SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 235652, July 09, 2018

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. XXX AND YYY,* Accused-Appellants.

DECISION

PERLAS-BERNABE, J.:

Before the Court is an ordinary appeal1 filed by accused-appellants XXX and YYY (accused-appellants)
assailing the Decision2 dated August 25, 2017 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 08446,
which affirmed the Judgment3 dated October 23, 2015 of the Regional Trial Court of Biñan, Laguna, Branch
25 (RTC) in Criminal Case Nos. 21802-B, 21803-B, 21804-B, and 24608-B, convicting them of multiple
counts of Qualified Trafficking in Persons defined and penalized under Section 4 in relation to Section 6 of
Republic Act No. (RA) 9208,4 otherwise known as the "Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003."

The Facts

This case stemmed from various Informations5 filed before the RTC, charging accused-appellants and a
certain John Doe of the crime of Qualified Trafficking in Persons, among others, the accusatory portions of
which read:

Criminal Case No. 21802-B

The undersigned 4th Assistant Provincial Prosecutor, hereby accuses XXX and YYY of the crime of Section 4
(e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208, committed as follows:

That for the period comprising the years 2008, 2009, 2010 up to March 5, 2011, in the City of Cabuyao,
Province of Laguna, Philippines within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused
conspiring and confederating with each other, by deception and taking advantage of the vulnerability of the
minor complainant being the biological parents of the minor complainant having custody and control over
AAA, 14 years old, born on 14 December 1996, did then and there maintain for the purpose of prostitution
and/or pornography said minor complainant by then and there providing food, shelter and clothing to induce
and persuade the said minor complainant, by using the computer and webcam and internet connections, for
the minor complainant to engage in private chat wherein persons, usually foreigners would pay a fee, for the
minor complainant to show her genitals, buttocks, breasts, pubic area, and to perform simulated sexual
explicit activities as by touching and fondling her genitals, buttocks, breasts, pubic area, and uttering words
as "FUCK ME!" "LICK ME", instilling in the mind of the minor complainant that the same is necessary for
their support and daily sustenance as the earnings she derives from such activities will pay for the family's
food, rental and utilities in violation of the said law.

With the presence of the qualifying circumstances that (i) the trafficked person AAA, 14 years old, born on
14 December 1996, is a child and (ii) the accused are the parents of the minor complainant.

CONTRARY TO LAW.6

Criminal Case No. 21803-B

The undersigned 4th Assistant Provincial Prosecutor, hereby accuses XXX and YYY of the crime of Section 4
(e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208, committed as follows:

That for the period comprising the year 2010 up to March 5, 2011, in the City of Cabuyao, Province of
Laguna, Philippines within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused conspiring and
confederating with each other, by deception and taking advantage of the vulnerability of the minor
complainant being the biological parents of the minor complainant having custody and control over BBB, 10
years old, born on 14 May 2000, did then and there maintain for the purpose of prostitution and/or
pornography said minor complainant by then and there providing food, shelter and clothing to induce and
persuade the said minor complainant, by using the computer and webcam and internet connections, to
dance naked in front of the camera being viewed through the internet, by a person/s, usually a foreigner
named "Sam", who pays a fee, for the minor complainant to: (i) for the minor complainant to engage in
private chat wherein persons, usually foreigners would pay for a fee, for the minor complainant to show her
genitals, buttocks, breasts, instilling in the mind of the minor complainant that the same is necessary for
their support and daily sustenance as the earnings she derives from such activities will pay for the family's
food, rental and utilities in violation of the said law.

With the presence of the qualifying circumstances that (i) the trafficked person BBB, 10 years old, born on
14 May 2000, is a child and (ii) the accused are the parents of the minor complainant.

CONTRARY TO LAW.7

Criminal Case No. 21804-B.

The undersigned 4th Assistant Provincial Prosecutor, hereby accuses XXX and YYY of the crime of Section 4
(e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208, committed as follows:

That for the period comprising the year 2010 up to March 5, 2011, in the City of Cabuyao, Province of
Laguna, Philippines within the . jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused conspiring
and confederating with each other, by deception and taking advantage of the vulnerability of the minor
complainant being the biological parents of the minor complainant having custody and control over CCC, 9
years old, born on July 24, 2001, did then and there maintain for the purpose of prostitution and/or
pornography said minor complainant by then and there providing food, shelter and clothing to induce and
persuade the said minor complainant, by using the computer and webcam and internet connections, to
dance naked in front of the camera being viewed through the internet, by person/s, usually a foreigner
named "Sam", who pays a fee, for the minor complainant to: (i) for the minor complainant to engage in
private chat wherein persons, usually foreigners would pay for a fee, for the minor complainant to show her
genitals, buttocks, breasts, pubic area[,] instilling in the mind of the minor complainant that the same is
necessary for their support and daily sustenance as the earnings she derives from such support and daily
sustenance as the earnings she derives from such activities will pay for the family's food, rental and utilities
in violation of the said law.

With the presence of the qualifying circumstances that (i) the trafficked person, CCC, 9 years old, born on
July 24, 2001, is a child and (ii) the accused are the parents of the minor complainant.

CONTRARY TO LAW.8

Criminal Case No. 24608-B

The undersigned 4th Assistant Provincial Prosecutor, hereby accuses XXX and JOHN DOE, whose name and
personal circumstances are yet unknown, for the crime of Section 4 (a) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d)
of RA 9208, otherwise known as the "Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003", committed as follows:

That sometime in April 2010 or in the dates prior thereto in the City of Cabuyao, Province of Laguna,
Philippines within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused XXX, being the mother
of herein complainant AAA, 14 years old, born on 14 December 1996, by taking advantage of the
vulnerability of the minor complainant as being the mother accused exerts influence and control over the
minor complainant with the intention and purpose of exploitation and prostitution, did then and there
willfully, unlawfully and feloniously recruit, transport and provide complainant minor AAA, for the purpose of
prostitution by then and there bringing her from their residence in Cabuyao, Laguna to the hotel room
occupied by one JOHN HUBBARD, a foreign national in Makati City wherein the said John Hubbard had
sexual intercourse with the minor complainant in exchange of material consideration in the amount of One
Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00).

With the qualifying circumstances that the trafficked person, AAA, 14 years old, born on 14 December 1996,
is a child and that the accused is a parent and exercises parental authority over the trafficked person as she
is the mother of complainant AAA.

CONTRARY TO LAW.9
The prosecution claimed that AAA, BBB, and CCC are the minor children of spouses XXX and YYY. AAA
claimed that sometime in April 2010, when she was just 13 years old, her mother XXX brought her to a
hotel in Makati to meet with a certain John Hubbard who proceeded to have sexual intercourse with her.
AAA further alleged that from 2008 to 2011, XXX ordered her to engage in cybersex for three (3) to four (4)
times a week in pornographic websites where AAA was shown in her underwear and made to do sexual
activities in front of the computer. For their part, BBB and CCC corroborated AAA's statements, both
averring that from 2010-2011, XXX ordered them to dance naked in front of the computer with internet
connectivity while facilitating the webcam sessions and chatting with a certain "Sam," their usual client. BBB
and CCC alleged that during those sessions, their father YYY would be outside the room or fixing the
computer. The children all claimed that they were made to do sexual activities to earn money for their
household expenses which were collected by YYY in remittance centers.10

Sometime in February 2011, AAA sought the assistance of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) as she wanted her and her siblings to be rescued. AAA was then taken by the DSWD
Social Worker, who then coordinated with the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI). After making an
investigation and a technical verification of the pornographic websites which revealed photos and
transactions of AAA, the NBI applied for and was granted a search warrant. Subsequently, the law
enforcement authorities implemented the search warrant, resulting in the rescue of AAA, BBB, and CCC, the
confiscation of the computer units and paraphernalia connected with the alleged crimes, and the arrest of
both XXX and YYY.11

For their defense, accused-appellants denied the accusations and claimed not knowing any motive for their
children's accusations as XXX is a housewife, while YYY works at a printing press. They alleged that AAA ran
away when she was impregnated by her boyfriend and denied that computer gadgets were confiscated from
them.12

The RTC Ruling

In a Judgment13 dated October 23, 2015, the RTC found accused-appellants guilty beyond reasonable doubt
of four (4) counts of Qualified Trafficking in Persons as defined and penalized under RA 9208. Accordingly,
they were sentenced to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine of P2,000,000.00 for each
count, and to pay the victims the amounts of P30,000.00 as moral damages and P10,000.00 as exemplary
damages for each count.14 All other charges15 against them were dismissed for being superfluous as they are
deemed subsumed under the crimes for which they were convicted.16

The RTC found that the prosecution had proven beyond reasonable doubt the fact that accused-appellants
had conspired and confederated with one another to maintain and exploit their children, AAA, BBB, and CCC,
into committing cybersex with several foreigners through various websites. In this regard, the RTC pointed
out that accused-appellants' assertion that the charges against them are merely fabricated cannot be given
credence in light of the children's clear and straightforward testimonies and the lack of ill motive to testify
against their own parents.17

Aggrieved, accused-appellants appealed to the CA.18

The CA Ruling

In a Decision19 dated August 25, 2017, the CA affirmed accused-appellants' conviction, with the following
modifications: (a) YYY's conviction is reduced to three (3) counts of Qualified Trafficking in Persons;
and (b) the awards of damages for the victims were increased to P500,000.00 as moral damages and
P100,000.00 as exemplary damages.20

In affirming accused-appellants' respective convictions, the CA gave credence to the testimonies of the three
(3) children-victims who not only positively identified accused-appellants as the perpetrators of the crime,
but also straightforwardly explained the acts of sexual exploitation perpetuated against them by their own
parents. This notwithstanding, the CA found it appropriate to find the children's father, YYY, guilty for only
three (3) counts of Qualified Trafficking, as he was only named as an accused in three (3) of the four (4)
total Informations21 for such crime filed before the RTC.22
Hence, this appeal.23

The Issue Before the Court

The issue for the Court's resolution is whether or not XXX and YYY are guilty beyond reasonable doubt of
four (4) and three (3) counts, respectively, of Qualified Trafficking in Persons.

The Court's Ruling

The appeal is without merit.

Section 3 (a) of RA 9208 defines the term "Trafficking in Persons" as the "recruitment, transportation,
transfer or harboring, or receipt of persons with or without the victim's consent or knowledge, within or
across national borders by means of threat or use of force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power or of position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving
or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person
for the purpose of exploitation which includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or
other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale of
organs." The same provision further provides that "[t]he recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or
receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall also be considered as 'trafficking in persons' even if it
does not involve any of the means set forth in the preceding paragraph." ." The crime of "Trafficking in
Persons" becomes qualified under, among others, the following circumstances:

Section 6. Qualified Trafficking in Persons. – The following are considered as qualified trafficking:

(a) When the trafficked person is a child;

xxxx

(d) When the offender is an ascendant, parent, sibling, guardian or a person who exercises authority over
the trafficked person or when the offense is committed by a public officer or employee;

xxxx

In this case, accused-appellants were charged of three (3) counts each of Qualified Trafficking in Persons
under Section 4 (e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208. XXX was further charged with another
count of the same crime under Section 4 (a) also in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of the same law.
Section 4 (a) and (e) of RA 9208 reads:

Section 4. Acts of Trafficking in Persons. – It shall be unlawful for any person, natural or juridical, to commit
any of the following acts:

(a) To recruit, transport, transfer, harbor, provide, or receive a person by any means, including those done
under the pretext of domestic or overseas employment or training or apprenticeship, for the purpose of
prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage;

xxxx

(e) To maintain or hire a person to engage in prostitution or pornography;

xxxx

As correctly ruled by the courts a quo, accused-appellants are guilty beyond reasonable doubt of three (3)
counts of Qualified Trafficking in Persons under Section 4 (e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208
as the prosecution had established beyond reasonable doubt that: (a) they admittedly are the biological
parents of AAA, BBB, and CCC, who were all minors when the crimes against them were
committed; (b) they made their children perform acts of cybersex for different foreigner customers, and
thus, engaged them in prostitution and pornography; (c) they received various amounts of money in
exchange for the sexual exploitation of their children; and (d) they achieved their criminal design by taking
advantage of their children's vulnerability as minors and deceiving them that the money they make from
their lewd shows are needed for the family's daily sustenance.

In the same manner, the courts a quo likewise correctly convicted XXX of one (1) count of the same crime,
this time under Section 4 (a) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208, as it was shown that XXX
transported and provided her own minor biological child, AAA, to a foreigner in Makati City for the purpose
of prostitution, again under the pretext that the money acquired from such illicit transaction is needed for
their family's daily sustenance.

In light of the foregoing, the Court finds no reason to deviate from the factual findings of the trial court, as
affirmed by the CA, as there is no indication that it overlooked, misunderstood or misapplied the
surrounding facts and circumstances of the case. In fact, the trial court was in the best position to assess
and determine the credibility of the witnesses presented by both parties, and hence, due deference should
be accorded to the same.24 As such, accused-appellants' conviction for Qualified Trafficking in Persons must
be upheld.

Anent the proper penalty to be imposed on accused-appellants, Section 10 (c) of RA 9208 states that
persons found guilty of Qualified Trafficking shall suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and a fine of not
less than P2,000,000.00 but not more than P5,000,000.00. Thus, the courts a quo correctly sentenced them
to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine of P2,000,000.00 for each count of Qualified
Trafficking in Persons.

Finally, the courts a quo correctly ordered accused-appellants to pay the victims the amounts of
P500,000.00 as moral damages and P100,000.00 as exemplary damages for each count of Qualified
Trafficking in Persons as such amounts are at par with prevailing jurisprudence.25 Further, the Court deems
it proper to impose on all monetary awards due to the victims legal interest of six percent (6%) per annum
from finality of judgment until full payment.26

WHEREFORE, the appeal is DENIED. The Decision dated August 25, 2017 of the Court of Appeals in CA-
G.R. CR-H.C. No. 08446 is AFFIRMED with MODIFICATIONS as follows:

(a)
In Criminal Case No. 21802-B, XXX and YYY are found GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of Qualified
Trafficking in Persons defined and penalized under Section 4 (e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA
9208. Accordingly, they are sentenced to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine in the
amount of P2,000,000.00. In addition, they are ordered to pay the victim, AAA, the amounts of P500,000.00
as moral damages and P100,000.00 as exemplary damages, both with legal interest of six percent (6%) per
annum from finality of judgment until fully paid;

(b)
In Criminal Case No. 21803-B, XXX and YYY are found GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of Qualified
Trafficking in Persons defined and penalized under Section 4 (e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA
9208: Accordingly, they are sentenced to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine in the
amount of P2,000,000.00. In addition, they are ordered to pay the victim, BBB, the amounts of P500,000.00
as moral damages and P100,000.00 as exemplary damages, both with legal interest of six percent (6%) per
annum from finality of judgment until fully paid;

(c)
In Criminal Case No. 21804-B, XXX and YYY are found GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of Qualified
Trafficking in Persons defined and penalized under Section 4 (e) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA
9208. Accordingly, they are. sentenced to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine in the
amount of P2,000,000.00. In addition, they are ordered to pay the victim, CCC, the amounts of P500,000.00
as moral damages and P100,000.00 as exemplary damages, both with legal interest of six percent (6%) per
annum from finality of judgment until fully paid; and

(d)
In Criminal Case No. 24608-B, XXX is found GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of Qualified Trafficking in
Persons defined and penalized under Section 4 (a) in relation to Section 6 (a) and (d) of RA 9208.
Accordingly, she is sentenced to suffer the penalty of life imprisonment and to pay a fine in the amount of
P2,000,000.00. In addition, she is ordered to pay the victim, AAA, the amounts of P500,000.00 as moral
damages and Pl 00,000.00 as exemplary damages, both with legal interest of six percent (6%) per annum
from finality of judgment until fully paid.

SO ORDERED.

Carpio, (Chairperson), Peralta,