Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

CHAPTER

6 Coordinate Geometry

(1 – 4)2 + (2 – 6)2
1. (a) AB = ABBBBBBBBBBBB 3. 16
PQ = ABB
9 + 16
= ABBBBB (a – 2) + [(a + 1) + 1] = 16
A BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
2 2 ABB
= 5 units (a – 2)2 + (a + 2)2 = 16
a2 – 4a + 4 + a2 + 4a + 4 = 16
(1 + 3)2 + (–2 – 4)2
(b) PQ = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB 2a2 + 8 = 16
= ABBBBBB16 + 36 a2 = 4
52 units
= ABB a = ±2

(–3 + 1)2 + (4 – 2)2

(c) RS = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
4. AC = AB
= ABBBB 4+4
(p + 1) + (–2 – 2)2 = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
2
(3 + 1)2 + (5 – 2)2
= AB 8 units (p + 1)2 + 16 = 16 + 9
(–1 – 4)2 + (0 + 5)2
(d) UW = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB (p + 1)2 = 9
p + 1 = ±3
= ABBBBBB25 + 25 p = ±3 – 1
50 units
= ABB = –4, 2
(2 – 2)2 + (0 – 5)2
(e) CD = ABBBBBBBBBBBB Since C is in the quadrant IV, therefore p = 2.
= ABBBBB 0 + 25
= 5 units 1 + 5 , –––––
3+7
1
5. (a) Midpoint of AB = –––––
2 2
2
(0 – 3) + (–4 + 4)
(f) EF = ABBBBBBBBBBBBB
2 2
= (3, 5)
= 9 + 0 ABBBB
= 3 units –1 + 9 , –––––
5–1
1
(b) Midpoint of CD = ––––––
2 2
2
(g) GH = ABBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1
1
—
2 2
2
– 4 + (–5 + 0.3)2 = (4, 2)

= ABBBBBBBBBB
7 2
1 2
– — + (– 4.7)2
2

–2 – 4 , –––––
1
(c) Midpoint of EF = ––––––
2
= (–3, 4)
3+5
2
2
34.34
= ABBBB
= 5.86 units
–8 – 2 , –––––––
–10 – 6
1
(d) Midpoint of GH = ––––––
2 2
2
2. AB = ABB10 = (–5, –8)
A(2 – 1) + (y – 3)2 = ABB
BBBBBBBBBBBB
2
10
1 + (y – 3)2 = 10 0 + 8 , –––––
4–2
(y – 3)2 = 9
1
(e) Midpoint of IJ = –––––
2 2
2
y – 3 = ±3 = (4, 1)
y = ±3 + 3
y = 0, 6 1
–8 – —
1
(f) Midpoint of KL = –––––––
2
3 , ––––––
0.6 + 6
2
2
25
1
= – –––, 3.3
6 2

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

6.
Midpoint of AB = (3, 4) (b)
2
A(–1, 5)
1 + 5 , –––––
t + 2 = (3, 4)
1–––––
2 2
2 P(x, y) 3

t + 2 = 4
\ ––––– B(3, –1)
2
t + 2 = 8 3(–1) + 2(3) 3(5) + 2(–1)
t = 6 1
(x, y) = ––––––––––, ––––––––––
2+3 2+3 2
3 13
7.
Midpoint of PQ = (–1, 3) = —, ––– 1
5 5 2
–2 + r , –––––
t – 4 = (–1, 3) 3 13
1 ––––––
2 2
2 The coordinates of P are —, ––– .
5 5 1 2
–2 + r = –1
\ –––––– and t – 4 = 3
––––– (c)
2 2 1 1
A(–, 4)
–2 + r = –2 t – 4 = 6 2 P(x, y)
2
r = 0 t = 10
B(–6, 3)

8. PQ = QR, 1
that is, Q(s, t) is the midpoint of PR. 1(–6) + 2 — 1 2
1 –1 + 3 , –––––
–––––– 4 – 6 = (s, t)
2
1
1+2
2 1(3) + 2(4)
(x, y) = ––––––––––––, –––––––––
1+2 2
2 2
5 11
–1 + 3 and t = –––––
\ s = –––––– 4–6 = – —, –––
3 3 1 2
2 2
= 1 = –1 5 11
The coordinates of P are – —, ––– .
3 3 1 2
–2 + y
–1 + x , –––––– (d)
9. 1 ––––––
2 2 2
= (4, 2)
1 0)
1
–
2
B(– –,
–1 + x = 4
\ –––––– and –2 + y 2 1
2 –––––– = 2 P(x, y)
2
–1 + x = 8 –2 + y = 4 A(3, –2)
x = 9 y = 6
The coordinates of C are (9, 6). 1 1 1
1 2
1 – — + —(3) 1(0) + —(–2)

1
— +4
2
1 1
—+1
2
—+1
2
2
(x, y) = –––––––––––––, ––––––––––––
1 2
21 2
–1 + 0.2 , –––––––
10. (p, q) = –––––––
2
2 2
= —, – —
2
2
1 2
9 3 3
= –0.4, — 1 4 2 2 2
Hence, p = –0.4, q = —
9 The coordinates of P are —, – — .
3 3 1 2
4
QR 1
11. (a) 12. –––– = —
1 RS 3
2
B(4, 5)
3QR = RS
P(x, y)
\ QR : QS = 1 : 2
A(1, 0)
2 S(2, 5)

1(1) + 2(4) 1(0) + 2(5) 1

1
(x, y) = ––––––––––, ––––––––––
2+1 2+1 2 R(–1, 4)
Q(x, y)

10
= 3, –––
31 2 2(–1) + 1(2) 2(4) + 1(5)
1
(x, y) = ––––––––––– , –––––––––– 2
10 1+2 1+2
The coordinates of P are 3, ––– .
3 1 2 13
= 0, ––– 1 3 2
13
The coordinates of Q are 0, ––– .
3 1 2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

1 (c) Area of ∆ABC

13. PS = —RS
3 1 0 4 –2 0

PS 1
––– = —
RS 3
= —

2 –1 –3 –5 –1 
\ PS : PR = 1 : 2 1
= —(0 – 20 + 2) – (–4 + 6 + 0)
2
1 1
S(0, 8) = —–18 – 2
P(x, y) 2 2
1
= —–20
1 –4)
R( –, 2
2
1
= —(20)
1 2
2(0) + 1 — 1 2
1 2 2(8) + 1(–4)
(x, y) = ––––––––––––, –––––––––––
1+2 1+2 2 = 10 unit2

1 (d) Area of ∆ABC

= —, 4
6 1 2 1 1 2 3 1
1
The coordinates of P are —, 4 . 1 2
= —

2 2 4 6 2 
6 1
= —(4 + 12 + 6) – (4 + 12 + 6)
2
14.
A(–1, 5) 2 = 0 unit2
1
Q(2, 3)
B(x, y)
16. (a) Area of ABCD

1 1 4 3 2 1
1
1(–1) + 2(x) 1(5) + 2(y)
(2, 3) = ––––––––––– , ––––––––––
2+1 2+1 2
= —

2 2 5 6 3 2 
1
–1 + 2x = —(5 + 24 + 9 + 4) – (8 + 15 + 12 + 3)
5 + 2y 2
\ ––––––– = 2 and ––––––– = 3
3 3 1
7 y = 2 = —42 – 38
x = — 2
2
= 2 unit2
7
The coordinates of B are —, 2 .
2 1 2 (b) Area of ABCD
1 –1 2 3 –2 –1
1 0 1 3 0
15. (a) Area of ∆ABC = —
2 4 2 5 4   = —

2 –1 –1 5 7 –1 
1
= —(1 + 10 + 21 + 2) – (–2 – 3 – 10 – 7)
1 2
= —(0 + 5 + 12) – (4 + 6 + 0)
2 1
—
= 34 + 22
1 2
= —17 – 10
2 = 28 unit2
7
= — unit2 (c) Area of ABCD
2
1 0 –1 –2 –3 0
(b) Area of ∆ABC
1 –1 4 5 –1
= —

2 3 4 –1 –1 3 
= —

2 3 –2 6 3  1
= —(0 + 1 + 2 – 9) – (–3 – 8 + 3 + 0)
2
1 1
= —(2 + 24 + 15) – (12 – 10 – 6) = —–6 + 8
2 2
1 1
= —41 + 4 = —2
2 2
45 = 1 unit2
= ––– unit2
2

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

(d) Area of ABCD When y = 0, 2x – 0 + 3 = 0

3
1 0 1 2 3 0 x = – —
= —

2 1 3 5 7 1 
3
2
\ x-intercept = – —; y-intercept = 3.
1 2
= —(0 + 5 + 14 + 3) – (1 + 6 + 15 + 0)
2 x y
1 (c) — + — = 2
= —22 – 22 2 3
2 x — y
= 0 unit2 — + = 1
4 6
\ x-intercept = 4; y-intercept = 6
1 1 2 3 1
17. Area of ∆PQR = —

2 3 6 9 3  6–4
21. (a) Gradient = –––––
2–3
1
= —(6 + 18 + 9) – (6 + 18 + 9) = –2
2
= 0 unit2 2–5
(b) Gradient = –––––
Since the area is zero, therefore the points P, Q and 4–3
R are collinear. = –3
– 4 – 2
(c) Gradient = –––––––
13 3 – (–1)
18. Area of ∆OBC = ––– 6
2 =–—
1 0 3 x 0 13 4
—

2 0 2 5 0 
= –––
2 =–—
3
2
(0 + 15 + 0) – (0 + 2x + 0) = 13 –3 – 0
15 – 2x = 13 (d) Gradient = ––––––––
– 4 – (–5)
15 – 2x = 13 or 15 – 2x = –13 = –3
2x = 15 – 13 2x = 15 + 13
x = 1 x = 14 y-intercept
22. (a) Gradient = – ––––––––––
x-intercept
19. Area of PQRS 3
=–—
2
1 0 1 2 3 0
=—

2 1 4 7 10 1  –2
(b) Gradient = – –––
3
1 2
= —(0 + 7 + 20 + 3) – (1 + 8 + 21 + 0) = —
2 3
1 4
(c) Gradient = – –––
= —30 – 30 2
2 —
3
= 0 unit2
3
Since the area is zero, therefore P, Q, R and S are = –4 × —
2
collinear.
= –6
x y
20. (a) y = 2x + 1 (d) — – — = 2
2 5
When x = 0, y = 2(0) + 1
x ––– y
= 1 — – = 1
4 10
When y = 0, 0 = 2x + 1
1 ­–10
x = – — Gradient = – ––––
2 4
1 5
\ x-intercept = – —; y-intercept = 1. =—
2 2
(b) 2x – y + 3 = 0
When x = 0, 0 – y + 3 = 0
y = 3

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

x y 1 25. (a) The equation of the straight line is

(e) ––– + — = — x y
–4 3 2 ­­––––––––– + ­­––––––––– = 1
x-intercept y-intercept
x y 1
1
–4 3 2
2 ––– + — = 2 — 1 2
2 —x — y
+ = 1
x 2y 3 4
––– + ––– = 1 x y
–2 3 (b) ––– + ––– = 1
3 –3 –1
­— x
2 – — – y = 1
Gradient = – –––– 3
–2
3 x ––– y
=— (c) — + = 1
4 1 –2
y
x – — = 1
23. (a) The equation of the straight line is 2
y – 2 = 4(x – 1) y
x
y = 4x – 4 + 2 ­–––
(d) + ––– = 1
1 – 4
y = 4x – 2 ­—
2
(b) The equation of the straight line is y
2x – — = 1
y – 3 = –4(x + 1) 4
y = –4x – 4 + 3
26. (a) y = 3x + 1
y = –4x – 1
Gradient, m = 3
(c) The equation of the straight line is
y-intercept = 1
1
y + 6 = —(x – 2) When y = 0, 0 = 3x + 1
4 1
1 1 x = – —
y = —x – — – 6 3
4 2 1
\ x-intercept = – —
1 13 3
y = —x – –––
4 2 (b) 2y = –4x – 3
3
y = –2x – —
24. (a) The equation of line AB is 2
y–1 4–1 Gradient, m = –2
––––– = ––––– 3
x–2 3–2 y-intercept = – —
= 3 2
y – 1 = 3(x – 2) 3
When y = 0, 2x = – —
= 3x – 6 2
3
3x – y – 5 = 0 x = – —
4
(b) The equation of line AB is 3
\ x-intercept = – —
y – (–3) –5 – (–3) 4
–––––––– = –––––––––
x – (–2) –1 – (–2) (c) 2x + y = 5
y+3 y = –2x + 5
––––– = –2 Gradient , m = –2
x+2
y + 3 = –2(x + 2) y-intercept = 5
= –2x – 4 When y = 0, 2x = 5
2x + y + 7 = 0 5
x = —
(c) The equation of line AB is 2
5
y–5 –2 – 5 \ x-intercept = —
––––––– = ­­–––––––– 2
x – (–1) 0 – (–1)
1
y–5 (d) 2y – —x + 5 = 0
––––– = –7 2
x+1 1
2y = —x – 5
y – 5 = –7(x + 1) 2
= –7x – 7 1 5
y = —x – —
7x + y + 2 = 0 4 2
1
Gradient, m = —
4
5
y-intercept = – —
2

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

1 5 (b)
x + 2y = 1.................................... 1
When y = 0, —x = — x
4 2 — – 4 = 3y.................................. 2
x = 10 2
\ x-intercept = 10 2 × 2, x – 8 = 6y
x – 6y = 8..................... 3
x y
(e) — + — = 1 3 – 1, –8y = 7
2 3
7
3 y = – —
Gradient , m = – — 8
2
x-intercept = 2 7
Substitute y = – — into 1,
y-intercept = 3 8
7

8 1
x + 2 – — = 1 2 7
1 1 x = 1 + —
—
(f) x – —y + 4 = 0
2 3 4
1 1 11
—x – —y = –4 = –––
2 3 4
1 1 11 7
—
2
x — y
3 = – 4
\ Point of intersection = –––, – —
4 81 2
­­–––– – ­­–––– –––
– 4 – 4 – 4 (c) 2x + 3y = 5................................... 1
x y 6x – 2y = –1................................. 2
– — + ––– = 1
8 12
12 1 × 3, 6x + 9y = 15................. 3
Gradient, m = – ––– 3 – 2, 11y = 16
–8
3 16
=— y = –––
2 11
16
\ x-intercept = –8 Substitute y = ––– into 1,
11
y-intercept = 12
16
1 2
2x + 3 ––– = 5
11
48
2x = 5 – –––
27. (a) 2y = 3x – 1 11
3x – 2y – 1 = 0 7
= –––
y 11
x
(b) — = — + 1 7
2 3 x = –––
22
x y
2 1 2
6 — = 6 — + 1
3 1 2
7 16
\ Point of intersection –––, ––– 1 2
22 11
3x = 2y + 6
3x – 2y – 6 = 0 29. (a) y = 2x – 1
\ Gradient = 2
x+1 y
(c) ––––– = — 2y = 4x + 3
3 4
4(x + 1) = 3y 3
y = 2x + —
4x + 4 = 3y 2
4x – 3y + 4 = 0 \ Gradient = 2
Hence, the two lines are parallel.
28. (a) y = 3x – 1........................ 1 (b) 3x – y + 4 = 0
y = 4x + 5........................ 2 y = 3x + 4
\ Gradient = 3
1 = 2, 3x – 1 = 4x + 5
4x – 3x = –1 – 5 3x + y – 5 = 0
x = –6 y = –3x + 5
\ Gradient = –3
Substitute x = –6 into 1,
y = 3(–6) – 1 Hence, the two lines are not parallel.
= –19
\ Point of intersection = (–6, –19)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

x y 31. (a) y = 3x – 6
(c) — + — = 1 \ Gradient = 3
2 3
3 The equation for the parallel line is
\ Gradient = – —
2 y – 2 = 3(x – 1)
2y = –3x – 5 y = 3x – 3 + 2
3 5 y = 3x – 1
y = – —x – —
2 2 (b) 2y = 4x + 3
3
\ Gradient = – — 3
2 y = 2x + ­—
2
Hence, the two lines are parallel.
\ Gradient = 2
The equation for the parallel line is
30. (a) y = –3x – 1
y – 3 = 2(x + 1)
\ Gradient = –3
y = 2x + 2 + 3
y = kx + 4 y = 2x + 5
\ Gradient = k
(c) 4x – y + 1 = 0
Since the two lines are parallel, y = 4x + 1
\ k = –3 \ Gradient = 4
(b) y = 4x + 3 The equation for the parallel line is
\ Gradient = 4 y + 2 = 4(x – 0)
k y = 4x – 2
y = ­—x – 5
2 y
\ Gradient = ­—
k ­ x – — = 1
(d) —
2 2 6
Since the two lines are parallel, –6
\ Gradient = – –––
k 2
\ ­— = 4 =3
2
k = 8 The equation for the parallel line is
(c)
x + 2y = 4 y + 3 = 3(x + 1)
y = – — ­1x+2 y = 3x + 3 – 3
2 y = 3x
1
\ Gradient = – ­—
2
32. (a) y = 4x – 1
y – 2kx + 3 = 0 \ Gradient = 4
y = 2kx – 3
\ Gradient = 2k ­1x+3
y = – —
4
Since the two lines are parallel,
­1
\ Gradient = – —
1 4
\ 2k = – ­—
2 1
k = – ­—
1 m1 × m2 = (4) – ­—1
4 2
4 = –1
x y \ The two lines are perpendicular.
(d) ­— + ­— = 0 (b) 2y = –6x + 5
2 4
4 5
\ Gradient = – ­— y = –3x + ­—
2 2
= –2 \ Gradient = –3
3y – kx – 4 = 0 ­1x–4
y = —
3y = kx + 4 3
4 1

k
y = ­—x + ­— \ Gradient = ­—
3 3 3
k 1
\ Gradient = ­—
3
m1 × m2 = (–3) ­—
3 1 2
= –1
Since the two lines are parallel, \ The two lines are perpendicular.
k
\ ­— = –2
3
k = –6

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

(c)
x + 2y = 5 ­2
\ Gradient = – —
2y = –x + 5 k
1 5 1
y = – ­—x + ­— y = ­—x – 1
2 2 6
1 1
\ Gradient = – ­— \ Gradient = ­—
2 6
2y – 4x = 7 m1 × m2 = –1
2y = 4x + 7 2 1
7
1 k 621 2
– ­— ­— = –1
y = 2x + ­— 1
2 – ­––– = –1
\ Gradient = 2 3k
3k = 1
m1 × m2 = – —­ 1 (2)
1 2 1
2 k = ­—
3
= –1
\ The two lines are perpendicular. (c) 2y + 4kx = 3
2y = –4kx + 3
(d)
x – y = 8 3
y = –2kx + ­—
y = x – 8 2
\ Gradient = 1 \ Gradient = –2k
2x + y = 1 y
­x +—=1
—
y = –2x + 1 2 6
\ Gradient = –2 6
\ Gradient = – ­—
2
m1 × m2 = (1)(–2)
= –3
= –2
\ The two lines are not perpendicular. m1 × m2 = –1
(–2k)(–3) = –1
y
­x –—=1
(e) — 6k = –1
2 4
–4 ­1
k = – —
\ Gradient = – ­––– 6
2 1
=2 ­—
(d) kx + 2y = 5
2
1
3y = –x + 6 2y = – ­—kx + 5
2
1 1
y = – ­—x + 2
3 y = – ­—kx + ­5
—
4 2
­1
\ Gradient = – — \ Gradient = – ­—k
1
3 4
4x + 3y = 6
­1
m1 × m2 = (2) – — 1 2 3y = –4x + 6
3
2 4
= – ­— y = – ­—x + 2
3 3
\ The two lines are not perpendicular. 4
\ Gradient = – ­—
3
33. (a) y = kx – 1 m1 × m2 = –1
\ Gradient = k
y = 4x + 3
1– ­—41 k21– ­—43 2 = –1
\ Gradient = 4 ­ k = –1
—
3
m1 × m2 = –1 k = –3
(4)(k) = –1
1
k = – ­—
4 34. (a) y = 4x – 1
(b) 2x + ky = 1 \ Gradient = 4
ky = –2x + 1 The equation of the perpendicular line is
2 1 1
y = – ­—x + ­— y – 3 = – ­—(x – 1)
k k 4

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

6 – (–3)
­1x+
y = – — ­1 +3
— 37. Gradient of AB = ­––––––––
4 4 5 – (–1)
1 13 9
y = – ­—x + ­––– = —
­
4 4 6
3
­1x+4
(b) y = – — = ­—
2 2
1 2
\ Gradient = – ­— Gradient of PQ = – ­—
2 3
The equation of the perpendicular line is
y – 2 = 2(x + 1) The equation of line PQ is
y = 2x + 2 + 2 2
y – 6 = – ­—(x – 5)
y = 2x + 4 3
2 10
(c) 2x – y = 2 y = – ­—x + ­––– + 6
3 3
y = 2x – 2 2 28
\ Gradient = 2 y = – ­—x + ­–––
3 3
The equation of the perpendicular line is
1 38. (a) The equation of locus is
y + 3 = – ­—(x – 0) (x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = 2
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
2
1 x2 + y2 = 4
y = – ­—x – 3 x2 + y2 – 4 = 0
2
x y (b) The equation of locus is
(d) ­— + — = 1
3 4 (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 3
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
4 (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9
\ Gradient = – ­—
3 x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4 – 9 = 0
The equation of the perpendicular line is x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 4 = 0
3
y + 2 = ­—(x + 1) (c) The equation of locus is
4
3 3 (x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
y = ­—x + ­— – 2 (x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16
4 4
3 5 x + 2x + 1 + y2 – 6y + 9 – 16 = 0
2

y = ­—x – ­— x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y – 6 = 0
4 4

35. y = 2x – 1............................................. 1 PA
39. (a) ­––– = 1
y = 4x + 3............................................ 2 PB
PA = PB
1 = 2, 2x – 1 = 4x + 3
–2x = 4 (x – 0)2 + (y – 1)2 = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2
x = –2 x + (y – 1) = (x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2
2 2

x2 + y2 – 2y + 1 = x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9
Substitute x = –2 into 1,
4x + 4y – 12 = 0
y = 2(–2) – 1
x + y – 3 = 0
= –5
Hence, the equation of locus is x + y – 3 = 0.
\ Point of intersection = (–2, –5) PA 1
(b) ­––– = ­—
The equation of the line is PB 2
y + 5 = 3(x + 2) PB = 2PA
y = 3x + 6 – 5 (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBB (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2
y = 3x + 1 (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4[(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2]
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9 = 4(x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4)
36. 2x – y = 4 = 4x2 – 8x + 4 + 4y2 – 16y + 16
y = 2x – 4 3x2 + 3y2 – 12x – 10y + 7 = 0
\ Gradient = 2 Hence, the equation of locus is
The equation of the line is 3x2 + 3y2 – 12x – 10y + 7 = 0.
y – 2 = 2(x + 1)
y = 2x + 2 + 2
y = 2x + 4

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

PA — 2 44.
(c) ––– =
y
PB 3 P(x, y)

3PA = 2PB
(x + 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
3ABBBBBBBBBBB (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 A(1, 2)
9[(x + 1) + (y – 4) ] = 4[(x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2]
2 2
x
0
9(x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 8y + 16)
= 4(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9) PA = y
(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = y
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
9x2 + 18x + 9 + 9y2 – 72y + 144
(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = y2
= 4x2 + 16x + 16 + 4y2 + 24y + 36
x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4 – y2 = 0
5x2 + 5y2 + 2x – 96y + 101 = 0 x2 – 2x – 4y + 5 = 0
The equation of locus is The equation of the locus of P is x2 – 2x – 4y + 5 = 0.
5x2 + 5y2 + 2x – 96y + 101 = 0.

40. Substitute y = 0 into x2 + y2 = 4,

x2 = 4
x = ±2
1. (a)
The points of intersection are (2, 0) and (–2, 0). B(5, 8)

T(2, t)
41. PA = PO
A(–1, –4)
(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = ABBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB x2 + y2
(x – 1) + (y – 2) = x + y2
2 2 2
Gradient TB = Gradient AB
x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4 = x2 + y2
t – 8 = 8 – (–4)
2x + 4y – 5 = 0
2–5 5 – (–1)
The equation of locus P is 2x + 4y – 5 = 0.
t – 8 = 12
When x = 0, 4y – 5 = 0 –3 6
5 12
y = ­— t – 8 =  (–3)
4 6
5 t – 8 = –6
\ y-intercept = ­—
4 t = 2
When y = 0, 2x – 5 = 0
5 (b)
x = ­— 2 B(5, 8)
2
5 1
\ x-intercept = ­— P(x, y)
2 A(–1, –4)

42.
x2 + y2 – 200 = 0.................................. 1
y – x = 0.................................. 2 (x, y) = 1 × 5 + 2(–1)  ,  1 × 8 + 2(–4)
1 2
1+2 1+2
From 2, y = x..................................... 3
5 – 2 8 – 8
Substitute 3 into 1, = 1 3
 , 
3 2
x2 + x2 – 200 = 0 = (1, 0)
2x2 = 200 The coordinates of P are (1, 0).
x2 = 100
x = ±10
2. y = mx – c
Substitute x = ±10 into 3, \ Gradient = m
y = ±10
y = (3 – c)x + m
The points of intersection are (10, 10) and (–10, –10).
\ Gradient = 3 – c
43. y m1 × m2 = –1
(m)(3 – c) = –1
1
5 units 3 – c = – ­—
m
x
0 1
5 units c = 3 + ­—
m

The equations of locus are y = 5 and y = –5.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

3. 2x + 4y – 1 = 0 5. y = –2x + 1
4y = –2x + 1 \ Gradient of QR = –2
1 1 1
y = – ­—x + ­— Gradient of PQ = ­—
2 4 2
1
\ Gradient = – ­— The equation of line PQ is
2
y x 1
­— – ­— = 1 y = ­—x + 2....................................1
6 3 2
y x y = –2x + 1....................................2
­— + ­––– = 1
6 –3
6 ­ 1 x + 2 = –2x + 1
1 = 2, —
\ Gradient = – ­––– 2
–3
=2 1
­—x + 2x = 1 – 2
1 2
1 2
m1 × m2 = – ­— (2)
2
5
­— x = –1
= –1 2
The two straight lines are perpendicular to each 2
x = – ­—
other. 5

­ 2 into 2,
Substitute x = – —
4. (a) 2y = –3x + 6 5
When x = 0, 2
2y = 6 1
y = –2 – ­— + 1
5 2
y = 3 —
­ 9
=
\  B(0, 3) 5
­ 2 , ­—
9
Gradient of AB = 6 – 3
The coordinates of Q are – —
5 5 1 . 2
–2 – 0
=– 3 x x x x
­ 1 1 2 3 1 = ±8

2
Gradient of the straight line that perpendicular to
6.

—
2 y y y y
1 2 3 1

AB is 2  . –1 4 2 –1
3 ­1
Equation of straight line that perpendicular to AB
—

2 3 h 0 3  = ±8

and passes through point B is y = 2 x + 3. ­ 1 [(–h + 0 + 6) – (12 + 2h + 0)] =

—
3 ±8
2
(b) A(–2, 6) –h + 6 – 12 – 2h = ±16
–3h – 6 = ±16
B(0, 3)
2 –3h = ±16 + 6
5 –3h = 16 + 6 , –3h = –16 + 6
C(x, y)
–3h = 22 , –3h = –10
2x + 5(–2) = 0 22 –10
h = – ­––– h = ­––––
2+5 3 –3
2x – 10 = 0 10
= –– –
­
x = 5 3

2y + 5(6) = 3 y
­ x + ­— = 1.
7. (a) The equation of PQ is – —
2+5 4 8
2y + 30 = 21 (b) 1
2y = –9 Q(0, 8)

y = – 9
3 S(x, y)

2
P(–4, 0)
The coordinates of C are 5, –   9 .
1 2
2 1(–4) + 3(0) 1(0) + 3(8)
1
(x, y) = ––––––––––– , ––––––––– )
3+1 3+1
= (–1, 6)
The coordinates of S are (–1, 6).

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

y Let the coordinates of E be (0, y1).

­ x + ­— = 1
(c) – —
4 8 y1 – 0 3
8 –––––– = ­—
\ Gradient of PQ = – ­––– 0–6 2
–4 3
=2 y1 = ­—(–6)
2
1 y1 = –9
\ Gradient of RS = – ­—
2
­1 ×6×9
Area of ∆COE = —
Let the coordinates of R be (x1, 0). 2
0–6 1 = 27 unit2
––––––– = – ­—

x1 – (–1) 2
–6 1 9. (a) (i)
x + 2y – 6 = 0
––––––– = – ­—

x1 – (–1) 2 2y = –x + 6
x1 + 1 = 12 1
y = – ­—x + 3
x1 = 11 2
1
Hence, the x-intercept of RS is 11. \ Gradient of PQ = – ­—
2
Gradient of RQ = 2
The equation of line RQ is
(6 – 3)2 + (0 – 2)2
8. (a) (i) Radius of the circle = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
y + 3 = 2(x – 1)
9+4
= ABBBB y = 2x – 2 – 3
13 units
= ABB y = 2x – 5
PB = ABB13 (ii) y = 2x – 5................... 1
x + 2y – 6 = 0............................ 2
(x – 3) + (y – 2) = ABB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB 2
13
2

(x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 13 Substitute 1 into 2,

x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4 – 13 = 0 x + 2(2x – 5) – 6 = 0
x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y = 0 x + 4x – 10 – 6 = 0
5x = 16
The equation of the locus of point P is 16
x = –––
x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y = 0. 5
(ii) Substitute D(t, 4) into the equation of locus, 16
Substitute x = ––– into 1,
t2 + 42 – 6t – 4(4) = 0 5
16
t2 – 6t = 0 y = 2 ––– – 5
51 2
t(t – 6) = 0
7
t = 0 or t – 6 = 0 = ­—
5
t = 6 16 7
The coordinates of Q are –––, ­— . 1
5 5 2
(b) y
(b)
S(x, y)
B(3, 2) 3
x
O C(6, 0) 16 –)
7
Q(–,
2 5 5

R(1, –3)

16 7 3(1) + 2x 3(–3) + 2y
1–––
5 52 1 2+3
, ­— = –––––––– , ––––––––– 2
E(0, y1)

2+3
2–0 3 + 2x 2y – 9
Gradient of BC = –––––
3–6 1
= ––––––, ––––––
5 5 2
2
= – ­— 16 3 + 2x 7 2y – 9
3 \ ––– = –––––– and ­— = ––––––
3 5 5 5 5
\ Gradient of CE = ­— 3 + 2x = 16 2y – 9 = 7
2
13 y = 8
x = –––
2
13
The coordinates of S are –––, 8 .
2 1 2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

(c) RM = 3
(x – 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 3
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(x – 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9
x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 9 (5 – 1)2 + (5 – 2)2
1. AB = ABBBBBBBBBBBB
x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y + 1 = 0 16 + 9
= ABBBBB
The equation of the locus of point M is = 5 units
x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y + 1 = 0. AB = 2BC
5
BC = ­— units
2
10. (a) Area of ∆ABC
1 0 2 –2 0
= ­—

2 –3 –1 4 –3  2.
A (k
AB = 16
+ 1) + (4 – 3)2 = 16
BBBBBBBBBBBB
2
1
= ­—(0 + 8 + 6) – (–6 + 2 + 0) (k + 1)2 + 1 = 256
2
1 (k + 1)2 = 255
= ­—14 + 4 255
k + 1 = ±ABBB
2
= 9 unit2 255 – 1
k = ±ABBB
3(–2) + 1(2) 3(4) + 1(–1)
1
(b) D = –––––––––––, ––––––––––– 2 255 – 1, –ABBB
= ABBB 255 – 1
1+3 1+3
11
= –1, ––– 14 2 3. E is the midpoint of AC.
(c) (i) PA = 2PC 1 + 7 , –––––
2+6
1
E = –––––
2 2 2
(x + 2) + (y
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
2
– 4)2
(x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2
= 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
= (4, 4)
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 = 4[(x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2]
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16
= 4[x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1] 4.
= 4x2 – 16x + 16 + 4y2 + 8y + 4 2 C(x, y)

3x + 3y – 20x + 16y = 0
2 2 1
B(0, 4)
The equation of the locus of point P is A(–2, 0)
3x2 + 3y2 – 20x + 16y = 0.
(ii) Assume the locus intersects the x-axis, AB : AC = 1 : 3
substitute y = 0 into the equation of locus. \ AB : BC = 1 : 2
3x2 – 20x = 0
x(3x – 20) = 0 2(–2) + 1(x) 2(0) + 1(y)
20 1
(0, 4) = –––––––––––,
1+2
––––––––––
1+2
2
x = 0, x = –––
3 x–4 y
Hence, the locus intersects the x-axis at two 1
= –––––, ­—
3 3 2
points. x – 4 y
\ ––––– = 0 and ­— = 4
3 3
11. x = 4 y = 12
2 B(6, 10)
The coordinates of C are (4, 12).
1
P(x, y)
A(2, 4)
5. Let the coordinates of D be (0, y).
nx1 + mx2 ny1 + my2 Gradient of CD = Gradient of AC
1
(x, y) = –––––––––
m+n
, –––––––––
m+n 2 y–6 6–1
––––– = –––––––
2(2) + 1(6) 2(4) + 1(10) 0–3 3 – (–2)
1
= –––––––––– , –––––––––––
1+2 1+2 2 y – 6 = –3(1)
y = 3
10
1
= –––, 6
3 2
10
The coordinates of P are –––, 6 .
3 1 2

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

0 5 3 0 10. (a) 2x – y = 4
­1
Area of ∆BCD = —

2 3 2 6 3  y = 2x – 4
Gradient of CD = 2
1 \ Gradient of AB = 2
= ­—(0 + 30 + 9) – (15 + 6 + 0)
2
1 The equation of line AB is
= ­—39 – 21 y – 5 = 2(x – 2)
2
y = 2x – 4 + 5
= 9 unit2
y = 2x + 1

6. Area of quadrilateral PQRS (b) y = –x – 2............................. 1

2x – y = 4..................................... 2
1 0 5 2 –1 0
= ­—

2 –3 –2 6 1 –3  Substitute 1 into 2,
2x – (–x – 2) = 4
1
= ­—(0 + 30 + 2 + 3) – (–15 – 4 – 6 + 0) 2x + x + 2 = 4
2
1 3x = 2
= ­—35 + 25 2
2 x = ­—
= 30 unit2 3
2
Substitute x = ­— into 1,
3
7. Area of ∆ABC = 16 2
–1 0 k –1 3 1 2
y = – ­— – 2
­1
—

2 2 3 4 2 
= 16 8
= – ­—
3
(–3 + 0 + 2k) – (0 + 3k – 4) = 32
­ 2 , – ­—
8
1 – k = 32
The coordinates of D are —
3 1 3
. 2
1 – k = 32 or 1 – k = –32
k = –31 k = 33
11. (a) PA = 5
5 – (–1) (x + 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 5
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
8. (a) Gradient = ––––––– (x + 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25
3 – (–3)
=1 x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4 – 25 = 0
x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 20 = 0
The equation of line ABCD is
y – 5 = 1(x – 3) The equation of the locus of point P is
y = x – 3 + 5 x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 20 = 0.
y = x + 2 (b) Substitute x = 2 and y = k into the equation,
(b) y-intercept = 2 4 + k2 + 2(2) – 4k – 20 = 0
When y = 0, 0 = x + 2 k2 – 4k – 12 = 0
x = –2 (k – 6)(k + 2) = 0
\ x-intercept = –2 k – 6 = 0 or k + 2 = 0
k = 6 k = –2
9. (a) Gradient of RQ = –2
­1
\ Gradient of PQ = —
2 12. AP : PB = 2 : 3
The equation of PQ is AP 2
––– = ­—
1 PB 3
y + 1 = ­—(x + 4)
2 3AP = 2PB
1 (x – 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
3ABBBBBBBBBBBB (x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2
y = ­—x + 2 – 1
2 9[(x – 1)2 + (y – 4)2] = 4[(x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2]
1 9(x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 8y + 16)
y = ­—x + 1
2 = 4(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4)
(b) For y = –2x + 1, 9x2 – 18x + 9 + 9y2 – 72y + 144
when y = 0, 0 = –2x + 1 = 4x2 – 24x + 36 + 4y2 + 16y + 16
1 5x2 + 5y2 + 6x – 88y + 101 = 0
x = ­—
2
1 The equation of the locus of point P is
The x-intercept of RQ is ­—. 5x2 + 5y2 + 6x – 88y + 101 = 0.
2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

13. (a) Substitute x = 1 and y = k into x2 + y2 = 4, (b) Let the intersection of line PQ and the y-axis be
1 + k2 = 4 S(0, y1).
k2 = 3 Gradient of PS = Gradient of PQ
k = AB 3 y1 – 5 5–3
–––––– = –––––––
0–3 3 – (–2)
AB3 – 0 2
(b) Gradient of OA = –––––– y1 – 5 = ­—(–3)
1–0 5
6
3
= AB y1 = – ­— + 5
5
1 19
Gradient of tangent at A = – ––– = –––
AB3 5
19
The equation of the tangent at A is The y-intercept of line PQ is –––.
5
1
3 = – –––(x – 1)
y – AB
AB3
(c) ­ 1 MR
QM = —
1 1 2
y = – –––x + ––– + AB 3
AB3 AB3 \ QM : MR = 1 : 2
1 4
y = – –––x + ––– 1
AB3 AB3 Q(–2, 3)
M(x, y) 2

14. (a) Let the coordinates of C be (x, y). R(6, 1)

2 + x –2 + y
1
(4, 0) = –––––, ––––––
2 2 2 2(–2) + 1(6) 2(3) + 1(1)
2+x –2 + y 1
(x, y) = –––––––––––, ––––––––––
1+2 1+2 2
\ ––––– = 4 and –––––– = 0
2 2
­ 2 , ­—
7
x = 6 y = 2 = —
3 3 1 2
The coordinates of C are (6, 2).
­ 2 , ­—
7
The coordinates of M are —
3 3 1 . 2
0 – (–2)
(b) Gradient of BC = –––––––
4–2
=1 16. (a) Let the intersection of line BC and the y-axis be
\ Gradient of AD = –1 E(0, y).
The equation of line AD is Gradient of BE = Gradient of BC
y – 0 = –1(x – 4) y–4 4 – (–8)
y = –x + 4 ––––– = –––––––
0–3 3 – (–1)
(c) Let the point of intersection of BC at the y-axis 12
be E(0, y).
y – 4 = –3 –––
4 1 2
Gradient of BD = Gradient of BE = –9
y – (–2) y = –5
1 = –––––––
0–2 The y-intercept of line BC is –5.
–2 = y + 2
y = –4
(b) Gradient of AD = Gradient of BC
The y-intercept of line BC is – 4.
4 – (–8)
= –––––––
3 – (–1)
15. (a) Area of ∆PQR =3
3 –2 6 3
­1
= —

2 5 3 1 5 

The equation of line AD is
y – 6 = 3(x + 3)
= 3x + 9
= —­ 1 (9 – 2 + 30) – (–10 + 18 + 3) y = 3x + 15
2
1
= ­—37 – 11
2
= 13 unit2

15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

(c) Let the coordinates of D be (x, y). (c) x – 2y + 4 = 0

Midpoint of BD = Midpoint of AC When x = 0, –2y + 4 = 0
3+x 4+y –3 + (–1) 6 + (–8) y = 2
12 2 2 1
––––– , ––––– = ––––––––, –––––––
2 2 2 \ F(0, 2)
= (–2, –1) Area of ∆BCF
3+x 4+y 1 0 –1 8 0
\ ––––– = –2 and
2
x = –7
––––– = –1
2
4 + y = –2
= ­—

2 2 –3 6 2 
y = –6 1
= ­—(0 – 6 + 16) – (–2 – 24 + 0)
2
The coordinates of D are (–7, –6). 1
= ­—10 + 26
2
(d) Area of rectangle ABCD
= 18 unit2
1 3 –3 –7 –1 3
= ­—

2 4 6 –6 –8 4  18. (a) y = –2x + 6
1 Gradient of AB = –2
= ­—(18 + 18 + 56 – 4) – (–12 – 42 + 6 – 24)
2 \ Gradient of CD = –2
1 The equation of line CD is
= ­—88 + 72
2 y + 3 = –2(x – 1)
= 80 unit2 = –2x + 2
y = –2x – 1
17. (a) Gradient of BC = Gradient of CD
(b) Substitute x = 2 and y = k into y = –2x + 6,
0 – (–3)
= –––––––– k = –2(2) + 6
2 – (–1)
k = 2
=1
The equation of line BC is Gradient of CE = Gradient of BC
y – 0 = 1(x – 2) 0 – (–3) 2 – (–3)
––––––– = –––––––
y = x – 2..........1 p–1 2–1
Equation of AB, x – 2y + 4 = 0................2 3 = 5(p – 1)
Substitute 1 into 2, 3
p – 1 = ­—

x – 2(x – 2) + 4 = 0 5
–x + 8 = 0 8
p = ­—
x = 8 5

Substitute x = 8 into 1, (c)

B(2, 2)
y = 8 – 2 n
= 6
8 0)
The coordinates of B are (8, 6). E(–,
5
m
(b) B(8, 6)
C(1, –3)
3
Use y-coordinate,
(–3)n + 2m
C(–1, –3) –––––––––– = 0

2 m+n
2m – 3n = 0
E(x, y)
2m = 3n
3
­–m
3x + 2(8) 3y + 2(6)
n– = ­—
2
1
(–1, –3) = –––––––– , ––––––––
2+3 2+3 2 \ CE : EB = 3 : 2
3x + 16 3y + 12
1
= ––––––– , ––––––– 2 ­1
0 1 2 0

3x + 16
5 5
3y + 12
\ ––––––– = –1 and ––––––– = –3
(d) Area of ∆BOC = —

2 0 –3 2 0 
5 5 1
= ­—(0 + 2 + 0) – (0 – 6 + 0)
3x = –21 3y = –27 2
x = –7 y = –9 1
—
­
= 2 + 6
2
The coordinates of E are (–7, –9).
= 4 unit2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

19. (a) PA : PB = 1 : 2 Area of ∆ABC = 20

PA 1 1
––– = ­— ­— 82 = 20
× d × ABB
PB 2 2
40
PB = 2PA d = ––––
(x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB (x – 0)2 + (y – 1)2 82
ABB
(x – 2)2 + y2 = 4[x2 + (y – 1)2] = 4.417 units
x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 = 4(x2 + y2 – 2y + 1)
= 4x2 + 4y2 – 8y + 4 (b)
3x2 + 3y2 + 4x – 8y = 0 Q(h, k)

­ 4 and y = 0 into
(b) Substitute x = – —
3 P(–1, –3)
3x2 + 3y2 + 4x – 8y = 0,
LHS = 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x – 8y –1 + h , ––––––
–3 + k
1
Midpoint of PQ = ––––––
2 2
2
4 2 4
1 3 2 1
3 2
= 3 – ­— + 3(0)2 + 4 – ­— – 8(0) Since the midpoint of PQ lies on the perpendicular
16 16 bisector, so we substitute x = –––––– –1 + h and
= ­––– – ­–––
3 3 2
=0 –3 + k into 3x + 5y – 16 = 0,
y = ––––––
= RHS 2
4 –1 + h + 5 ––––––
–3 + k – 16 = 0
1 2
Hence, the point – ­—, 0 lies on the locus of P.
3
1
3 ––––––
2
2 1 2
2
–3 + 3h + ––––––––
–15 + 5k – 16 = 0
(c) Substitute y = 0 into 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x – 8y = 0, –––––––
2 2
3x2 + 4x = 0
–3 + 3h – 15 + 5k – 32 = 0
x(3x + 4) = 0
3h + 5k = 50..........1
x = 0 or 3x + 4 = 0
4 3x + 5y – 16 = 0
x = – ­— 5y = –3x + 16
3
4 3 16
The points of intersection are (0, 0) and (– ­—, 0). y = – ­—x + –––
3 5 5
3
(d) Substitute x = 0 into 3x2 + 3y2 + 4x – 8y = 0, Gradient of perpendicular bisector = – ­—
5
3y2 – 8y = 0 5
\ Gradient of line PQ = ­—
y(3y – 8) = 0 3
y = 0 or 3y – 8 = 0 The equation of line PQ is
8 5
y = ­— y + 3 = ­—(x + 1)
3 3
Since there are values for y-coordinate, then the 5 5
= ­—x + ­—
locus intersects the y-axis. 3 3
5 4
y = ­—x – ­—
3 3
20. (a) Area of ∆ABC
Substitute x = h, y = k into the equation of PQ,
1 –1 8 4 –1
= ­—

2 2 3 7 2 
5 4
k = ­—h – ­—................................. 2
3 3
1
= ­—(–3 + 56 + 8) – (16 + 12 – 7) Substitute 2 into 1,
2
1 5 4
= ­—61 – 21
2 3 1
3h + 5 ­—h – ­— = 50
3 2
25 20
= 20 unit2 3h + –––h – ––– = 50
3 3
Let d be the perpendicular distance from B to line 25 20
AC. 1
3 3h + –––h – ––– = 3(50)
3 3 2
[(8 – (–1)]2 + (3 – 2)2
Distance of AC = ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 9h + 25h – 20 = 150
81 + 1
= ABBBBB 34h = 170
82 units
= ABB h = 5

17 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

Substitute h = 5 into 1,
­1
(d) Gradient of AC = —
3(5) + 5k = 50 2
k = 7
­ 2 – (–2)
—
5
PA 1 Gradient of BD = ––––––––
21. (a) ––– = ­— 6
PB 2 – ­— – 0
5
PB = 2PA 12 5
(x – 0)2 + (y + 2)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB (x – 0)2 + (y – 1)2 1 21
= ––– – ­—
5 6 2
x + (y + 2) = 4[x2 + (y – 1)2]
2 2

x + y2 + 4y + 4 = 4(x2 + y2 – 2y + 1)
2
= –2

= 4x2 + 4y2 – 8y + 4
3x2 + 3y2 – 12y = 0 ­ 1 (–2)
Gradient of AC × Gradient of BD = —
2
x2 + y2 – 4y = 0 = –1
The equation of the locus of point P is Hence, lines AC and BD are perpendicular to each
x2 + y2 – 4y = 0. other.
(b) Substitute x = 2 and y = 2 into x2 + y2 – 4y = 0,
LHS = x2 + y2 – 4y
= 22 + 22 – 4(2) 22. (a) PQ = 10
=0 (q – 0)2 + (0 – p)2 = 10
ABBBBBBBBBBBB
= RHS p2 + q2 = 100
Hence, C(2, 2) lies on the locus of point P.
(b) (i) RQ = 3PR
2–1 \ PR : RQ = 1 : 3
(c) Gradient of AC = –––––
2–0
1
= ­— 3 Q(0, q)
2
1
Equation of AC, y = —­ 1 x + 1....................1
R(x, y)

2
P(p, 0)

Equation of locus, x2 + y2 – 4y = 0...........2

3p + 0 0 + q
Substitute 1 into 2, 1
(x, y) = ––––––, –––––
1+3 1+3 2
1 2
1
1 2
x2 + ­—x + 1 – 4 ­—x + 1 = 0
2 2 1 2 3p q
1
= –––, —
4 4 1 2
x2 + ­—x2 + x + 1 – 2x – 4 = 0
4
5 2 3p q
­—
4
x – x – 3 = 0 \ ––– = x
4
and —=y
4
5x2 – 4x – 12 = 0 4x q = 4y
(5x + 6)(x – 2) = 0
p = –––
3
5x + 6 = 0 or x – 2 = 0 4x
6 Substitute p = ––– and q = 4y into
x = – ­— x = 2 3
5 q2 + p2 = 100,
6 4x 2
Substitute x = – ­— into 1,
5 (4y)2 + ––– = 100
3 1 2
1 6
y = ­— – ­— + 1
2 5 1 2 16
16y2 + –––x2 = 100
3 9
= – —
­ +1 16 2
5 –––x + 16y – 100 = 0
2
2 9
= ­—
5 The equation of the locus of point R is
6 2
The coordinates of D are – ­—, ­— .
5 51 2 16
–––x2 + 16y2 – 100 = 0.
9

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 18

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

16
(ii) Substitute y = 0 into –––x2 + 16y2 – 100 = 0,
9
16
–––x2 – 100 = 0 1. Substitute x = 2, y = t into equation x2 + y2 = 16,
9 22 + t2 = 16
9
x2 = 100 –––
16 1 2 t2 = 12
12
t = ±ABB

900
x = ± –––
16
ABBBB 12
Based on the diagram, t = ABB
30
= ± ––
4 12 – 0
ABB
Gradient of OA = –––––––
15 2–0
= ± –––
2 12
ABB
15 = ––––
The x-coordinate of R is – –––. 2
2
4×3
12 = ABBBB
ABB
2AB 3
23. (a) Gradient of PQ × Gradient of RQ = –1 = –––– = AB 4 × AB
3
2
5–2 t–2 = 2AB
3
1 21
1–4 r–4
2
––––– ––––– = –1 = AB
3
1
t–2 Gradient of tangent AB is – –––
1 2
(–1) ––––– = –1
r–4
AB3
t – 2 = r – 4 Equation of tangent AB is
t = r – 2
1
(b) Area of ∆PQR 12 = – –––(x – 2)
y – ABB
AB3
1 1 r 4 1
= ­—

2 5 t 2 5 
1 2
y = – –––x + ––– + ABB
AB3 AB3
12
1
= ­—(t + 2r + 20) – (5r + 4t + 2) 1 2
2 = – –––x + ––– + 2AB 3
1 AB3 AB3
= ­—(t + 2r + 20 – 5r – 4t – 2)
2
1 2. Let P(x, y)
= ­—(–3t – 3r + 18)
2 Gradient of PQ = Gradient of RS
3 3 y – (–1) 4–2
= – ­—t – ­—r + 9 –––––––– = ––––––––
2 2 x – (–1) 0 – (–2)
3 = 1
= 9 – ­—(r + t)
2 y + 1 = x + 1
y = x............................. 1
(c) Given the area of rectangle PQRS = 30 unit2
\ Area of ∆PQR = 15 unit2 mPS × mPQ = –1
3
9 – ­—(r + t) = 15 y+1
2 y–4
3 ––––– × ––––– = –1
—
­
– (r + t) = 6 x–0 x+1
2
y–4 y+1
r + t = –4................. 1 1 x 21x+1 2
––––– ––––– = –1
From (a), t = r – 2............. 2
(y – 4)(y + 1) = –x(x + 1)
Substitute 2 into 1, y2 – 3y – 4 = –x2 – x
r + r – 2 = –4 y2 – 3y + x2 + x – 4 = 0...................... 2
2r = –2
r = –1 Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 – 3x + x2 + x – 4 = 0
Substitute r = –1 into 2, 2x2 – 2x – 4 = 0
t = –1 – 2 x2 – x – 2 = 0
= –3 (x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
The coordinates of R are (–1, –3) x = –1 or x = 2
Based on the diagram, x = 2

19 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

Substitute x = 2 into 1, 5 + 3k – (–2 + 7k) = ±8

y=2 5 + 3k + 2 – 7k = ±8
7 – 4k = ±8
The coordinates of P are (2, 2).
4k = 7  8
Area of trapezium PQRS = 7 – 8 or 7 + 8
= –1 or 15
0 –2 –1 2 0
­1
=—

2 4 2 –1 2 4 
1 15
k = – ­— or ­–––
4 4
1
= ­— [(0 + 2 – 2 + 8) – (–8 – 2 – 2 + 0)] (b) Gradient of AB × Gradient of BC = –1
2
1 5 – (–1) 2k + 1
= ­— [8 – (–12)]
2

2–1 k–1 1
––––––– × –––––– = –1 2
1 2k + 1
= ­—(20)
2

k–1 1
6 –––––– = –1 2
= 10 unit2 6(2k + 1) = –1(k – 1)
12k + 6 = –k + 1
13k = –5
3. Gradient of AC = 3
5
k – (–2) k = – ­–––
–––––––– = 3 13
h – (–1)
k+2 (c) Gradient of AB = Gradient of BC
––––– = 3
h+1 5 – (–1) 2k – (–1)
––––––– = ––––––––
k + 2 = 3h + 3 2–1 k–1
k = 3h + 1..................... 1 2k + 1
6 = ––––––
k–1
Gradient of AB × Gradient of BC = –1 6k – 6 = 2k + 1
6 – (–2) k–6 4k = 7

3 – (–1) h–3 1
–––––––– × ––––– = –1 2 7
k = ­—
k–6 4
2 ––––– = –1
h–3 1 2
2(k – 6) = –1(h – 3)
4+r 9+t
2k – 12 = –h + 3
2
1
5. (a) Midpoint of PQ = ––––– , –––––
2
2
2k = –h + 15..........2
(b)
Substitute 1 into 2, y
2(3h + 1) = –h + 15 P(4, 9)
6h + 2 = –h + 15
7h = 13
A
13
h = –––
7
–
7 2
B
x
13 0 7
Substitute h = ––– into 1, 2y + x = 7
7
13 Gradient of PQ × Gradient of AB = –1
1 2
k = 3 ––– + 1
7 7
—
39
= ––– + 1
7
t–9
r–4
1 2
7
2
––––– – ––– = –1 1 2
46
= ––– t–9
7 1–––––
r–4
21– ­—12 2 = –1
4. (a) Area of ∆ABC = 4
t–9
Since there are two possible positions for point ––––– = 2
r–4
C,
t – 9 = 2(r – 4)
1 1 2 k 1
therefore ­—

2 –1 5 2k –1
= ±4
 = 2r – 8
t = 2r + 1
[(5 + 4k – k) – (–2 + 5k + 2k)] = ±8

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 20

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

(c) If r = –2, (b)

t = 2(–2) + 1 D(x, y)
= –3
3
[4 – (–2)]2 + [9 – (–3)]B
PQ = ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 2

36 + 144B
= ABBBBBB
B(–2, 12)
180
= ABBB 1

36 × 5
= ABBBBB A(–14, 0)

5 units
= 6AB (1)x + 3(–14)

–––––––––––– = –2
1+3
6. (a) (i) ––––––x – 42 = –2
y 4
x – 42 = –8
x = 34
D

(1)y + 3(0)
–––––––––– = 12
1+3
y = 4 × 12
= 48
B C The coordinates of D are (34, 48).

A(–14, 0)
E (c) (i) mAC = mAB
F
O
x
y–0 12 – 0
y + 3x – 6 = 0 –––––– = –––––––
0 + 14 –2 + 14
When x = 0, y 12
––– = –––
y + 3x – 6 = 0 14 12
y + 3(0) – 6 = 0 y = 14
y = 6 The coordinates of C are (0, 14).
The coordinates of E are (0, 6). Let the moving point be P(x, y).
When y = 0, PE = 2PC
y + 3x – 6 = 0 (x – 0)2 + (y – 6)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBB (x – 0)2 + (y – 14)2
0 + 3x – 6 = 0 x + (y – 6) = 4[x2 + (y – 14)2]
2 2

x = 2 x2 + y2 – 12y + 36 = 4(x2 + y2 – 28y + 196)

The coordinates of F are (2, 0). = 4x2 + 4y2 – 112y + 784
3x2 + 3y2 – 100y + 748 = 0
Let B = (x, y)
(ii) At the y-axis, x = 0
Since E is the midpoint of BF,
3y2 – 100y + 748 = 0
x+2
then ––––– = 0 b2 – 4ac = (–100)2 – 4(3)(748)
2 = 1024 . 0
x = –2
The locus intersects the y-axis.
y+0
––––– = 6
2
7. (a) y = 2x........................................... 1
y = 12
8
Therefore, the coordinates of B are y = ­—x ........................................... 2
(–2, 12).
1 = 2,
(ii) Area of quadrilateral OABE 8
2x = ­—x
1
= ­— 0 0 –2 –14 0 x2 = 4

2 0 6 12 0 0  x = ±2
1
= ­—[(0 + 0 + 0 + 0) – (0 – 12 – 168 + 0] Based on the diagram, x = 2.
2
1 Substitute x = 2 into 1,
= ­—  180 y = 2(2)
2
= 90 unit2 = 4
The coordinates of A are (2, 4).

21 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

(b) Let B(x, y) × 19, 57x2 + 2x – 232 = 0

1(x) + 3(0)
–––––––––– = 2 (2)2 – 4(57)(–232)
–2 ± ABBBBBBBBBBBB B
1+3 x = –––––––––––––––––––––
x = 8 2(57)
1(y) + 3(0) 52 900
–2 ± ABBBBB x = 2 is ignored
–––––––––– = 4 = –––––––––––– because it is
1+3 114
y = 16 x-coordinate for
116
The coordinates of B are (8, 16). = – ­–––– , 2 point P.
57
116
Substitute x = – ­–––– into 1,
­1.
(c) The gradient of the perpendicular line is – — 57
2
The equation of the straight line is 2 116 4
1

19 157 2
y = – ­––– – ­–––– + ­–––
19
y – 16 = – ­—(x – 8) 460
2 = ­–––––
1 1 083
= – x + 4 —
­
2 116 460
y = – ­—x + 20
1 1 57 1 083 2
The coordinates of S are – –­ –––, ­––––– .
2
8–6
9. (a) (i) Gradient of PR = –––––
8. (a) Substitute y = 0 into equation y = 3x2 – 12, 6–8
3x2 – 12 = 0 = –1
3(x2 – 4) = 0 Gradient of AC = –1 Since PR//AC
x2 – 4 = 0
The equation of line AC is
x2 = 4
y – 12 = –1(x – 10)
x = ±2
= –x + 10
Based on the graph, the coordinates of P are y = –x + 22
(2, 0).
(ii) The perpendicular bisector of BC is PR.
The coordinates of Q are (0, –19).
Gradient of PR = –1
0 – (–19)
Gradient of PQ = ––––––––– The equation of line PR is
2–0
19 y – 6 = –1(x – 8)
= ­––– y – 6 = –x + 8
2
y = –x + 14
The equation of line PQ is
19 (b) Area of ∆PQR
y – 0 = ­–––(x – 2)
2 1 6 10 8 6
= ­—
19
y = ­–––x – 19 
2 8 12 6 8 
2 1
= ­—|[(72 + 60 + 64) – (80 + 96 + 36)]|
2
(b) Gradient of line PS = – ­–2–– = 8 unit2
19
The equation of line PS is
Area of ∆ABC = 22(8)
y – 0 = – ­–2––(x – 2) = 32 unit2
19
Area of ∆PQR : Area of ∆ABC
y = – ­–2––x + ­–4–– = 8 : 32
19 19
=1:4
(c) y = – ­–2––x + ­–4––.......................... 1
19 19 (c) Let B(x, y)
y = 3x2 – 12.................................. 2 Since P is the midpoint of AB
x + 8 = 6 y + 14
1 = 2, \ ––––– and –––––– = 8
2 2
3x2 – 12 = – ­–2––x + ­–4–– x = 4 y = 2
19 19
2 232 Therefore, the coordinates of B are (4, 2).
3x + ­–––x – ­–––– = 0
2
19 19

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 22

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

­ 1 x – ­—
10. (a) OA = ABB80 3
(c) y = – — ............................. 1
(2k) + k2 = ABB
ABBBBBBB
2
80 2 4
y = 6x + 9.................................... 2
2
4k2 + k2 = 80
5k2 = 80 Substitute 1 into 2,
k2 = 16
1– ­—12 x – ­—34 2 = 6x + 9
2
k = ±4
Since k . 0, therefore k = 4.
1 2 1 3 3 2
(b) x-coordinate of B = 2k
­—
4 21 214 2 1
x + 2 – ­—x – ­— + – ­— = 6x + 9
4 2
­—x + ­—x + ­–9–– = 6x + 9
= 2(4) 1 3
2

= 8 4 4 16
1 3 9
­4
y-coordinate of B = – —
Given AC : CB
4 1 2
4 16 2
16 ­—x + ­—x + ­––– = 16(6x + 9)
2 =2:1
4x2 + 12x + 9 = 96x + 144
= –2 4x2 + 12x + 9 – 96x – 144 = 0
Therefore, the coordinates of B are (8, –2). 4x2 – 84x – 135 = 0
(2x + 3)(2x – 45) = 0
–2 – 0 2x – 45 = 0
(c) Gradient of OB = –––––– 45
8–0 x = ­–––
2
1 45
= – ­— Substitute x = ­––– into 1, 3
4 2 x = – ­— is ignored
2
­ 1 x.
The equation of OB is y = – — 1 45 3
4 2 2 1 2
y = – ­— ­––– – ­—
4
because it is
x-coordinate of Q.
45 3
11. (a) When y = 0, = – –
­ –– – —
­
4 4
y2 = 6x + 9 = –12
02 = 6x + 9
45
6x = –9 Therefore, the coordinates of S are ­–––, –12 .
2 1 2
9
x = – ­—
6 12. (a) Since PQRS is a parallelogram,
3 Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS
= – ­—
2 h + 6 2k – 5 2h – 1 , ––––––––
k+1+4
­ 3 , 0).
The coordinates of Q are (– —
1
–––––
2 2 2 1
, –––––– = ––––––
2 2 2
2
h+6 2h – 1 and –––––– k+5
2k – 5 = –––––
\ ––––– = ––––––

When x = 0, 2 2 2 2
y2 = 6(0) + 9 h + 6 = 2h – 1 2k – 5 = k + 5
y2 = 9 h = 7 k = 10
y = ±3
The coordinates of P are (0, 3). (b) P(7, 20), Q(14, 11), R(6, –5), S(–1, 4)
Let T(x, y) be the point of intersection of diagonals
The equation of PQ is PR and QS.
3–0 T(x, y) = Midpoint of PR
y – 3 = –––––––––(x – 0)
3 6+h
1
0 – – ­— 2 \ x = –––––
2 2
y – 3 = 2x 6 + 7
= –––––
y = 2x + 3 2
13
= ­–––
2
(b) Gradient of QS = – —­1 mPQ × mQS = –1 2k –5
2 y = ––––––
2
The equation of line QS is
= –––––– 20 – 5
1 3 2
21
y – 0 = – ­— x + ­—
2 2 15
1 3 = ­–––
y = – ­—x – ­— 2
2 4 Therefore, the point of intersection of diagonals
13 15
1
PR and QS is T ­–––, ­––– .
2 2 2
23 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

11 + 5 1(h) + 2(0)
(c) Gradient of QR = –––––– –––––––––– = 3
(b)
14 – 6 1+2
16 h + 0 = 9
= ­–––
8 h = 9
=2
1(k) + 2(– 4)
––––––––––– = 0
The equation of line passing through T and is 1+2
parallel to QR is k – 8 = 0
15 13 k = 8
1
y – ­––– = 2 x – ­–––
2 2 2
= 2x – 13 (c) y
15
y = 2x – 13 + ­–––
2
11
y = 2x – ­–––
2
x
O B(3, 0)
h
1 + 3 8 – 10
1
13. (a) A = –––––, ––––––
2 2 2
= (2, –1) A(0, –4)

(b) Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS Area of ∆AOB

8 – 10
1 + 3 –––––– h–4 k+5 1
1
–––––
2
,
2 2 1
= –––––, –––––
2 2 2 = ­— × (3) × (4)
2
h – 4 k + 5 = 6 unit2
1
(2, –1) = –––––, –––––
2 2 2
32 + (– 4)2
AB = ABBBBBBB
h–4 k+5
\ ––––– = 2 and ––––– = –1 = ABB25
2 2
h – 4 = 4 k + 5 = –2 = 5 units
h = 8 k = –7
Let h be the perpendicular distance from O to AB.
(c) P(1, 8), S(–4, 5) Area of ∆AOB = 6
8–5 1
Gradient of PS = –––––––– ­—(h)AB = 6
1 – (– 4) 2
3 1
= ­— ­—(h)(5) = 6
5 2
2×6
The equation of the line passing through A and h = –––––
5
parallel to PS is
12
3 = ­––– units
y – (–1) = ­—(x – 2) 5
5
3 6
y + 1 = ­—x – ­— 15. (a) y – 3x – 5 = 0
5 5
y = 3x + 5........................................1
3 6
y = ­—x – ­— – 1
5 5 (2 + k)x + 4y – 6 = 0
3 11 4y = –(2 + k)x + 6
y = ­—x – ­–––
5 5 (2 + k) 3
y = – ––––––x + ­—..............2
4 2
14. (a) For B, substitute y = 0 into 3y – 4x + 12 = 0, Since 1 and 2 are parallel,
– 4x + 12 = 0 therefore the gradients are the same.
x = 3 (2 + k)
3 = – ––––––
Therefore, the coordinates of B are (3, 0). 4
2 + k = –12
For A, substitute x = 0 into 3y – 4x + 12 = 0, k = –14
3y + 12 = 0
y = – 4 Substitute x = 1, y = t into y – 3x – 5 = 0,

t – 3(1) – 5 = 0
Therefore, the coordinates of A are (0, –4). t = 8

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 24

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6  

(b) A(1, 8) (b) When y = 0,

The line which is perpendicular to y – 3x – 5 = 0 3x2 + 23 = 0
1 23
has gradient of – ­—. x2 = – –­ ––
3 3


The equation of the line is
1
y – 8 = – ­—(x – 1)
x = ± – ­–––
23
3 ABBBB
3 Since x does not have real values, therefore the
1 1 locus does not intersect the x-axis.
y = – ­—x + ­— + 8
3 3
1 25 When x = 0,
y = – ­—x + ­–––
3 3 3y2 – 22y + 23 = 0
(–22)2 – 4(3)(23)B
–(–22) ± ABBBBBBBBBBB
(c) (2 + k)x + 4y – 6 = 0 y = ––––––––––––––––––––––––
2(3)
[2 + (–14)]x + 4y – 6 = 0
208
22 ± ABBB
–12x + 4y – 6 = 0 = ––––––––––
– 6x + 2y – 3 = 0................................1 6
1 25 = 1.263, 6.070
y = – ­—x + ­–––..............2 Therefore, the locus intersects the y-axis at two
3 3
points.
Substitute 2 into 1,
1 25
1 3 3 2
–  6x + 2 – ­—x + ­––– – 3 = 0 17. (a) Gradient of CD = Gradient of AB
5
2 50 ­— t–t
–6x – ­—x + ­––– – 3 = 0 2 6–0
3 3 ––––––– = –––––
3–0 5–2
2 50
1
3 – 6x – ­—x + ­––– – 3 = 0
3 3 2 3t
–––
2
–18x – 2x + 50 – 9 = 0 –––– = 2
3
–20x + 41 = 0 3t
41 ––– = 6
x = ­––– 2
20 2
t = 6 × ­—
41 3
Substitute x = –­ –– into 2,
20 = 4
1 41 25 x y
3 20 1 2
y = – ­— ­––– + ­–––
3
The equation of AD is ­— + ­— = 1.
2 4
41 25
= – ­––– + ­––– (b)
60 3 E(x, y)
153 1
= ­––––
20 B(5, 6)
Therefore, the point of intersection is

1­–41
––, ­–153 2
––– . 3
20 20

16. (a) Let P(x, y) A(2, 0)

PB = 2PA
3x + 1 × 2 = 5
(x – 4)2 + (y – 1)2 = 2ABBBBBBBBBBBB
ABBBBBBBBBBBB (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 –––––––––
1+3
Square both sides, 3x + 2 = 20
(x – 4)2 + (y – 1)2 = 4[(x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2] 3x = 18
x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 – 2y + 1 x = 6
= 4(x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 6y + 9) 3y + 1(0)
––––––––– = 6

= 4x2 – 8x + 4 + 4y2 – 24y + 36 1+3
x2 + y2 – 8x – 2y + 17 = 4x2 + 4y2 – 8x – 24y + 40 3y = 24
4x2 + 4y2 – 8x – 24y + 40 – x2 – y2 + 8x + 2y – 17 = 0 y = 8
3x2 + 3y2 – 22y + 23 = 0 Therefore, the coordinates of E are (6, 8).

25 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 6

18. (a) 1(3) + 2(6)

P(x, y) q = ––––––––––
1+2
= 5
4
The coordinates of D are (­—, 5).
3
Q(2, 3) R(6, 3)
(b) Area of ∆ABC
1 –1 –4 4 –1
= ­—

2 3 3 6 3 
1
= ­— |[(–3 – 24 + 12) – (–12 + 12 – 6)]|
Gradient of PQ × Gradient of PR = –1 2
1
y–3 y–3 = ­—|–9|
1
––––– ––––– = –1
x–2 x–6
21 2 2
9
(y – 3)2 = –1(x – 2)(x – 6) = ­— unit2
2
y – 6y + 9 = –(x2 – 8x + 12)
2

= –x2 + 8x – 12 (c) Area of ∆ADC = —­ 1 × Area of ∆ABC

y2 – 6y + 9 + x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 3
x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 21 = 0 1 9
= ­— × ­—
3 2
(b) x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 21 = 0.........................1 3
= —
­ unit2
x = 2y 2
1 20. (a) P(–1, 3), Q(5, 9), R(2, 12), S(x, y).
y = ­—x......................................................2
2 Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS
Substitute 2 into 1, –1 + 2 3 + 12 x+5 y+9
1 2 1
1 2 2
2 1
––––––, –––––– = ––––– , –––––
2 2
2

2 1 2
x2 + ­—x – 8x – 6 ­—x + 21 = 0
2 1 2 –1 + 2 x + 5 3 + 12 y+9
1 \ –––––– = ––––– and –––––– = –––––
x2 + ­—x2 – 8x – 3x + 21 = 0 2 2 2 2
4
5 2 x + 5 = 1 y + 9 = 15
­— x – 11x + 21 = 0 x = – 4 y = 6
4
× 4, 5x2 – 44x + 84 = 0
(b) Area of PQRS
(x – 6)(5x – 14) = 0
5x – 14 = 0 1 –1 5 2 –4 –1

14
x = ­–––
= ­—

2 3 9 12 6 3 
5 1
= ­—|[(–9 + 60 + 12 – 12) – (15 + 18 – 48 – 6)]|
Given x ≠ 6 2
1 14
From 2, y = ­— ­–––
2 5 1 2 1
= ­—|[51 – (–21)]|
14 2
= ­––– 1
10 = ­—(51 + 21)
7 2
= ­— 1
5 = ­—(72)
14 7 2
Therefore, the coordinates of P are (­–––, ­—). = 36 unit2
5 5
12 – 3
19. (a) (c) Gradient of PR = ––––––––
C(4, 6) 2 – (–1)
1
9
D(p, q)
= ­—
2 3
=3
B(–4, 3) A(–1, 3)
The equation of PR is
1(– 4) + 2(4) y – 3 = 3(x + 1)
p = ––––––––––– y – 3 = 3x + 3
1+2
4 y = 3x + 6
= ­—
3

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 26