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    Combine Harvester

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    m.amin
    The document discusses the combine harvester machine. It begins with an introduction to harvesting processes like cutting, hauling, threshing, cleaning and drying crops. It then explains the components and functions of a combine harvester, including the header, reel, cutter bar, conveyor, threshing unit, sieves, straw walkers, unloader and spreader. The concluding paragraphs discuss how combine harvesters save time, labor and costs compared to ancient harvesting methods. Major combine harvester manufacturing companies and a list of references are also included.

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    Combine Harvester

    Uploaded by

    m.amin
    984 views47 pages
    The document discusses the combine harvester machine. It begins with an introduction to harvesting processes like cutting, hauling, threshing, cleaning and drying crops. It then explains the components and functions of a combine harvester, including the header, reel, cutter bar, conveyor, threshing unit, sieves, straw walkers, unloader and spreader. The concluding paragraphs discuss how combine harvesters save time, labor and costs compared to ancient harvesting methods. Major combine harvester manufacturing companies and a list of references are also included.

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    Combine Harvester

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    The document discusses the combine harvester machine. It begins with an introduction to harvesting processes like cutting, hauling, threshing, cleaning and drying crops. It then explains the components and functions of a combine harvester, including the header, reel, cutter bar, conveyor, threshing unit, sieves, straw walkers, unloader and spreader. The concluding paragraphs discuss how combine harvesters save time, labor and costs compared to ancient harvesting methods. Major combine harvester manufacturing companies and a list of references are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    984 views47 pages

    Combine Harvester

    Uploaded by

    m.amin
    The document discusses the combine harvester machine. It begins with an introduction to harvesting processes like cutting, hauling, threshing, cleaning and drying crops. It then explains the components and functions of a combine harvester, including the header, reel, cutter bar, conveyor, threshing unit, sieves, straw walkers, unloader and spreader. The concluding paragraphs discuss how combine harvesters save time, labor and costs compared to ancient harvesting methods. Major combine harvester manufacturing companies and a list of references are also included.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 47

    1

    COMBINE
    HARVESTER
    2

    PRESSENTED TO : Sir IRSHAD ALI MARI


    DEPARTMENT : FARM POWER MACHINERY
    SUBJECT : LAND DEVELOPMENT MACHINERY (FPM-602)
    PRESSENTED BY :
    BILAL AHMED MIRANI : 2K15-AE(K)-12
    CLASS: FINAL PROFESSIONAL B.E (2nd TERM)
    Table Of Content Page 3

    1. Introduction 04-17

    2. Material and Methods 18-42

    3. Conclusion 43

    4. References 44
    Introduction of Harvesting 4

     Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the
    cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper.

     On smaller farms with minimal mechanization, harvesting is the most labour


    intensive activity of the growing season.

     On large mechanized farms, harvesting utilizes the most expensive and


    sophisticated farm machinery, such as the combine harvester.
    On Small Farms Equipment's for 5
    Cutting
    Manual Reaper
    Sickle
    Threshing Methods on Small Farm 6

    Labour Method Thresher Machine


    Process Of Harvesting 7

    Harvesting is the process of collecting the mature rice crop from the field.

    • Cutting: cutting the panicles and straw.


    • Hauling: moving the cut crop to the threshing location.
    • Threshing: separating the paddy grain from the rest of the cut crop.
    • Cleaning: removing immature, unfilled and non-grain materials.
    • Field drying: (optional) leaving the cut crop in the field and exposing it to the sun for
    drying.
    • Stacking / Piling: (optional) temporarily storing the harvested crop in stacks or piles.
    Process of Harvesting 8
    Combine Harvester? 9

     Combine Harvester is a machine which harvests the grain crops by


    comprising the three separate operation activities of harvesting.
    Those are:
    1. Reaping { Harvesting }
    2. Threshing
    3. Winnowing
    these above 3 operations are combined to form a single process in the
    combine harvester.
     Combine harvesters got their name from their combining of three separate
    operations (reaping, threshing, and winnowing) into a single process.
    Combine harvesters are one of the most economically important labour
    saving inventions.
    COMBINE HARVESTER IS USED FOR WHICH 10
    CROPS?

     This is used for the crops whose seeds or edible part is at the top of the
    plant (grains) and the below part which is discarded or left in the field as it
    is inedible (chaff).
     Crops like : Paddy, wheat, oats, barley, corn, rye, sorghum, linseed,
    sunflower, canola and soybean.
    History 11

     Scottish inventor Patrick Bell invented the reaper in 1826. The combine was
    invented in the United States by Hiram Moore in 1834. Early versions were
    pulled by horse teams, mule teams, or ox. In 1835, Moore built a full-scale
    version. By 1860, combine harvesters with a cutting width of several meters
    were used on American farms. In 1882, Hugh Victor McKay, from Australia,
    had a similar idea and developed the first commercial combine harvester
    in 1885, called the Sunshine Harvester
    Combine Harvester Differentiate 12
    According to:
    1. Sources of Power:
    a. Self-propelled type
    b. PTO operated type/ mount type
    2. Movement
    a. Wheel Type
    b. Crawler Type
    13
    PTO OPERATED TYPE/ MOUNT TYPE 14
    Wheel Type 15
    Crawler Type 16
    Function of combine harvester: 17

     Feeding the standing crops to the cutter bar with the help of reel
     Cutting the crop(harvesting)
     Feeding the crop to threshing unit
     Threshing the crop
     Separating the husk from grains
     Cleaning the grains
     Conveying and storing the grains
    Requirement of a perfect Combine 18
    Harvester
     There should be less broken of grains
     No grains losses on the ground at the cutter bar end
     No grain losses at the back end of the harvesting unit
     No unthrashed grain
     Proper threshing of grains without any injury
     It should give clean grains
     Machine should be capable of operation on crop even with higher moisture content
     Machine should be capable of working on various crops
     Ease of operation
     More output with safety measures
     Easy to maintain
     Less consumption of spares and fuels
    Objectives 19

     To study about the combine Harvester

     To investigate the all parts of Combine Harvester

     To describe functions of Combine Harvester


    20

    Material and
    Methods
    HOW DOES IT WORKS ? 21
    STANDING CROP 22

     Crops are gathered in by the header at the front, which has a pair of sharp
    pincers called crop dividers at either end.
     The wider the header, the faster and more efficiently a harvester can cut a
    field.
     Different headers are used for cutting different crops
     The header is often hydraulically powered and can be raised, lowered, and
    angled in different ways from the cab.
    REEL { PICKUP REEL } 23

     This is the first part to touch the standing grain, it holds the grain against
    the knife.
     It is a slowly rotating wheel pushes the crops down toward the cutter.
     The reel has horizontal bars called bats and vertical teeth or tines to grip
    the plant stalks.
    Reel or Pickup Reel 24
    Cutter Bar 25

     Cutter bar runs the entire length of the header underneath the reel.
     Its teeth (sometimes called mowing fingers) open and close repeatedly to
    cut off the crops at their base along a ground level.
    Cutter Bar 26
    CONVEYER 27

     Behind the cutter bar, the cut crops are fed toward the center by spinning
    augurs (screws) and travel up a conveyor to the processing mechanism
    inside the main part of the combine.
     It simply does the lifting mechanism of the chaffed plant towards the
    threshing unit.
    Conveyer 28
    Threshing Unit 29

     A threshing drum beats the cut crops to break and shake the grains away
    from their stalks.
     Threshing removes the grain or seed from the head or pod.
    Threshing Unit 30
    Sieves 31

     The crop or threshed material is made to pass through the sieve or


    separator chamber below to this seed collector or storage is present.
     The sieves plates keep on shaking so does a seeds to separate and fall
    down through sieves.
     The grains fall through sieves into a collecting tank below.
    Sieves 32
    Straw Walkers 33

     The straw(unwanted material) passes along conveyors called straw walkers


    toward the back of the machine.
     In some machines the straw are passed through the chaffer machine to cut
    the inedible part into smaller pieces.
     Then passed to the chaffer extension or straw spreader
    Straw Walkers 34
    Unloader 35

     When the grain tank is full, a tractor with a trailer on the back pulls
    alongside the combine.
     The grain is carried up from the tank by an elevator and shoots out of a
    side pipe (sometimes called the unloader) into the trailer.
     The unloader pipe height can be adjusted.
    Unloader 36
    Straw Spreader 37

     The unwanted straw chaff tumbles from the back of the machine. Some
    combines have a rotating spreader mechanism that throws the straw over
    a wide area.
     Sometimes the straw is baled up by a baling machine and used for animal
    bedding.
    Spreader 38
    BEFORE OPERATING COMBINE 39
    HARVESTER
     Before operating the combine harvester in field we should check the
    followings in the field:
     Field condition
     Crop condition
     Moisture content
     Height of cutting
    PADDY COMBINE HARVESTER 40
    SUGARCANE COMBINE HARVESTER 41
    SOYBEAN COMBINE HARVESTER 42
    MAIZE COMBINE HARVESTER 43
    MANUFACTURING COMPANIES OF 44
    COMBINE
    HARVESTERS
     TAFE
     MAHINDRA
     JOHN DEERE
     FORCE MOTORS
     RENAULT SONALIKA INTERNATIONAL
     SWARAJ
     EICHER MOTORS
     STANDARD
    Conclusion 45

     Combine harvester change the view of harvesting, In ancient time


    harvesting method on a large farm consume time, increase cost on labour
    and machines of harvesting and decrease the ratio of harvesting grains.
    Because of combine harvester we not only save the grains but also save
    time and labour and machine cost.
     It means that not only combine save our time but also gives as all benefits
    of harvesting.
    REFRENCES 46

     www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/Powerpoints/Mod_2_Harvest
    ing.ppt
     https://www.slideshare.net/ritheshrithu77/combined-harvester
     https://www.slideshare.net/agriyouthnepal/combine-harvester
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest
     https://aghires.com/first-commercial-combine-harvester-developed-1885/
    47

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