Heat and Internal Energy

Name :________________________________ Grade & 2. Describe a compressor. How does it work?
Section:________________ What gas is inside the compressor which

has low boiling point?
Heat and Internal Energy 3. What happened to the hot gas produced by
The Law of thermodynamics is actually based on this compression?
concept. It states that: The change in internal energy 4. How does a condenser function?
of a system equals the difference between the heat 5. What happens to the pressure and heat in
taken in by the system and the work done by the the evaporation?
system. Internal energy of a substance is the sum of 6. When does the cycle repeat?
molecular kinetic energy (due to the random motion of 7. Discuss the complete cycle of how
molecules), the molecular potential energy (due to refrigerator works.
forces that act between the atoms of a molecule and
between the molecules), and other kinds of molecular
energy. C. Study the illustration of an air conditioning
cooling cycle. And answer the questions that
The Law is expressed as follow.
1. What is the function of an air conditioning
ΔU= Q-W unit?
2. How does an air conditioning unit work
Where Q= the amount of heat flowing into a system during summer?
during a given process 3. What is the function of the air conditioner
during cold days?
W = the net work done by the system 4. What is needed to transfer heat in this
ΔU= the change in the system’s internal energy device?
How heat is related to work?
Q= W + ΔU We will use Joule (J) as our SI unit of

energy. The first law tells us that a system’s internal
energy can be changed by transferring energy by either
work, heat or a combination of the two.
A. Let’s try the following problem.

1. If a 150 J of energy is added to a system when
no external work has been done, by how much
the thermal energy of the system be raised?
Given :
2. A 120 J of energy is added to a system that

does 40 J of external work. By how much is the
thermal energy of the system raised?
Given :
B. Study the illustration of a refrigeration cycle

posted on the board And please answer the
guide question that follow:
1. How does a refrigerator work?

Name : Activity # ______
______________________________ Grade
FILL ME IN
& Section:________________
Key concepts:
How well a machine operates is the ratio of Objectives: The learners should be
the useful work done to the heat provided able to verify that machines are not
is the Thermal efficiency. Applying 100% efficient.
Conservation of Energy, QH= W+ QC. An Procedure:
important measures of heat engine is its 1. Study the table below.
efficiency: how much of the input energy 2. Using the equation learned and
ends up doing useful work? The efficiency is
with the aid of the CALCULATOR,
calculated as a fraction( although it is stated
solve for the following unknown
as a percentage).
quantity.
Efficiency=Work done/ input heat = W/ QH
Work is just the input heat minus the 3. Supply the table with the final
exhaust heat, so answer obtained from the
Efficiency = QH-QC/ QH= 1- QC/QH computation to show the
Where Qc= energy removed by heat /energy relationship existing among
in cold reservoir thermal efficiency, temperature/
Qh = energy added by heat in hot reservoir energy in hot reservoir and
temperature / energy in cold
Tc= absolute temperature in cold reservoir
reservoir.
Th= absolute temperature in hot reservoir.
Sample Problem: Temperature/e Temperat Therm

1. What is the efficiency of a gasoline nergy in cold ure / al
engine that receives 192.75 J of energy
reservoir energy in efficie
hot ncy
from combustion and loose 125.25 J by
reservoir
heat of exhaust during one cycle?
250 K 500 K
Given : Qc= 125.25
230 K 700 K
Qh= 192.75 J
287.5 K 575 K
Find : Efficiency
650 J 1054 J
Solution:
259 J 677 J
Efficiency = 1-Qc/Qh X 100%
30 0C 88 0C
= 1-125.25 J/ 195.75 J x 100%
56 0C 920C
Efficiency = 0.36 0r 36 %
47 0C 560C
2. Suppose a steam engine receives steam
77 0C 930C
at 600 K. The engine uses a part of this 65 0C 850C
thermal energy for work. It exhausts
the rest to a condenser at a
temperature of 350 K. What is the
maximum efficiency of this steam
engine?
Given : Tc= 350 K Th= 600
K
Find : Solution
Solution : Efficiency = 1- Tc / Th x
100 %
= 1- 350 K/ 600 K x 100%
Efficiency = 41.67 %

Heat and Internal Energy

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Name :________________________________ Grade & 2. Describe a compressor. How does it work?

Section:________________ What gas is inside the compressor which

How heat is related to work?

Q= W + ΔU We will use Joule (J) as our SI unit of

A. Let’s try the following problem.

2. A 120 J of energy is added to a system that

B. Study the illustration of a refrigeration cycle

1. How does a refrigerator work?

Sample Problem: Temperature/e Temperat Therm

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