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    Mechanics of Machinery 2 - Balancing of Rotating Masses

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    Ahmed Zawad Shovon
    1. The balancing of rotating masses is important to prevent vibrations caused by centrifugal forces from unbalanced parts. 2. A single rotating mass can be balanced by a single opposing mass in the same plane, with the product of mass and radius counteracting the centrifugal force. 3. A disturbing mass can also be balanced by two masses in different planes, where the net force and moment are zero to achieve static and dynamic balancing.

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    Mechanics of Machinery 2 - Balancing of Rotating Masses

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Zawad Shovon
    643 views11 pages
    1. The balancing of rotating masses is important to prevent vibrations caused by centrifugal forces from unbalanced parts. 2. A single rotating mass can be balanced by a single opposing mass in the same plane, with the product of mass and radius counteracting the centrifugal force. 3. A disturbing mass can also be balanced by two masses in different planes, where the net force and moment are zero to achieve static and dynamic balancing.

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    Mechanics of Machinery 2 - Balancing of Rotating Masses

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    1. The balancing of rotating masses is important to prevent vibrations caused by centrifugal forces from unbalanced parts. 2. A single rotating mass can be balanced by a single opposing mass in the same plane, with the product of mass and radius counteracting the centrifugal force. 3. A disturbing mass can also be balanced by two masses in different planes, where the net force and moment are zero to achieve static and dynamic balancing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    643 views11 pages

    Mechanics of Machinery 2 - Balancing of Rotating Masses

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Zawad Shovon
    1. The balancing of rotating masses is important to prevent vibrations caused by centrifugal forces from unbalanced parts. 2. A single rotating mass can be balanced by a single opposing mass in the same plane, with the product of mass and radius counteracting the centrifugal force. 3. A disturbing mass can also be balanced by two masses in different planes, where the net force and moment are zero to achieve static and dynamic balancing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Balancing of Rotating Masses

    The high speed of engines and other machines is a common phenomenon


    now-a-days. It is, therefore, very essential that all the rotating and
    reciprocating parts should be completely balanced as far as possible.

    If these parts are not properly balanced, the dynamic forces are set up. These
    forces not only increase the loads on bearings and stresses in the various
    members, but also produce unpleasant and even dangerous vibrations.

    Whenever a certain mass is attached to a rotating shaft, it exerts some


    centrifugal force, whose effect is to bend the shaft and to produce vibrations in
    it. In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force, another mass is attached
    to the opposite side of the shaft, at such a position so as to balance the effect of
    the centrifugal force of the first mass.

    This is done in such a way that the centrifugal force of both the masses are
    made to be equal and opposite. The process of providing the second mass in
    order to counteract the effect of the centrifugal force of the first mass, is called
    balancing of rotating masses.
    The following cases are important from the subject point of view:
    1. Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in the same plane.
    2. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in different planes.
    3. Balancing of different masses rotating in the same plane.
    4. Balancing of different masses rotating in different planes.

    Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By a Single Mass Rotating in


    the Same Plane

    1. The product m2.r2 may be split up in


    any convenient way. But the radius of
    rotation of the balancing mass (m2) is
    generally made large in order to reduce
    the balancing mass m2.
    2. The centrifugal forces are proportional
    to the product of the mass and radius of
    rotation of respective masses, because ω2
    is same for each mass.
    Balancing of a Single Rotating Mass By Two Masses Rotating in
    Different Planes
    In order to put the system in complete balance, two balancing masses are
    placed in two different planes, parallel to the plane of rotation of the disturbing
    mass, in such a way that they satisfy the following two conditions of
    equilibrium.
    1. The net dynamic force acting on the shaft is equal to zero. This requires
    that the line of action of three centrifugal forces must be the same. In other
    words, the centre of the masses of the system must lie on the axis of rotation.
    This is the condition for static balancing.
    2. The net couple due to the dynamic forces acting on the shaft is equal to
    zero. In other words, the algebraic sum of the moments about any point in the
    plane must be zero. The conditions (1) and (2) together give dynamic
    balancing.
    The following two possibilities may arise while attaching the two balancing masses :
    1. The plane of the disturbing mass may be in between the planes of the two balancing
    masses, and
    2. The plane of the disturbing mass may lie on the left or right of the two planes
    containing the balancing masses.
    1. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies in between the planes of the two
    balancing masses
    Consider a disturbing mass m lying in a plane A to be balanced by two rotating masses m1
    and m2 lying in two different planes L and M as shown in Fig. Let r, r1 and r2 be the radii
    of rotation of the masses in planes A, L and M respectively.
    2. When the plane of the disturbing mass lies on one end of the planes
    of the balancing masses
    Balancing of Several Masses Rotating in the Same Plane
    Consider any number of masses (say four) of magnitude m1, m2, m3 and m4 at
    distances of r1, r2, r3 and r4 from the axis of the rotating shaft. Let θ1, θ2,θ3 and θ4
    be the angles of these masses with the horizontal line OX, as shown in Fig. 21.4 (a).
    Let these masses rotate about an axis through O and perpendicular to the plane of
    paper, with a constant angular velocity of ω rad/s.

    1. Analytical method
    The magnitude and direction of the balancing mass may be obtained, analytically, as
    discussed below :
    1. First of all, find out the centrifugal force* (or the product of the mass and its radius
    of rotation) exerted by each mass on the rotating shaft.
    2. Graphical method
    The magnitude and position of the balancing mass may also be obtained graphically as
    discussed below :
    1. First of all, draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown
    2. Find out the centrifugal force (or product of the mass and radius of rotation) exerted by each
    mass on the rotating shaft.
    3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces (or the product of the
    masses and their radii of rotation), such that ab represents the centrifugal force exerted by the
    mass m1 (or m1.r1) in magnitude and direction to some suitable scale. Similarly, draw bc, cd
    and de to represent centrifugal forces of other masses m2, m3 and m4 (or m2.r2, m3.r3 and
    m4.r4).
    4. Now, as per polygon law of forces, the closing side ae represents the resultant force in
    magnitude and direction, as shown in Fig. 21.4 (b).
    5. The balancing force is, then, equal to the resultant force, but in opposite direction.
    6. Now find out the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r), such
    that m⋅ω2 ⋅r = Resultant centrifugal force
    or, m.r = Resultant of m1.r1, m2.r2, m3.r3 and m4.r4
    Problem# Four masses m1, m2, m3 and m4 are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg
    respectively. The corresponding radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m
    respectively and the angles between successive masses are 45°, 75° and 135°. Find the
    position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is 0.2 m.

    Solution. Given : m1 = 200 kg ; m2 = 300 kg ; m3 = 240 kg ; m4 = 260 kg ; r1 = 0.2 m ;


    r2 = 0.15 m ; r3 = 0.25 m ; r4 = 0.3 m ; θ1 = 0° ; θ2 = 45° ; θ3 = 45° + 75° = 120° ;
    θ4 = 45° + 75° + 135° = 255° ; r = 0.2 m
    Graphical method

    The resultant force. By measurement, we find that ae = 23 kg-m.


    Since the balancing force is proportional to m.r, therefore
    m × 0.2 = vector ea = 23 kg-m or m = 23/0.2 = 115 kg Ans.
    By measurement we also find that the angle of inclination of the balancing
    mass (m) from the horizontal mass of 200 kg,
    θ = 201° Ans.

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