Scribd
Upload
256 views5 pages

2304kJ/kg. H 355K, T: Bars) 0.51 (P - / 4178 C:) 310 (

1) Saturated steam at 1.5kg/s and 0.51 bars is condensed in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using water as the coolant. The required surface area is 41.9m2 and water flow rate is 20.7kg/s. 2) After fouling decreases the heat transfer coefficient, the new vapor flow rate required is 0.936kg/s, a 38% reduction. 3) Oil at 225kg/h and 210°C is used to heat water from 35°C to 95°C in a concentric tube heat exchanger. The required length is 1.12m.

Uploaded by

suresh singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
256 views5 pages

2304kJ/kg. H 355K, T: Bars) 0.51 (P - / 4178 C:) 310 (

1) Saturated steam at 1.5kg/s and 0.51 bars is condensed in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger using water as the coolant. The required surface area is 41.9m2 and water flow rate is 20.7kg/s. 2) After fouling decreases the heat transfer coefficient, the new vapor flow rate required is 0.936kg/s, a 38% reduction. 3) Oil at 225kg/h and 210°C is used to heat water from 35°C to 95°C in a concentric tube heat exchanger. The required length is 1.12m.

Uploaded by

suresh singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

3. Saturated steam leaves a steam turbine at a flow rate of 1.

5kg/s and a
pressure of 0.51 bars. The vapor is to be completely condensed to
saturated liquid in a shell-and –tube heat exchanger which uses water
as the coolant. The water enters the thin-walled tubes at 17C and
leaves at 57C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient of 200W/m2.K,
determine the required heat exchanger surface area and the water flow
rate. After extended operation, fouling causes the overall heat transfer
coefficient to decrease to 100W/m2.K. For the same water inlet
temperature and flow rate, what is the new vapor flow rate required
for complete condensation?

Schematic:

Assumptions: (1) Negligible heat loss to surroundings, (2) Negligible


wall conduction resistance.

Properties: Table for


sat.Water:

(T c  310 K ) : c p,c  4178J / kg . K ; (p  0.51 bars) : Tsa t  355K, h fg  2304kJ/kg.

Analysis: (a) The required heat transfer rate is


.
q  m h h fg  1.5kg / s( 2.304  10 6 J / kg )  3.46  10 6 W

And the corresponding heat capacity rate for the water is


C c  C min  q /(Tc ,o  Tc ,i )  3.48  10 6 W / 40 K  86,400W / K

hence ,   q /(C min [Th,i  Tc ,i ])  3.46  10 6 W / 86,400W / K (65 K )  0.62

since C min /C max  0,

NTU  -ln(1 -  )   ln(1  0.62)  0.97

And

A  NTU (C min / U )  0.97(86,400W / K / 2000W / m 2. K )  41.9m 2

.
m c  C c / c p ,c  86,400W / K / 4178 J / kg . K  20.7 kg / s

(b) using the final overall heat transfer coefficient, find

Since C min /C max  0,

  1  exp( NTU )  1  exp(0.485)  0.384

hence, q  C min (Th,i  Tc ,i )  0.384(886,400W / K )65 K  2.16106W

.
m h  q / h fg  2.16  10 6 W / 2.304  10 6 J / kg  0.936kg / s

.
Comments: The significant reduction (38%) in m h represents a
significant loss in turbine power. Periodic cleaning of condenser
surfaces should be employed to minimize the adverse effects of
fouling.
4. Water at 225 kg/h is to be heated from 35 to 95C by means of a
concentric tube heat exchanger. Oil at 225kg/h and 210C, with a
specific heat of 2095 J/kg.K, is to be used as the hot fluid. If the
overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outer diameter of the
inner tube if 550W/m2.K, determine the length of the exchanger if the
outer diameter is 100mm.

Schematic:

Assumptions: (1) Negligible heat loss to surroundings, (2) Negligible


kinetic and potential energy changes, (3) Constant properties.

Properties: Table for Water:


_
(Tc  ( 35  95)  C / 2  338 K ) : c p ,c  4188J / kg . K

Analysis: From rate equation with Ao=DoL, L=q/UoDoΔT  m

The heat rate, q, can be evaluated from an energy balance on the cold
fluid,

. 225kg / h
q  m c c c (Tc , 0  Tc ,i )   4188 J / kg . K (95  35) K  15,705W
3600 s / h

In order to evaluate ΔT  m, we need to know whether the exchanger is


operating in CF or PF. From an energy balance on the hot fluid, find

. 225kg / h J
Th,o  Th ,i  q / m h c h  210  C  15,705W /  2095  90.1C
3600 s / h kg . K
Since Th,o<Tc,o it follows that HXer operation must be CF. From eq.
for log mean temperature difference,
T1  T2 ( 210  95)  (90.1  35)
Tm ,CF   C  81.5C
n( T1 / T2 ) n(115 / 55.1)

Substituting numerical values, the HXer length is

L  15,705W / 550W / m 2 . K (0.10m )  81.4 K  1.12m

Comments: The –NTU method could also be used. It would be


necessary to perform the hot fluid energy balance to determining CF
operation existed. The capacity rate is Cmin/Cmax=0.50. From eq. for
effectiveness, and from with q evaluated from an energy balance on
the hot fluid,

Th,i  Th,o 210  90.1


   0.69
Th ,i  Tc ,i 210  35

T
Th,i=210 C

Th,o=90.1 C
ΔT1

ΔT2
Tc,o=95 C
Tc,i=35 C
x
1 2

From fig, find NTU1.5 giving


W W
L  NTU .C min / U oDo  1.5  130.94 550 2 . (0.10m )  1.14m
K m .K

Note the good agreement by both methods.


5. Consider a very long, concentric tube heat exchanger having hot and
cold water inlet temperatures of 85 and 15C. The flow rate of the hot
water is twice that of the cold water. Assuming equivalent hot and
cold water specifies heats; determine the hot water outlet temperature
for the following modes of operation (a) Counter flow, (b) Parallel
flow.

Schematic:

Tc,i=15 C

Th,i=85 C Ch=2Cc
Cc

Assumptions: (1) equivalent hot and cold water specific heats, (2)
Negligible Kinetic and potential energy changes, (3) No eat loss to
surroundings.

Analysis: the heat rate for a concentric tube


Heat exchanger with very large surface area
Operating in the counter flow mode is

q  q max  C min (Th,i  Tc ,i )

Combining the above relation and rearranging, find

C min C
Th,o   (Th ,i  Tc ,i )  Th,i   c (Th,i  Tc ,i )  Th,i
Ch Ch

Substituting numerical values

You might also like