
Ua = 14492.01 V, -6.30°; Ia= 85.99 A, -81.30°
Ub = 14492.01 V, -126.30°; Ib = 85.99 A, 158.70°
Uc = 14492.01 V, 113.70°; Ic = 85.99 A, 38.70°

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 Modeling And Simulation Of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network System Using…

Fig no. 9 Modeled transformer and load on Cottage feeder

Fig no. 10 Results of Vabc and Iabc Due to Load on Cottage network feeders

Fig no. 10 shows Ede Cottage feeder waveform V-I due to load on the feeder. The waveform follows the same
pattern with the previous and as well indicates justification of results obtained in [5] with data collected from the
IBEDC, Osun region, South West Nigeria. This validates results of appraisal of reliability indices of the network
on [5].
The voltage and current waveform of the load on the Ede Cottage feeder are observed to follow the same
pattern. They are smooth with minimal or very low level of interruption. However in term of value they are
quite distinct. As shown

Ua= 24017.47 V, 119.80°; Ia = 21.13 A, 32.52°

Ub= 24017.47 V, -120.20°; Ib = 21.13 A, 152.52°
Uc= 24017.47 V, -0.20°; Ic = 21.13 A, -87.48°
The above results from the waveforms are used to form the basis of our research to transform the DNS from
centralized traditional to decentralized smart system in order to accommodate all the smart technologies
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 Modeling And Simulation Of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network System Using…

available to enhanced the reliability and quality of electrical power distribution in some of developing nations in
Africa particularly Nigeria.

IV. Conclusion
In this paper, a new simulation procedure methodology load and associates devices incorporation into
distribution networks was presented. MATLAB/Simulink was used as the tool to build the simulation
environment.The strength of this simulation method falls in the ability to study the effect of different kind of
eruptions on the system behavior. The other advantage of this method is its flexibility in building the different
kind of loads on feeders and ability to appraise the gravity of effect on network systems. This simulation
methodology could be used to build different loads types, validates the results of reliability in [5] and opens the
doors to use the MATLAB in this new field.

V. Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Management and Staffs of Ibadan Electricity
Distribution Company, IBEDC, Ibadan Head Office and Osogbo Regional office for their support in providing
necessary technical information required to carry out this research. We also grateful to Office of Research and
Development (ORD), University of Botswana for their financial and moral assistance required for the
accomplishment of this study.

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IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) is UGC approved

Journal with Sl. No. 4198, Journal no. 45125.

Dauda A. Folarin1. "Modeling And Simulation of Loads Into Existing Distribution Network
System Using MATLAB/Simulink." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
(IOSR-JEEE) 13.2 (2018): 57-65.

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