PHYSICS LECTURE NOTES

MEASUREMENT Tension - force exerted by a _____ or rope that

is comparing the length, mass, and time with a pulls the object.
standard. Friction - _______________; resists the motion
Fundamental Quantities of the object.
Quantity Unit Symbol Weight - force with which a body is attracted
Length m towards the ______________.
Mass kilogram
Time s NEWTON'S LAW OF MOTION
Temperature Kelvin K 1st Law: ________________
Electric current ampere A “a body will remain at rest or in motion _______
Luminous cd acted upon by an ______ force.”
Intensity
Amount of mol 2ndLaw: Law of Acceleration
substance “The force acting upon on a body will
produce an acceleration ________
proportional to the force of the body and
Scalar - it can be described completely by their ___________ proportional to the mass of
magnitudes and appropriate units. body.”
Vector Quantities - it can be described
completely by their magnitudes and 3rd Law: Law of Interaction
appropriate units, and ______________. “Whenever a body exerts a force in another
Scalar Quantity Vector Quantity body it will exert a force _________ but
distance displacement __________ the first body.”
speed velocity
acceleration Newton's Law on Universal Gravitation
work force “Every object in the universe attracts each other
torque with a force __________ proportional to the
energy product of the their masses and __________
temperature proportional to the square of the distance
mass separating them.”

Motion - a change in position of any body or

object with respect to any reference point. (G= )
Distance-
Work - product of force and the displacement
Displacement- the change in position or the object moves under the influence of that
coordinates of a particle. force.
Speed - a scalar quantity and defined as how Unit:
fast an object is moving. It is a rate covered and
is always measured in terms of a unit of distance Energy - the ability to do work
divided by a unit of time. Unit:
Velocity - a ____ quantity and defined as the
speed of an object. Power - rate of doing work
Acceleration - a change in ______ over time Unit:
interval
An object accelerates when there is: Pressure - magnitude of force acting
a. change in speed perpendicular to a surface divided by the area of
b. change in direction the surface.
c. change in both speed and direction Unit:

Force - push or pull by an object; the effect of Archimedes Principle –

which that tends to change in or change the
state of motion of the body on which it acts.
Unit:
Bernoulli’s Principle
Fundamental Forces “A body wholly or partially submerged in water
Gravitational Force- experiences an upward force equal to the
weight of the fluid __________."

Electromagnetic Force - responsible for the Heat is a flow of _______ due to temperature
attractions of _____. difference.
Strong nuclear Force - holds the constituents of
the ______ together. Temperature is the measure of
Weak Nuclear Force - responsible for ____________________ of all the particles in
radioactivity the object.
____________ - a device used to measure
Non-fundamental Force temperature.
Normal force - ________ force when object is in
contact with the surface. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER
 PHYSICS LECTURE NOTES

"All particles that make up matter are ___________

__________ in motion."
SOUND is a type of ____________________
Units of Temperature (F, °C, K) wave.
o Fahrenheit = (9/5 ×°C) +32 Characteristics of sound:
o Celsius = a. Loudness -also known as amplitude. It refers
o Kelvin = C+273 to the loudness of softness of sound.
b. Pitch - it refers to the highness or lowness of a
Heat is the flow of energy from an object at a sound.
_________________ to an object at *pitch is _____________ to frequency
_________________. c. Quality - also known as timbre. It refers to the
-Measured by units of calorie and Joules (J). uniqueness of a sound.
1 cal= 4.18J Properties of Sound:
1kcal= 4180 J a. Reflection - turning back of sound.
Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise b. Refraction - bending of sound.
the temperature of 1g of _______ by 1°C. c. Diffraction - bending of sound through an
Specific Heat is the amount of energy needed to obstacle
raise the temperature of 1g of _______ by 1°C.
Doppler Effect - apparent change in frequency
HEAT TRANSFER of a sound caused by the ________ of either the
1. Conduction- process that moves energy from listener or the source of the sound.
one object to another when they are
__________ physically. ELECTRICITY
2. Convection- process that transfers energy by -is the phenomenon associated with either
the ____________ of large numbers of ______ or _______ electric charge.
___________ in the ________________ within a Law of electrostatic
liquid of gas. "Like charges _______. Unlike charges _______."
3. Radiation -heat transfer that travels by __________ - allows charges to flow readily.
____________________. __________ - resists flow of charges.
Electric current - when an electric charge flow
through a material.
SOUND and WAVE - Charge per unit time
WAVE - motion of disturbance Unit:
Parts of wave: Voltage - measure in volts (V) of potential
a. amplitude - maximum distance the particles difference.
in a wave vibrate from their rest position. - Energy per unit time (J/t)
b. crest - position of maximum __________ Unit:
displacement from equilibrium position. Resistance - opposition a material offers to the
c. trough - position of maximum __________ flow of charges through it.
displacement from equilibrium position. Unit:
d. wavelength - distance of two similar point. Ohm's Law - the __________ passing through a
Properties of Wave: conductor varies directly as the __________
a. Reflection - turning back of wave. applied at its ends and inversely proportional as
b. Refraction - bending of wave. the __________ of the conductor.
c. Diffraction - bending of wave through an Circuit
obstacle Series circuit - they share the voltage of the
d. Interference power source, such as a cell.
a. constructive interference - combination Parallel circuit - they are each subject to the
of waves voltage of the cell.
b. destructive interference - cancellation of Electric Power - rate at which it consumes
waves electric energy.
Types of waves
1. Mechanical Waves - travels through solid, MAGNETS are materials that attract some
liquid and gas. materials (ex: iron)
a. Transverse wave- vibration is -It can attract or repel other magnets.
perpendicular to the wave pulse Magnetic force - responsible for the _______
b. Longitudinal wave - vibration is and ___________ of a magnetic material.
___________ to the wave pulse. Magnetic field - area around the magnet where
c. Circular wave - surface wave; no its magnetism can affect other materials.
proper direction.
2. Electromagnetic Waves - travels through
solid, liquid, gas and _______. Magnetic field lines- represent the magnetic
Electromagnetic spectrum (in increasing field of a magnet.
frequency)
Radio _______________- converts mechanical energy
Microwave to electrical energy.
Infrared ________________- converts electrical energy
__________ to mechanical energy.
Ultraviolet
X-rays