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    Branching Applications: Ch.E. 412: Topic 2d

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    Ariana Religioso
    The document discusses solving material and energy balances for branching pipeline systems. It provides the general solution procedure, which involves representing the problem with a diagram, setting up material balances and mechanical energy balances for each branch, and simultaneously solving the equations. It also includes examples that demonstrate applying the procedure to problems involving unknown flow rates, pressures, or diameters.

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    Branching Applications: Ch.E. 412: Topic 2d

    Uploaded by

    Ariana Religioso
    83 views25 pages
    The document discusses solving material and energy balances for branching pipeline systems. It provides the general solution procedure, which involves representing the problem with a diagram, setting up material balances and mechanical energy balances for each branch, and simultaneously solving the equations. It also includes examples that demonstrate applying the procedure to problems involving unknown flow rates, pressures, or diameters.

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    Branching Applications

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    The document discusses solving material and energy balances for branching pipeline systems. It provides the general solution procedure, which involves representing the problem with a diagram, setting up material balances and mechanical energy balances for each branch, and simultaneously solving the equations. It also includes examples that demonstrate applying the procedure to problems involving unknown flow rates, pressures, or diameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    83 views25 pages

    Branching Applications: Ch.E. 412: Topic 2d

    Uploaded by

    Ariana Religioso
    The document discusses solving material and energy balances for branching pipeline systems. It provides the general solution procedure, which involves representing the problem with a diagram, setting up material balances and mechanical energy balances for each branch, and simultaneously solving the equations. It also includes examples that demonstrate applying the procedure to problems involving unknown flow rates, pressures, or diameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Branching Applications

    Ch.E. 412: Topic 2d


    References: Geankoplis (Chap. 2 and Handbook)

    © UST ChE Department


    Intended Learning Outcomes
    At the end of this topic, you should be able to:
    L1.11: To set up Material Balance and Overall
    Mechanical Balance system of equations for
    branching pipeline cases;
    L2.7 To apply solution procedures for the system
    of equations to solve cases involving:
    • Unknown Flow Rates
    • Unknown Pressure Drops
    • Unknown Diameter
    Branching Pipelines

    u2 g
    F  VP   z  Ws MEB Equation for Liquids
    2gc gc
    2G2
    RT  2fL P1  MEB Equation for Gases
    P1  P2 
    2 2
      ln  (Ws =Δz= 0 T and S
    gcM  D P2 
    constant)

    The MEB may be applied only to two reference points and for the
    same mass rate in the pipeline. In case branching is present,
    separate MEBs must be applied for each branch having the same
    mass rate. In addition, material balances must be applied to account
    for changes in the mass rates. Unknown rates and pressures in the
    piping system are determined by the simultaneous solution of the
    MEBs and Material Balance equations.
    Branching Pipelines
    General Solution Procedure

    1. Represent the problem with a diagram,


    choosing reference points that involve change
    in mass rates and will need separate MEBs.
    2. Assign mass rate and pressure symbols for all
    the branches.
    3. Setup material balances where there are
    changes in the mass rates. Express the balance
    in terms of velocity (for liquids) and mass
    velocity (for gases). In cases where flow
    direction is not clear, assume its direction and
    check the results later.
    Branching Pipelines
    General Solution Procedure

    4. Setup the MEB for each branch, taking note


    of common mass rates and pressures.
    5. Solve the material balance and MEB
    equations simultaneously, usually by
    eliminating common pressures in the
    branches and solving the resulting equation
    by trial and error.
    6. The working equation must be expressed in
    terms of only one missing flow rate. For first
    trial, equal friction factors for the branches
    may be assumed.
    Branching Pipeline Example 1

    T
    0 1
    Main Branch Branch A

    Fluid: Water at 30oC


    Flow at Main Branch: 400 L/min 2
    All Pipes 1” Sch. 40 steel Branch B
    Straight Pipe Lengths:
    Main Branch: 30 m
    Branch A: 30 m Find: a) Vol Rate (L/min) in the Branches
    Branch B: 50 m b) Pressures at 0 and T
    NO ELEVATION CHANGE
    P1 = P2 = 150 kPa
    Direct Solution
    Branching Pipeline Example 2

    T
    0 1
    Main Branch Branch A

    Fluid: Air at 30oC


    Flow at Main Branch: 100 mols/min 2
    All Pipes 1” Sch. 40 steel Branch B
    Straight Pipe Lengths:
    Main Branch: 250 m
    Branch A: 250 m Find: a) Molal Rate (mols/min) in the Branches
    Branch B: 350 m b) Pressures at 0 and T
    NO ELEVATION CHANGE
    P1 = P2 = 150 kPa
    More Exercises

    1. Repeat Examples 1 and 2 if P2 is 200 kPa.


    2. Repeat Examples 1 and 2 if PT = 600 kPa and
    the flow rate in the main branch is now
    unknown.
    3. Repeat Examples 1 and 2 if PT = 600 and the
    diameter of the pipeline is now unknown.
    Choose from standard sizes only.
    Answers to Exercise 1
    For Example 1 (P2 = 200 kPa)
    vA = 6.9024 m/s; qA = 231 L/min;
    PT = 778.658 ; P0 = 2713.247

    For Example 2 (P2 = 200 kPa)


    GA = 51.444 kg/s-m2; nA = 59.377 mols/min
    PT = 277.537 kPa; P0 = 476.156 kPa
    Answers to Exercise 2
    For Example 1 (PT = 600 kPa)
    vA = 5.8193 m/s; qA = 194.748 L/min;
    vB=4.43676 qB =148.507 L/min
    qM = 343.292 L/min; P0 = 2030.723

    For Example 2 (P2 = 600 kPa)


    GA = 131.3381 kg/s-m2; nA = 151.5914 mols/min
    GB = 110.6068 kg/s-m2; nB= 127.6632 mols/min
    GM = 241.9449 kg/s-m2; nM= 279.2546 mols/min
    P0 = 1236.6327 kPa
    Answers to Exercise 3
    For Example 1 (PT = 600 kPa, qM = 400 L/min)
    D = 1.11149” -still 1” Sch 40
    vA = 6.05054 m/s; qA = 226.996 L/min;
    vB= 4.21556 m/s; qB = 173.004 L/min
    P0 = 1938.438 kPa

    For Example 2 (P2 = 600 kPa, nM = 100 mols/min)


    D = 0.71156” (1/2” Sch 40)
    GA = 102.273 kg/s-m2; nA = 54.3152 mols/min
    GB = 86.0224 kg/s-m2; nB=45.6848 mols/min
    GM = 188.2954 kg/s-m2; nM= 100 mols/min
    P0 = 1222 kPa

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