Shergar (3 March 1978 – c.

February 1983) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred

racehorse. After a very successful season in 1981 he was retired to the Ballymany Stud in
County Kildare, Ireland. In 1983 he was stolen from the stud, and a ransom of £2 million was
demanded; it was not paid, and negotiations were soon broken off by the thieves. In 1999 a
supergrass, formerly in the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), stated they stole the horse.
The IRA has never admitted any role in the theft.

The Aga Khan, Shergar's owner, sent the horse for training in Britain in 1979 and 1980. Shergar
began his first season of racing in September 1980 and ran two races that year, where he won
one and came second in the other. In 1981 he ran in six races, winning five of them. In June that
year he won the 202nd Epsom Derby by ten lengths—the longest winning margin in the race's
history. Three weeks later he won the Irish Sweeps Derby by four lengths; a month after that he
won the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes by four lengths. In his final race of the year
he came in fourth, and the Aga Khan took the decision to retire him to stud in Ireland.

After Shergar's Epsom Derby win, the Aga Khan sold 40 shares in the horse, valuing it at
£10 million. Retaining six shares, he created an owner's syndicate with the remaining 34
members. Shergar was stolen from the Aga Khan's stud farm by an armed gang on 8 February
1983. Negotiations were conducted with the thieves, but the gang broke off all communication
after four days when the syndicate did not accept as true the proof provided that the horse was
still alive. In 1999 Sean O'Callaghan, a former member of the IRA, published details of the theft
and stated that it was an IRA operation to raise money for arms. He said that very soon after the
theft, Shergar had panicked and damaged his leg, which led to him being killed by the gang. An
investigation by The Sunday Telegraph concluded that the horse was shot four days after the
theft.

No arrests have ever been made in relation to the theft. Shergar's body has never been recovered
or identified; it is likely that the body was buried near Aughnasheelin, near Ballinamore, County
Leitrim. In honour of Shergar, the Shergar Cup was inaugurated in 1999. His story has been
made into two screen dramatisations, several books and two documentaries.

Background and early training

Shergar was a Thoroughbred bay colt with a white blaze, four white socks and a wall (blue)
eye.[1] He was foaled on 3 March 1978 at Sheshoon—the private stud of the Aga Khan IV—near
the Curragh Racecourse in County Kildare, Ireland.[1][2] Shergar was sired by Great Nephew, a
British stallion whose wins included the Prix du Moulin and Prix Dollar in France in 1967.[3]
Great Nephew's other progeny included Grundy, Mrs Penny and Tolmi.[4] Shergar's dam was
Sharmeen, a seventh-generation descendent of Mumtaz Mahal, a horse that is described by the
National Sporting Library as "one of the most important broodmares of the 20th Century".[5]

In 1978 the Aga Khan—the leader of Nizari Ismailism, philanthropist and horse owner[6][7]—
announced he would send some of his yearlings for training in England. For a trainer, he chose
Michael Stoute, who was based at Newmarket. Stoute had a good year in 1978, and had trained
the winners of the Oaks, Irish Oaks and Yorkshire Oaks with Fair Salinia, and the Gold Cup with
Shangamuzo.[8][9] Shergar was sent into training with Stoute in 1979, as the Aga Khan's second
year of sending horses to England.[10]

According to Stoute and Ghislain Drion—the manager of the Aga Khan's Irish studs—Shergar
was easy to break, and had a good temperament. He responded very well to training, particularly
in September 1980, when the jockey Lester Piggott rode him in the run-up to Shergar's debut
race.[11]

Racing career
1980: two-year-old season

The racing silks of the Aga Khan IV, worn by Lester Piggott and Walter Swinburn when they
rode Shergar

On 19 September 1980 Shergar ran his first race, the Kris Plate, with Piggott as his jockey. The
race was open to two-year-old colts and geldings over a 1 mile (1.6 km) straight at Newbury.
Listed as favourite with odds of 11–8, he kept in behind the leaders before opening up and
winning by 2 1⁄2 lengths.[12][13] Richard Baerlein, the racing correspondent for The Observer,
thought Shergar's run was the best from a two-year-old that season.[14] After the race Stoute said
the horse would run one more race that year to gain experience, before resting until the following
year.[13]

Shergar's second race was the 1 mile (1.6 km) William Hill Futurity Stakes at Doncaster, run on
25 October 1980. He was again ridden by Piggott, with odds of 5–2 in a very experienced field
of seven.[15] Shergar sat behind the pace-setting leader for much of the race, and when that horse
faded, the running was taken up by Beldale Flutter. Shergar challenged for the lead, but Beldale
Flutter pulled away and won by 2 1⁄2 lengths; Shergar came in second.[16][17] Following the race,
Michael Seely, the racing correspondent of The Times, thought Shergar's run was significant, and
that he was "a magnificent stamp of a horse" whose odds of 25–1 for the following year's Derby
were worth considering.[18]

1981: three-year-old season

Over late 1980 and early 1981 Shergar filled out and was stronger by April 1981. Stoute had
decided that Shergar should run in that year's Derby, and planned the season accordingly. The
first race to prepare him was the Guardian Newspaper Classic Trial,[19] run at Sandown on 25
April 1981, where he was ridden by Walter Swinburn. In a 9-horse, 1 1⁄4-mile (2.0 km) race,
Shergar raised his pace after a mile and won by 10 lengths.[20] Baerlein had written in his column
before the race that at 25–1, the odds for Shergar to win the Derby were excellent. After the win,
he noted them shortening to 8–1, where, "the bet is still worth pressing";[21] he continued "If ...
[Shergar] wins his next race at Chester or the Ladbroke Lingfield Trial as easily, he will be down
to less than 4-1. Surely this is the time to bet like men."[21]

As further training for the Derby, Stoute decided that Shergar needed practice on a left-hand
cornered course; he selected Chester, where the Chester Vase was run on 5 May 1981.[22] After
keeping pace with the leaders, with half a mile to go, Swinburn urged Shergar to increase speed,
and he did, overtaking the leaders and going clear to win by 12 lengths.[23][24]

Shergar on his way to winning the 1981 Epsom Derby

On 3 June 1981 Shergar ran in the Derby. Set over a 1 1⁄2 mile (2.4 km) course at the Epsom
Downs Racecourse in Surrey, the Derby is a Group 1 flat race open to three-year-old
Thoroughbred colts and fillies.[25] After the top of the uphill straight start of the course, Shergar
was well-placed and moving through the other runners. At Tattenham Corner—the final bend of
the course—Shergar took the front of the race and opened up a lead over the others.[26][27]
Commentating on the race, Peter Bromley informed listeners that "there's only one horse in it—
you need a telescope to see the rest!"[28] Swinburn eased off the pace with two furlongs to go,
and won by ten lengths. It was the largest winning margin of any Epsom Derby.[26][27] John
Matthias, the jockey of the second-placed horse Glint of Gold, said that "I thought I'd achieved
my life's ambition. Only then did I discover there was another horse on the horizon."[29] In the
light of Shergar's run of wins, particularly the Derby, Baerlein wrote that the horse was one of
the finest he had seen.[30]

While out on the gallops on 15 June, Shergar threw his rider, ran through a hedge onto the road
and trotted along to the local village. He was spotted by a local resident, who followed the horse
until it stopped to graze on a hedge, and then led him back to the stables. Shergar was unharmed
during the event, and Stoute recalled "it's very lucky nothing happened to him; there's a crossing
there, and it's a difficult thing".[31][32]
By the time the Irish Derby was run at the Curragh, on 27 June 1981, Swinburn was suspended
following an infringement at Royal Ascot, so Piggott returned to ride Shergar.[33] At the half-way
point in the race, Shergar was in third place, but increased his pace to take the lead with three
furlongs to go. He slowed during the last furlong, and won by four lengths.[31][34] As the horse
approached the line, Michael O'Hehir, the commentator, informed viewers that "He's winning it
so easily; it's Shergar first and the rest are nowhere".[35] After the race Piggott told reporters that
he had no doubt that Shergar would win as the horse never struggled in the race.[36] He also said
that Shergar was one of the best horses he had ever raced on.[37]

Shergar's owner, the Aga Khan in 2014

Following Shergar's Epsom Derby win, a group of US horse owners had offered $40 million to
syndicate the horse. The Aga Khan turned down the offer, and instead decided to syndicate
Shergar for £10 million at £250,000 for each of the forty shares—a record price at the time; the
Aga Khan kept six shares for himself and the others were sold individually to buyers from nine
countries. The shareholders had the option each year of selecting a mare to be covered—or of
selling that option on. The stud fees were £60,000–80,000 per cover, which meant that
shareholders could expect to make a profit from stud within four years.[38][39]

Shergar had a break of almost a month until he ran in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Diamond Stakes at Ascot on 25 July 1981. The race was slow-paced to start and Shergar was
boxed in by other horses, but found a way out by the time the leaders had reached the final
straight, and accelerated to win by four lengths.[40][41] For Baerlein, the race showed that Shergar
was the best horse he had ever seen race;[40] Michael Phillips, the racing correspondent for The
Times, wrote that the win "proved that Shergar is a cut above the average but not exceptional".
Phillips continued that Shergar "failed to fill me, and many more besides, with the magic that
was in the air after Nijinsky and Mill Reef had won the same race".[41]

The Aga Khan and Stoute considered entering Shergar into the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe that
autumn, but decided that he needed one more race to prepare. They entered him into what would
be his final race, the St Leger Stakes at Doncaster on 12 September 1981, with Swinburn as the
jockey.[32] Ten days before the race, a story was published in the racing newspaper Sporting Life
that Shergar had not been practising well and had become "mulish"; Stoute stated that the
rumours were untrue.[42] Shergar was running well in the race, although the soft ground was not
to his liking, but on the final straight, when Swinburn tried to get him to accelerate to the front,
the horse would not respond. Shergar came in fourth, 11 1⁄2 lengths behind Cut Above, the
winner.[43]

Surprised by the manner of the loss, Stoute and the Aga Khan ran a series of tests on Shergar. All
showed the horse was in good health, and he worked well in training after the race. Unwilling to
risk the horse without knowing what had happened at the St Leger, the Aga Khan did not enter
him into the Arc, and instead retired him to the Ballymany Stud, near the Curragh.[44] He later
explained to a racing journalist:

He was just an exceptional athlete. All through the spring and summer he completely dominated
European racing in a very dramatic manner, and after he had run so uncharacteristically in the St.
Leger, we knew something had gone wrong, but we didn't know what it was, so it was an easy
decision to retire him before the Arc.[44]

Stud career
The Aga Khan turned down large offers to put Shergar to stud in the US, and instead chose to
stand him at the Ballymany Stud in Ireland. He arrived in October 1981, and was paraded down
the main street of Newbridge, County Kildare. Milton Toby, the writer on Thoroughbred racing
and equine law, judges Shergar to have been "a national hero in Ireland. ... one of the most
recognizable sports personalities—horse or human—in Ireland."[45]

In 1982—his only rutting season—Shergar covered 44 mares, from which 36 foals were
produced:[46] 17 colts and 19 fillies. Of these, three won Group races, and the most successful of
his progeny was Authaal. When sold as a weanling (between six months and a year) Authaal
reached 325,000 guineas.[a] He was sold a year later, where he fetched 3.1 million guineas.[49] In
1986 he won the Irish St. Leger by five lengths.[50] Toby considers that Shergar's progeny were
"perhaps not a disappointing first crop, but certainly below expectations for a horse with
Shergar's racing prowess."[50]

At the start of February 1983 Shergar's second stud season was about to begin, and he was in
high demand, and had a full book of 55 mares to cover. He was expected to earn £1 million for
the season.[51][52]

February 1983 onwards

Theft
Ballymany Stud
Ballymany Stud, County Kildare, from where Shergar was stolen

On 8 February 1983, at around 8:30 pm, three men—all armed and wearing masks—entered the
house of Jim Fitzgerald, the head groom at Ballymany. They were part of a group of at least
six,[53] and possibly up to nine men.[54] One of the men said to him "We have come for Shergar.
We want £2 million for him."[52] Fitzgerald said the men were not rough, although one of them
who carried a pistol was very aggressive.[52][55] Fitzgerald's family were locked into a room while
he was taken, at gunpoint, out to Shergar's stable and was told to put the horse in the back of a
horsebox.[56]

After the horsebox was driven away Fitzgerald was told to lie on the floor of a van, and his face
was covered with a coat. He was driven around for four hours before being released near the
village of Kilcock, approximately 20 miles (32 km) from Ballymany. He was told not to contact
the Garda Síochána (Gardaí)—the Irish police—or he and his family would be killed, but to wait
for the gang to contact him. He was given the code phrase "King Neptune", which the gang
would use to identify themselves. The men did not say that they were from the IRA, or give any
other indication as to who they were,[57][58][59] although one of the men spoke with a Northern
Irish accent, and another seemed to be experienced with horses.[60][61]

Fitzgerald walked on to the next village and called his brother to pick him up. On arrival back at
Ballymany, he rang Ghislain Drion to inform him of the theft, and urged him not to call the
police because of the threats that had been made. Drion attempted to reach the Aga Khan in
Switzerland to inform him, then rang Stan Cosgrove, Shergar's vet, who was also a shareholder.
Cosgrove contacted a retired Irish Army captain, Sean Berry, who was manager of the Irish
Thoroughbred Breeders Association. Berry contacted Alan Dukes, a friend of his who was the
serving Minister for Finance, who suggested that Berry speak to Michael Noonan, the Minister
for Justice. Noonan and Dukes told him to call the Gardaí. By 4:00 am Drion had managed to
contact the Aga Khan, who told him to phone the Gardaí straight away. The force were then
contacted, but it was eight hours after Shergar had been stolen and any possible trail had already
gone cold.[62][63]

The Aga Khan had several reasons for non-payment of the ransom, including that he was only
one of 35 members, and could not negotiate or pay on behalf of the others. He was unsure
whether Shergar would be returned even if the money was paid, and concerned that, if the
kidnappers' demands were met, it would make every high-value horse in Ireland a target for
future thefts.[64] The shareholders were divided on the approach. Brian Sweeney, a veteran of the
American horseracing industry thought that "if you ask a mother who has had a child that has
been kidnapped if a ransom should be paid, I think the answer would be 'yes, and quickly' ";
another shareholder, Lord Derby, disagreed and said "if ransom money is paid for this horse,
then there is a danger of other horses being kidnapped in the years to come—and that simply
cannot be tolerated".[65]

First approach by the thieves

The sports commentator Derek Thompson, who became involved in the negotiations for Shergar

The first phone call from the thieves was on the night Shergar was stolen;[b] Fitzgerald was not
back at Ballymany by that time, and had not had the chance to tell the news of the theft to
anyone. The call was to Jeremy Maxwell, a horse trainer based in Northern Ireland. The caller
demanded £40,000, although this figure was later raised to £52,000. Maxwell was told that the
negotiations would only be with three British horse racing journalists, Derek Thompson and John
Oaksey of ITV and Peter Campling from The Sun.[68][69] The men were told to be at the Europa
Hotel in central Belfast by the Thursday evening;[70] the Europa was known as the most bombed
hotel in Europe after having suffered multiple bomb attacks during the Troubles.[71]

When the three sports journalists arrived at the Europa, they were contacted by phone and told to
go to Maxwell's house to await further calls. On orders from the police, Thompson kept the
person talking for as long as possible, but the caller rang off at 80 seconds—before the call could
be traced. There were a series of calls to Maxwell's house later that night, and at 1:30 am
Thompson managed to keep the caller talking for over 90 seconds, which would have been
enough to trace the call; he was told that the person who was doing the call intercepts had
finished his shift at midnight and gone home.[66] At 7:00 am on 12 February another call was put
through to the Maxwell's house, which said that things had gone wrong, and that Shergar was
dead.[29][72]

Although a committee put together by the syndicate to co-ordinate their response later
considered that this was a hoax, Toby argues that as the call about the theft preceded Fitzgerald's
return to Ballymany—i.e. before anyone knew about the theft—and as the callers used the code
phrase "King Neptune" in their communications, it is more likely that the calls, and the ensuing
focus on the high-profile activity in Belfast, were undertaken to distract the authorities from what
was happening with Shergar elsewhere.[72]

Second approach by the thieves

On 9 February the thieves opened a second line of negotiation, contacting Ballymany Stud
directly and speaking to Drion. The call, which came in at 4:05 pm, was short. Drion was not a
fluent speaker of English and struggled to understand the Irish accent of the caller; the caller
similarly had problems with Drion's heavy French pronunciation. Ninety minutes later, the caller
tried again, with Drion asking him to speak slowly. A demand of £2 million was made for the
return of Shergar, and for a contact number in France, through which further negotiations could
be made. Drion provided the number of the Aga Khan's French office.[73][74][75]

Probably one of the photographs sent by the thieves during the negotiations, as proof that
Shergar was still alive[76][c]

The syndicate which owned Shergar brought in the risk and strategic consulting firm Control
Risks to handle the negotiations.[78] They negotiated from the Paris office, with a series of
telephone calls over four days.[79] On Friday 11 February the negotiators demanded proof that
Shergar was still alive, as there had been some speculation in the press that Shergar was dead.
The thieves said that a representative of the syndicate should go to the Crofton Hotel in Dublin
and ask for any messages for "Johnny Logan"—the name of an Irish singer. Stan Cosgrove went
to the hotel and asked for any messages. Armed members of the Special Detective Unit—the
domestic security agency of the Gardaí—were present in an undercover role. No message was
delivered, and Cosgrove returned home after waiting. Shortly afterwards the negotiators received
a phone call from the thieves, angry at the presence of the police, and threatening that if any
members of the gang were captured or killed, the negotiators and police would be murdered in
retribution.[80][81][82]

On Saturday 12 February the thieves contacted the negotiators and said that proof had been left
at the Rosnaree Hotel. When this was picked up, it contained several polaroid pictures showing
Shergar; some of the pictures showed the horse's head next to a copy of The Irish News, dated 11
February.[83][82] Cosgrove saw the photograph and confirmed that "it definitely was him",[84]
although he added "It wasn't proof that the horse was alive ... at that point ... you'd want to get
much more definite evidence ... if you'd have seen the complete horse it would have been
different, but this was just the head."[85]

In a telephone call from the thieves to the negotiators at 10:40 pm on 12 February, it was
explained that the syndicate were not satisfied with the pictures of the horse, which, they
explained, did not constitute enough proof. The caller told the negotiators "If you're not satisfied,
that's it".[86] The call was ended, and the thieves never made any further contact. The syndicate
attempted to re-establish contact with the gang, but there was no response to newspaper requests
to do so.[87][86]

Negotiations examined

The syndicate committee put together a report for the full syndicate, which examined the
possible motives behind the theft. They concluded that the theft of Shergar was either undertaken
to create confusion and publicity, rather than obtaining money, or that the negotiations were
undertaken with naivety. They reached this conclusion after taking a number of factors into
account. Many of the demands were physically impossible: the ransom demand included £100
notes, which did not exist. In one call at 5:45 pm to Drion in Ballymany, he was told to deliver
the £2 million to Paris before noon the following day. In a call at 5:00 pm, the Paris negotiators
were told to get £2 million by the end of the night—after the Parisian banks had closed. In
another call, the negotiator in Paris was told to get agreement for a ransom, but told he should
not contact anyone in Ireland, despite some of the shareholders being there.[82][88][89] It also
became clear during the course of the negotiations that the gang thought that the Aga Khan was
the sole owner of Shergar; they had no knowledge of the other shareholders, and did not take into
account the complexity of liaising and organising all 35 shareholders into a position of
agreement.[90]

Police investigation

The initial police investigation was hindered by the eight-hour lapse before the crime was
reported, and by a local Thoroughbred auction, which meant several horseboxes were travelling
in the area.[52][91] Leading the investigation was Chief Superintendent James Murphy, a highly
experienced detective.[92] In his first press conference Murphy described how he was "slightly
concerned" about the theft, and told reporters that "I have no leads".[93] His comment about a lack
of leads was not truthful, as Murphy withheld much information from the media,[83] including the
police finding the magazine for a Steyr MPi 69 submachine gun, which suggested a link to an
IRA active service unit in South Armagh.[94]

Murphy had a strong Irish brogue, wore a trilby hat and had a self-effacing sense of humour. At
one press conference, he announced "A clue? That is something we haven't got".[52][95] Several
people claiming to have paranormal powers contacted the Gardaí with their thoughts; Murphy
reported that "diviners, clairvoyants and psychic persons—they're in three different categories—
they must be running into the fifties now".[96] During one press conference, six photographers
turned up wearing similar trilbies to the policeman; The Times called him a "stage Irishman".[92]
One reviewer of a documentary in 2004 called Murphy "the most richly comic copper since
Inspector Clouseau".[97] After eight days with no progress, he was replaced as the public figure of
the investigation, but continued to lead it.[92]

On 16 February a description of the horsebox used by the thieves—from a description given by

Fitzgerald—was released. It was either light green or light blue with no working lights and no
licence plates. The huge police search of possible hiding places for Shergar—by the Gardaí in
the Irish Republic and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) in Northern Ireland—found no trace
of the horse or horsebox, but several IRA caches of arms and explosives were uncovered, leading
to the loss of several safe houses.[98] Up to 70 detectives were working on the case at one
point.[99] Two weeks after Shergar was stolen, the police search was scaled down, although the
investigation continued.[100]

Speculation and hoaxes

With no definite news of Shergar's whereabouts, and with the Gardaí limiting the information
they released to the press, the media took to speculation to cover the story. Baerlein observes that
in reporting the Shergar case, "the press speculation was remarkable for its enthusiasm and its
inaccuracy over a long period of time".[101] Such media claims included that Shergar had been
stolen by Colonel Gaddafi as part of a deal to supply arms to the IRA;[52] that, according to the
tabloid newspaper Sunday Sport, Shergar was spotted being ridden by the missing Lord
Lucan;[102] that a Middle Eastern horse breeder had stolen him for stud;[103] and that the Mafia
had undertaken the act to punish the Aga Khan over a previous sale of a horse which had gone
badly.[104]

Eight weeks after Shergar was stolen, Stan Cosgrove was approached by senior detectives within
the Gardaí who introduced him to Dennis Minogue, a horse trainer. Minogue claimed to have a
contact within the IRA who had shown him a photograph of Shergar, and that he could help get
Shergar released for a ransom of IR£80,000. The Gardaí asked Cosgrove to assist them in a sting
operation to lure the thieves out. Cosgrove agreed, and on 20 July 1983 Detective Garda Martin
Kenirons assisted the operation. He put the money in the boot of his car in a remote village,
which Minogue was to collect once the horse had been released. The following day Kenirons
found the boot of his car forced open and the money missing. Minogue had also disappeared, and
the money was never recovered.[105][106]

A subsequent internal Gardaí enquiry dismissed Kenirons from the force for breaching Gardaí
regulations.[107] In an interview in 2018 he reiterated his long-stated innocence and said "when it
all went wrong, everyone jumped for the high ground. They [the senior Gardaí officers] all
denied that they had anything to do with the ransom."[108]

Insurance

Shergar was insured through several different insurance companies. The Lloyd's of London
insurance brokers Hodgson McCreedy covered £3,625,000 of the total, and added a theft clause
to the policy. Other shareholders—accountable for £1.5 million worth of shares—had insurance
that did not include a theft clause; Cosgrove was one of the mortality-only insured members.
Shareholders accounting for £3 million did not take out insurance; the Aga Khan was one of the
uninsured members of the syndicate.[109] Cosgrove was insured with the Norwich Union (now
part of Aviva), who refused to pay, even when it became clear that Shergar was probably dead;
the company's liability was £144,000.[110][111]

The 20 policies that included a theft clause were all settled in full in June 1983, even though
there was a question of whether there was a need to. Terry Hall, an animal insurance insurer with
Lloyd's of London, observes that while theft was clear cut, the demand of a ransom meant that
the action was considered extortion, rather than theft, which meant the mortality and theft
policies did not have to be paid out. Legal advice was sought by Lloyd's of London, who were
told that although it was a grey area, payment was advised.[112]

Possible identification of the criminals

Police and intelligence sources considered the IRA as the most likely suspects behind the
theft.[113] During the 1980s, the Irish republican movement followed the Armalite and ballot box
strategy, in which electoral success was chased by Sinn Féin, while an armed struggle was
continued by the IRA.[114][115] The strategy was expensive, requiring payment for arms and
explosives for the IRA, and for political activity, advertising and salaries for Sinn Féin. The
annual budget for the movement was estimated at between £2 million[116] and £5 million, and it
was always under financial pressure.[117]

In October 1981 the IRA Army Council—the leadership group of the organisation—approved
the kidnapping of Ben Dunne, then head of the chain of Dunnes Stores. Dunne was released
unharmed after a week; both the Dunne family and the Gardaí deny a ransom of £300,000 was
paid.[118][119] According to intelligence subsequently received by the intelligence sources, after
the success of the operation, it was decided to undertake another ransom—through kidnapping or
theft—this time of Shergar.[120]

In 1999 Sean O'Callaghan, a former member of the IRA who had been working within the
organisation as a supergrass for the Gardaí since 1980, published his autobiography. In it, he
states that the plot to steal and ransom Shergar was devised by Kevin Mallon, a leading IRA
member who sat on the Army Council; Mallon came up with the idea while serving time in
Portlaoise Prison.[121][122] Mallon was put in charge of a Special Operations unit with orders to
raise several million pounds, and several IRA men were taken from under O'Callaghan's control
in IRA Southern Command and put into Mallon's unit.[123] These included the IRA members
Gerry Fitzgerald, Paul Stewart, Rab Butler and Nicky Kehoe.[124][125][126]

Two weeks after Shergar's kidnap, Gerry Fitzgerald told O'Callaghan that he had been involved
in the theft, and that Shergar had been killed early on in the process after the horse panicked and
no-one present could cope with him. In the process the horse damaged its left leg and the
decision was made to kill it. In his 1999 autobiography O'Callaghan states that Shergar "was
killed within days" of the theft;[127] in an interview for RTE, the Irish broadcaster, in 2004, he
stated that Gerry Fitzgerald "strongly suggested that Shergar had been killed within hours of his
kidnap".[128] The IRA then kept up a deception that the horse was still alive and in their care.[124]

Kevin O'Connor, a journalist with RTE, identifies three parts of the gang: a section to undertake
high-profile activity in Belfast, to focus media attention in the north; one part negotiating
discreetly with the Aga Khan; and one part guarding the horse.[129]

According to O'Callaghan, in August 1983, in an effort to raise the money that they failed to do
with the Shergar theft, Fitzgerald and his group attempted to kidnap the businessman Galen
Weston at his home in County Wicklow. The Gardaí had been forewarned, and took over the
house while Weston was in the UK. After a gun battle, Gerry Fitzgerald, Kehoe and three others
were arrested. They received long prison sentences.[130] O'Callaghan stated that "Essentially the
same team that went to kidnap Shergar went to kidnap Galen Weston".[131]

No arrests have ever been made in relation to Shergar's theft. The IRA have never admitted any
role in the theft or its aftermath.[132][133] Mallon and Kehoe deny any involvement in the
events.[134][52] Toby raises a query over O'Callaghan's story, saying the IRA informant was "a
confessed informer whose life depending on his ability to weave a convincing web of lies.
Without more evidence, O'Callaghan's story ... [is] just that, an interesting story."[134]

In 2008 a special investigation by The Sunday Telegraph obtained information from another IRA
member who said that O'Callaghan had not been told the full story "because the gang was so
embarrassed by what happened": a vet that the IRA had arranged to look after Shergar did not
turn up because his wife threatened to leave him if he did.[52] Once the IRA realised that the Aga
Khan was not going to pay, the Army Council ordered the horse to be released. The extensive
search by the Gardaí hampered any release, and Mallon thought he was under close surveillance,
and that releasing the horse was too risky, so he ordered that it should be killed. The IRA source
told the newspaper that two men went into the stable where Shergar was being held; one carried
a machine gun:

Shergar was machine gunned to death. There was blood everywhere and the horse even slipped
on his own blood. There was lots of cussin' and swearin' because the horse wouldn't die. It was a
very bloody death.[52]

Remains
Ballinamore
Ballinamore, County Leitrim, a possible location for Shergar's remains

Shergar's body has never been recovered or identified. Several sources, including O'Callaghan,
The Sunday Telegraph and The Observer consider it likely that the body was buried near
Aughnasheelin, near Ballinamore, County Leitrim.[52][135][136] O'Callaghan said that as far as he
knew, the remains had been buried on the farm of an IRA veteran from the 1940s, and that it
would be difficult to get permission to dig on the land.[137] Ballinamore is a town of strong
republicanism, once nicknamed the "Falls Road of the South"—a reference to the Falls Road,
Belfast, a highly republican area during the Troubles.[52]

There have been several claims of horse's skeletons being that of Shergar. Des Leadon, a
specialist horse vet with knowledge of equine pathology, has assisted the Gardaí in several
instances where a horse's remains may have been those of Shergar. He retains some strands of
hair from Shergar's mane and tail which, he says, may contain sufficient DNA to confirm an
identification.[138]

Legacy
In 1999, in honour of Shergar, the Shergar Cup was inaugurated at Goodwood Racecourse, in a
format that put a European team of jockeys against one from the Middle East.[139] The race was
later moved to Ascot Racecourse and is a competition between four teams, Great Britain and
Ireland, Europe, the rest of the world and an all-women team.[140] The winners of the competition
are presented with a trophy showing Shergar; this was donated by the Aga Khan.[141]

On the twentieth anniversary of Shergar's Derby win, a bronze statuette of the horse was
presented to the winning jockey.[55] A statue of Shergar stands in the grounds of Gilltown Stud,
one of the Aga Khan's Irish stud farms.[142]
The story of Shergar's theft was made into a television play with Stephen Rea and Gary
Waldhorn, broadcast in March 1986 as part of the BBC's Screen Two anthology series. The play
was based on the few facts known, plus a backstory described as plausible by Hugh Hebert,
reviewing for The Guardian.[143] The theft was also dramatised as the film Shergar, directed by
Dennis Lewiston and starring Ian Holm and Mickey Rourke.[144] There have been two television
documentaries, Who Kidnapped Shergar?, broadcast on RTE in March 2004,[145] and Searching
for Shergar, broadcast on BBC One in June 2018.[146]