Thermal Processing Equipment

Fluidized Bed Systems

 About us

TEMA Process BV is a specialized company

with management and employees that have
many years of experience in the design and
manufacturing of thermal and physical process
equipment, mainly fluid bed dryers / coolers with
associated equipment & plants.

TEMA Process B.V. belongs to the Group of

Companies below that has grown over the last
more then 100 years, to more than 50 Companies
worldwide with a total number of employees
of approximately 3.000 and has approximately
360 Mio € of annual turnover.

Production facility at Wapenveld, Netherlands

HEIN, LEHMANN MULTOTEC SIEBTECHNIK STEINHAUS TEMA

GmbH Group GmbH GmbH Holding N.V.
D RSA D D NL

TEMA TEMA TEMA TEMA TEMA TEMA TEMA

Systems Inc. Isenmann Inc. Equipements B.V. Machinery Maquinaria Engineers
U.S.A. U.S.A. F NL GB E AUS

MMCO T.I.M. Ltd. HEIN, LEHMANN UNIBELT TEMA TEMA SIEBTECHNIK TEMA
KOREA KOREA B.V. B.V. Process B.V. Process Equipment Screening Systems
NL NL NL (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. (Tianjin) Co. Ltd.
CHINA CHINA

TEMA MULTOTEC
Isenmann Ltd. PtY. Ltd.
GB AUS

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 Design of fluid beds
(thermal & physical processing)

TEMA Process B.V. manufactures continuous and Continuous dryers / coolers can be delivered in static
batch fluid beds. Batch fluid beds are used when or dynamic (shaking, vibrating) fluid beds. Static fluid
products integrity is required for example in the bed can be delivered with or without submerged
pharma industry or for small quantities of product. heat exchangers.

Dynamic Fluid Bed Dryer Static Fluid Bed Dryer

Fluidising starts

P
pressure drop
product
[mbar]
Fine, heavy product
or high bed depth

Figure 1.0 indicates the range of usage of

both types of fluid beds. In this diagram
pressure drop on product against fluidizing Coarse, light product
velocity is given. We see a linear increasing or low bed depth
of pressure during the fixed bed phase and
a stable pressure drop when the product is C
fluidizing. The pressure drop is dependable
on particle size distribution, specific density
and bed depth.

V fluidising velocity [m/s]

a b

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 Design of fluid beds
(thermal & physical processing)

Fixed bed Moving fluid bed

(gravel, fibres, pellets)

Fluidised bed Static fluid bed

(non sticky powders, homogenous materials)

Moving fluid bed

(powders, inhomogenous materials)

Semi-fluidised bed
Alternative between fluidised and fixed bed (long
residence time food products and granules)

Sea-salt Dryer, Italy

Figure 2.0 shows a typical processing curve

in a fixed, semi fluid or fluidized bed.
Temperature of processing medium is
constant, product inclines in temperature
until wet bulb temperature is reached.
A period of constant rate drying follows.
Temperature After constant rate drying product rises
in temperature until ultimately medium
temperature is reached.

200 °C Temperature medium

150 °C

Wet bulb temperature

Temperature product

100 °C

50 °C Height of WB
temperature depending
on humidity of medium
Constant rate period

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 Treatment of products

Thermal treatment
Drying Puffing
Removal of liquids by evaporation in a fluid bed Products like rice and wheat are expanded at a high
dryer for thermally treating of powders, fibres, temperature resulting in a lower bulk density and
crystals and pelletized or extruded materials. to obtain better cooking properties.

Cooling Sterilization & Pasteurization

After heating the product during the drying Natural ST-HT steam sterilization & pasteurization
process in most of the cases cooling is required. for spices, herbs & botanicals, dried vegetables,
The fluid bed cooler can be integrated with the seeds & nuts.
dryer or supplied as a separate unit. High and low temperature between 103 – 122 °C
(Sterilization) and 85 – 98 °C (Pasteurization)
Calcining
within maximum of 60 seconds treatment time
Thermal process to remove and evaporate
followed by a drying and cooling process.
crystalline water.
Blanching
Roasting / Texturization
Heat treatment to deactivate enzymes and
Heat treatment to influence taste, flavour and
removal of peels.
texture.
Steam Stripping / Inertgas Drying
Torrefaction
Removal of solvent either by inert gas heating or
Torrefaction of biomass is a mild form of pyrolysis
by direct exposure of steam.
at temperatures typical ranging 200 – 320 °C.
During torrefaction the biomass properties are
changed to obtain a much better fuel quality for
combustion and gasification applications.

Ethanol stripper, Brazil

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 Treatment of products

Changing physical properties

Agglomeration Dedusting
Binding of particles by spraying liquids in a fluid Fines removal in a fluid bed by defined entrain-
bed. ment velocities.

Sand dryer-cooler with heat recovery, Poland

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Products
(direct or indirect supplied to the fluid bed

Direct supply
Crystals, fibres or fibrous materials, granules,
pellets, gravel type products up to 30 mm,
powders d‘50 bigger than 80 micron, polymers

Indirect supply
Liquids, slurry, filtration cake, pastes

Spice sterilizer-dryer, Indonesia

Medium
(temperature up to 750 °C)

Air (dry or humid), steam, inert gas

Heat source
(supply medium direct or indirect)

Natural, bio-, propane and waste gas (direct and

indirect fired), steam (direct and indirect), thermal
oil (indirect) diesel and oil (direct and indirect fired),
dessicant air (direct), water (cooled or chilled -
Poultry litter dryer, Netherlands
indirect)

Exhaust system
Cyclones size diameter 300 - 2000 mm
Scrubbers size diameter 500 - 4000 mm
Bag filters size 50 - 2000 m²

Materials of construction
Mild steel
Heat resistant steel 16Mo 3
Heat resistant stainless steel 153 MA,
AISI 321,1.4878
Duplex steel
Stainless steel AISI 304 (L), 316 (L), 904L,
254 SMO
Titanium

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 Delivery program

Fluid bed units

A fluid bed is an effective unit to thermally treat
powders, crystalline products, pelletized or extruded
materials. High heat and mass transfer are obtained
as a result of the intimate contact between fluidizing
air and product.

Shaking fluid bed

units for continuous operation and suitable for sticky
materials with a wide particle size distribution.
The shaking motion improves the fluidization and
transport of any material within the fluid bed.
Drying gas temperature up to 750 °C and product
temperatures up to 400 °C are achieved.

Static fluid bed

units in continuous and batch type for more uniform
materials that do not tend to agglomerate. It is
possible to install submerged heat exchangers in a
deep static bed. With submerged heat exchangers
energy input is both from the fluidizing air as well as
from the heat exchangers reducing the size of the
equipment and limiting the exhaust air volume.

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 Delivery program

Decontamination plants
for treating food products both at high pressure and
atmospheric pressure. Products are exposed to a
live steam atmosphere for a short and determined
period to reduce the bacterial load of the material.
After steam treatment the products are dried and
cooled in either a fluid bed or a flash dryer.

Belt dryers
for continuous drying of pellets or agglomerates
mainly used for products that are not suitable for fluid
bed drying. The materials that are sticky, of which
the particle size is too large or the required residence
time above 1 hour. These dryers are manufactured
with single and multi-stage belts. Housing and belts
in mild or stainless steel.

Flash dryers
for fine sized materials and removing mainly surface
moisture. Wet material is conveyed and dried in a hot
air stream, drying is

Air handling equipment

associated with the above drying systems including
air heating systems, cyclone separators, bag houses,
wet scrubbers, ducting etc.

Engineering and procurement

of material handling systems that are directly
associated with the drying system.

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 Mineral Industry

Fluid bed dryers are used for processing natural The systems are used for drying, cooling, calcining,
materials, our systems are designed to minimize dedusting, etc.
energy usage, easy to maintain and operate, rigid
construction for challenging environments.

Sand dryer-cooler, South-Africa

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Our equipment & plants can be successfully used for
several products in the Mineral Industry.
Some examples are:

Sand Clay
Limestone Kaolin
Gypsum Fly-ash
Betonite Marble
Leonardite Puzolan
Perlite Mineral ores
Quarz Frac sand
Slag

Sand dryer-cooler, Germany

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 Food and Feed Industry

Fluid bed systems are used for a wide variety of food The systems are used for drying, cooling,
and feed ingredients, hygienic design as requested in roasting, expanding, removal of solvents, cooking,
this industry with gentle and even drying to preserve decontamination, deactivating, etc.
the quality of the materials. Special executions
with CIP, GMP design, increased residence time,
operating with low oxygen levels are available.

Bread crumbs dryer-cooler, Netherlands

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Our equipment & plants can be successfully used
for several products in the food and feed industry.
Some examples are:

Rice Seeds Proteins

Sugar Pectin Roots
Maiz Paprika Sucrose
Cereals Potato Soya
Flour Citrus waste Fructose
Gelatine Peanuts Bread crumbs
Coffee Tea Fish meal
Salt Lactose Fish feed
Starch Seaweed Carob
Herbs Fruits Cacao
Rice dryer-cooler, Spain
Spices Vitamins

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 Chemical Industry

In the chemical industry fluid bed dryers are used Systems are used for drying, cooling, removal of sol-
to dry all kinds of crystalline materials, powders, vents, chemical reactions, etc.
extrudates, etc. Special care is taken to select the
correct material of construction, minimize effluent
to the environment, reduce energy consumption.

Chemical dryer-cooler, Spain

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Our equipment & plants can be successfully used for
several products in the chemical industry.
Some examples are:
NaCl MgSO4.4H2O
NH4-ClN Ethylene Propylene
Na2SO4 PVC
CaCO3 Polypropylene
CuSO4.H2O Hard plastics
CaCl2 CMC
KCl Potassium
K2SO4 Acrylic grains
MgCl2.2H2O Cellulose
MnSO4.4H2O ZnSO4
Polymers Formaldehyd usw. Chemical dryer-cooler, Mexico

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 Biomass and Waste Industry
Biomasse Industrie

In the biomass and waste industry fluid bed dryers Drying takes normally place at lower temperatures
are used to dry biomass materials and solid waste between 100 - 200 gr. C by use of waste heat from
materials, sludges and slurries, in order to increase CHP or boilers.
the heating value for biomass and alternative fuels
and reduce the volume.

Poultry litter dryer-cooler, Netherlands

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 RDF/SRF dryer-cooler RiverRidgeRecycling facility

Our equipment & plants can be successfully used for

several products in the biomass industry.
Some examples are:

Wood chips Digester sludge

Sludge Prunings
Peat Paper sludge
Empty Fruit Brunches Cokes
Saw dust Bamboo
Manure Plastics from MSW
Coconut fiber Organics from MSW
Coal Shavings
Municipal Solid Waste RDF
Citrus peel dryer-cooler, Bolivia

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 Designing & Engineering

Manufacturing

Installation & Commissioning

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 Testing facilities

TEMA Process B.V. offers testing facilities to These test dryers are available in our testing facilities
determine best possible product performance: but can also do the test work at your production site
On laboratory scale with the professional support from our experienced
Pilot plant scale engineers.
Industrial size

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TEMA PROCESS B.V.
Ingenieur R.R. van der Zeelaan 5
8191 JH Wapenveld
The Netherlands

phone +31 (0) 88 5225 800

fax +31 (0) 88 5225 899

www.temaprocess.com
[email protected]

WB902E/08.2017