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Slideshare Brain-Computer Interface

The document discusses Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). It begins with an introduction that defines BCI as a direct interface between the brain and a computer system that does not require motor output. It then covers the principle behind BCI involving sensing and transmitting brain signals to control a computer. The objective of BCI is to provide communication for paralyzed individuals. The document outlines the history, types, implementation, applications and limitations of BCI technology.

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Gold August
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144 views

Slideshare Brain-Computer Interface

The document discusses Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). It begins with an introduction that defines BCI as a direct interface between the brain and a computer system that does not require motor output. It then covers the principle behind BCI involving sensing and transmitting brain signals to control a computer. The objective of BCI is to provide communication for paralyzed individuals. The document outlines the history, types, implementation, applications and limitations of BCI technology.

Uploaded by

Gold August
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Presented by:

Gunjan Maloo
B.Tech(CSE) II SEM

Pratishruti Jain 1
CONTENTS:
 What is Brain-Computer Interface?
 Principle behind BCI
 Objective of BCI
 Types of BCIs
 History
 Implementation
 Software behind BCI
 Applications
 Limitations
 Future Concerns
 Conclusion
 References

Brain-Computer Interface 2
What is Brain-Computer
Interface?
 Brain Computer Interface is a direct technological
interface between a brain & a computer system not
requires a motor output from the user.

 It is abbreviated as BCI.

 It is also known as Direct Neural Interface (DNI) &


Brain – Machine Interface (BMI).

Brain-Computer Interface 3
Continued
 Brain-computer interface is an
electrode chip which can be
implemented in the brain through
surgical procedure.

• When it is implemented in brain


the electrical signal exchanged by
neurons within the brain are sent to the
computer and then the computer is
controlled by person.
Brain-Computer Interface 4
Principle Behind BCI
 This technology is based on to sense, transmit, analyze
and apply the language of neurons.

 It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor cortex of


the
brain and a device that analyses brain signals. The signals
generated by brain are interpreted and translated into cursor
movement on computer screen to control the computer.

 It consists of a silicon array about the size of an Aspirin tablet


that contains about 100 electrodes each thinner than a human
hair.
Brain-Computer Interface 5
Pratishruti Jain 6
Pratishruti Jain 7
Pratishruti Jain 8
BCI vs Neuroprosthetics
 Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous
system to a device, whereas BCIs usually connect the
nervous system with a computer system.

 Practical neuroprosthetics can be linked to any part


of the nervous system—for example, peripheral
nerves

 While the term "BCI" usually designates a narrower


class of systems which interface with the central
nervous system.
Brain-Computer Interface 9
Objective of BCI:
 The goal of the Brain-Computer Interface is to
develop a fast and reliable connection between the
brain of a severely disabled person and a personal
computer .

 The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide paralysed or


motor-impaired patients a mode of communication
through the translation of thought into direct
computer control.

Brain-Computer Interface 10
Types of BCIs:
• Invasive BCI
Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of
the brain during neurosurgery.

• Non Invasive BCI


Non-Invasive BCIs do not involve neurosurgery. They are
just like wearable virtual reality devices.

• Partially Invasive BCI


Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull
but rest outside the brain rather than within the grey matter.

Brain-Computer Interface 11
History of BCI:
• Research on BCIs has been going on for more than 20
years, but from the mid-1990s there has been a
dramatic increase in working experimental implants.

• Brain-Computer Interface was commercially


developed by the bio-tech company Cyberkinetics in
2003 in conjunction with the Department of
Neuroscience at Brown University.

Brain-Computer Interface 12
BCI Research On Animals:
 At first, rats were implanted
with BCI .

 Signals recorded from the


cerebral cortex of rat operate
BCI to carry out the movement.

Brain-Computer Interface 13
Contd…
• Researchers at the University
of Pittsburgh had demonstrated
on a monkey that can feed itself
with a robotic arm simply by
using signals from its brain.

Brain-Computer Interface 14
Pratishruti Jain 15
Next Step-HUMANS!!

Brain-Computer Interface 16
BCI On HUMANS
 In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been
clinically tested on a human by an American biotech
company Cyberkinetics.

 The first participant in these trials was a 25-year-old


man who had sustained a spinal cord injury leading to
paralysis in all four limbs .

Brain-Computer Interface 17
Contd…
 Over a period of nine months, he
took part in 57 sessions during
which the implanted Brain Gate
sensor recorded activity in his
motor cortex region while he
imagined moving his paralyzed
limbs and then used that imagined
motion for several computer-
based tasks such as, moving a
computer cursor to open e-mail,
draw shapes and play simple video
games.

Brain-Computer Interface 18
How BCI Implements?
 A more difficult task is interpreting the brain signals for
movement in someone who can't physically move his own arm.
With a task like that, the subject must "train" to use the device.

 With an implant in place, the subject would visualize


closing his or her disabled hand. After many trials, the software
can learn to recognize the signals associated with the thought of
hand-closing.

 Software connected to a robotic hand is programmed to receive


the "close hand" signal and interpret it to mean that the robotic
hand should close. At that point, when the subject thinks about
closing the hand, the signals are sent and the robotic hand
closes.

Brain-Computer Interface 19
Pratishruti Jain 20
Contd…
 This could even be accomplished without the
"robotic" part of the device. Signals could be sent to
the appropriate motor control nerves in the hands,
bypassing a damaged section of the spinal cord and
allowing actual movement of the subject's own hands.

Brain-Computer Interface 21
Software behind BCI
• The technology is comprised of four main
components; a signal capture system, a
signal processing system, a pattern
recognition system, and a device control
system.
• The signal capture system includes the
electrodes themselves and the isolated
electronic amplifiers
Brain-Computer Interface 22
Contd…
 The signal processing system includes the
algorithms for the linear prediction of the signal.

 The pattern recognition system often used to be


composed of neural networks as to recognize
which neurons are producing these signals.

 Interfaces have been developed to control


different devices .
Brain - Computer Interface 23
Applications
 One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the
development of devices that can be controlled by
thoughts.

 For a quadriplegic, something as basic as controlling a


computer cursor via mental commands would
represent a revolutionary improvement in quality of life.

 Some of the applications of this technology are also


frivolous, such as the ability to control a video game by
thought , ability to change TV channels with your mind
etc.
Brain-Computer Interface 24
Limitations
 At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is
the lack of sensor modality that provides safe, accurate,
and robust access to brain signals.

 It is very expensive.

• Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.

• Difficulty in adaptation and learning.

Brain-Computer Interface 25
Future Concerns
 Light Reactive Imaging BCI devices are still in the realm
of theory.
 This would involve implanting a laser inside the skull.
The laser would be focussed on a single neuron and the
neuron’s reflectance is measured by a separate sensor.
• When the neuron fires, the light pattern and wavelength it
reflects would change slightly . This would allow the
researchers to monitor a single neuron and require less
contact with the tissue.
 Researchers of the Carleton University , Canada believe
that the same interface could form the basis of a mind-
controlled password system.
Brain-Computer Interface 26
Conclusion
• The results of BCI are spectacular and almost
unbelievable.

• BCI can help paralyzed people to move by controlling their


own electric wheelchairs, to communicate by using e-mail and
Internet-based phone systems, and to be independent by
controlling items such as televisions and electrical appliances.

• Conclusively, BCI has proved to be a boon for paralyzed


patients .

Brain-Computer Interface 27
References
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface

 http://www.slideshare.net/itsmartin/martins-seminar-on-brain-contro

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Brain-Computer Interface 29

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