GUIDED

NOTES

HOW TO USE THESE LECTURE NOTES

• Follow along to the lecture in class

• Fill in the blanks with the appropriate term or phrase based on the in class
lecture

• Use the “Try it out!” slides to complete the problems. Be sure to show all work!
• It may be necessary to draw number lines, create data tables, or provide
equations.

• Finally, be sure to fill in all tables completely, failure to do so may result in

missing data and incorrect solutions

MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY AND VARIATION
Unit: Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data
7th-9th Grade, Algebra 1 & 2
Mr. Neima Tanara

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GUIDED NOTES

WHAT WE’RE LEARNING

Learning Objectives: CA Content Standards:
• Finding Mean, Median, & Mode
• Represent data with plots on the
• Plotting & Interquartile Range real number line
• Use statistics appropriate to the
• Finding Variance and Standard shape of the data distribution to
compare center (median, mean)
Deviation and spread (interquartile range,
standard deviation)

WHAT IF I ASKED…
How long is your typical commute to school?

Before you answer, you may consider:

Normally Accident, Answer:

With traffic
about 10 about 45 about 20
30 minutes
minutes minutes minutes

(Data) (Mode) (Outlier) (Mean)

In answering my question, you have already thought of topics we will go over today!

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GUIDED NOTES

MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE

• ________– or average, is the sum of the values in a data set
divided by the number of values

• Represented by the symbol: 𝑥̅

• ________– the middle value, or mean of the two middle values,
when the data set is ordered numerically
• ________– the value or values that occur most often

FINDING MEAN (𝑥̅ ):

Free Throws 1. In order to find the mean we must first ______ all of our values together
Made
11+4+9+6+10 = ___
11

4 2. Once we have found the total of all the values, we must ______ by the
number of ______
9
____ / 5 = ____
6 $ = ____
𝒙
10
3. Therefore, we can say the mean (𝑥), or _______ number of free throws
made is ____

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GUIDED NOTES

FINDING THE MEDIAN

1. First we must put the _______ ___ ______
Free Throws
Made
4, 6, 9, 10, 11
11
2. Now we can identify the center number
4

9 4, 6, 9, 10, 11
6 Median= ____
10

FINDING THE MEDIAN

What happens if we add another number to the data set?
Free Throws
Made 1. We begin the same way by putting the _______ ___ ______

11 4, 6, 6, 9, 10, 11

4 2. Now we have two center numbers

9
4, 6, 6, 9, 10, 11
____
3. In this case, we must find the _______ of the two center numbers
6

10 𝟔+𝟗
= 7.5
𝟐

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GUIDED NOTES

FINDING THE MODE

• In order to find the mode we must determine the value that occurs most often
• The mode in a data set can be more than one value

Free Free
Throws In the data set at the left Throws In this data set, __ and ___
Made the value that occurs most Made both appear twice
often is ____
11 11 Therefore, Mode = ____ , ____
4 Therefore, Mode = ____ 4
9 9
6 6
10 10
6 11
6 4

TRY IT OUT!
• For the following data set determine the Mean, Median, and Mode
{12, 3, 9, 9, 7, 3, 11, 16, 3, 3, 12, 8, 6, 11, 7}

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GUIDED NOTES

TRY IT OUT!
• For the following data set determine the Mean, Median, and Mode
{12, 3, 9, 9, 7, 3, 11, 16, 3, 3, 12, 8, 6, 11, 7}

Mean:
3+ 3+3+ 3+6+ 7+7+ 8+9+ 9+11+ 11+12+ 12+16
= ____
15
Mean (𝑥
1 ) = ____
Median:
3, 3, 3, 3, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 11, 11, 12, 12, 16 Median = ____

3, 3, 3, 3, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 11, 11, 12, 12, 16 Mode = ____

Mode:
3, 3, 3, 3, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 11, 11, 12, 12, 16

BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT
• A Box-and-Whisker plot represents _______ and _______ values,
______(Q2) and the ______(Q1) and _____ _________ (Q3)

• Using a Box-and-Whisker plot will also help us find the

______________ ______ (IQR)

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GUIDED NOTES

BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT
• ________– the lowest value in a data set

• ________– the highest value in a data set

• ________(Q2) – the middle value, or mean of the two middle values, when
the data set is ordered numerically

• First Quartile (Q1) – _____________________________________________________

• Third Quartile (Q3) – ____________________________________________________

• Interquartile Range (IQR) – ______________________________________________

FINDING MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, & MEDIAN

• Lets look at the following data set: • Recall that the Median is the center value when
{2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15} the data set is ordered numerically

{2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15}

• We can see that the value, 2 is the lowest
(7 + 8)/2 = 7.5
value in the data set and 15 is the highest
value in the data set. Median = 7.5

Therefore:
Minimum = 2
Maximum = 15

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GUIDED NOTES

FINDING Q1, Q3, & INTERQUARTILE RANGE

• Now that we have found the median for the entire data set we can
determine Q1 & Q2:
{2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15}

____ 7.5 ____

____

• We can now find the Interquartile Range (IQR) with this simple equation:
IQR = Q3 – Q1
Therefore,
IQR = ___ – ___
IQR = ___

BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT
• Now that we have all of our values we can plot them on the number line:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
MIN. Q1 7.5 Q3 MAX.

Q2

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GUIDED NOTES

TRY IT OUT!
Make a box-and-whisker plot for the following data set {3, 5, 2, 2, 8, 9, 1, 11}

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Minimum: ____ Q1: ____

Maximum: ____ Q2: ____
Q3: ____

VARIANCE & STANDARD DEVIATION

• ________(𝜎 3 )– the average of the squared differences from the mean
• Standard Deviation (𝜎 ) – ___________________________________________

Measures of variance describe the ______of a data set

• ______ standard deviations tell us that the data are _____ to the measures of
central tendency
• ______ standard deviations tell us that the data are _____ out from the measures
of central tendency

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GUIDED NOTES

VARIANCE
Free Throws 𝟐
• To find the variance we must Made
X-𝒙 (X - 𝒙)
first find the mean
11 ____ ____
• Then we subtract the each
4 ____ ____
value from the mean and
square the answer 9 ____ ____
6 ____ ____
• Finally we find the mean for
10 ____ ____
the values (X − 𝒙$)𝟐
𝜎2 =

Therefore variance = _____

STANDARD DEVIATION
• Once we have found the __________ of the data set its easy to find the
Standard Deviation
• Standard Deviation simply equals the _______ _____ of the _________:

𝜎2 =
Free Throws 𝟐
X-𝒙 (X - 𝒙)
Made
11 ____ ____
𝜎3 = _____
4 ____ ____
9 ____ ____
𝜎 = = _____
6 ____ ____
Therefore, Standard Deviation = ____
10 ____ ____

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GUIDED NOTES

TRY IT OUT
Find the Variance and Standard deviation of the following data set:
{10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 23}

𝟐
x X-𝒙 (X - 𝒙) Variance =
10 ____ ____
12 ____ ____
14 ____ ____ Standard Deviation = = ____
15 ____ ____
18 ____ ____
20 ____ ____
23 ____ ____

LETS TEST YOUR LEARNING!

FINAL CHECK

• Find the Mean, Median, Mode and create a Box-and-Whisker Plot for the
following data set, {33, 34, 31, 27, 22}

• Find the Variance and Standard Deviation for the following data set,
{7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42}
• Then determine if the values are near the measures of central tendency or if
they are if they are spread out from the center

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