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Codes and Cipher

The document provides explanations of several different cipher techniques: 1) The Polybius Square uses a grid to represent letters with numeric coordinates for encryption. 2) The Caesar Cipher shifts letters by a set number of positions in the alphabet for a simple substitution cipher. 3) The Affine Cipher encrypts letters using a mathematical function and modulus arithmetic. 4) The Keyword Cipher generates a cipher alphabet using the letters of a keyword. 5) Binary Code and Morse Code are also coding systems that represent letters with numeric or signal patterns.

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Louis Yasis
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215 views4 pages

Codes and Cipher

The document provides explanations of several different cipher techniques: 1) The Polybius Square uses a grid to represent letters with numeric coordinates for encryption. 2) The Caesar Cipher shifts letters by a set number of positions in the alphabet for a simple substitution cipher. 3) The Affine Cipher encrypts letters using a mathematical function and modulus arithmetic. 4) The Keyword Cipher generates a cipher alphabet using the letters of a keyword. 5) Binary Code and Morse Code are also coding systems that represent letters with numeric or signal patterns.

Uploaded by

Louis Yasis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polybius Square Explanation

In cryptography, the Polybius Square, also known as


the Polybius checkboard, is a device invented by the
Ancient Greek historian and the scholar Polybius, for
fractioning plaintext characters so that they can be This can be like this:
represented by a smaller set of symbols.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5
1 A B C D E F G H 1 A B C D E

2 I/J K L M N O P Q 2 F G H I/J K

3 R S T U V W X Y 3 L M N O P

4 Z A B C D E F G 4 Q R S T U

5 H I/J K L M N O P 5 V W X Y Z

6 Q R S T U V W X

7 Y Z A B C D E F

8 G H I/J K L M N O

9 P Q R S T U V W

10 X Y Z A B C D E
Caesar Shift Cipher
Affine Cipher
It is one of the most simplest and known ciphers in
the world. By shifting other line of alphabetic letters It is a type of mono alphabetic substitution cipher,
direction or another you create cipher text. wherein each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its
numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple
mathematical function, and converted back to a letter
(Each letter is ciphered function (ax + b) mod 26).

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T

R S T U V W X Y Z Q R S T U V W X Y Z
U V W X Y Z A B C 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Plaintext A F F I N E
X 0 5 5 8 13 4
(5X + 8) 8 33 33 48 73 28
(5X + 8) mod 26 8 7 7 22 21 2
Binary Code

A – 1000001 a – 1100001 1 - 110001


B – 1000010 b – 1100010 2 - 110010
C – 1000011 c – 1100011 3 - 110011
Keyword Cipher D – 1000100 d – 1100100 4 - 110100
E – 1000101 e – 1100101 5 - 110101
Repeat of the letters in the word are removed, then the F – 1000110 f – 1100110 6 - 110110
cipher alphabet is generated with the keyboard G – 1000111 g – 1100111 7 - 110111
matching to A,B0,C etc. until the keyword is used up. H – 1001000 h – 1101000 8 - 111000
I – 1001001 i – 1101001 9 - 111001
J – 1001010 j - 1101010 0 – 110000
K – 1001011 k – 1101011 @ - 1000000
L – 1001100 l – 1101100 . - 101110
M – 1001101 m – 1101101 , - 101100
N – 1001110 n – 1101110 ? - 111111
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q O – 1001111 o – 1101111 ! - 100001
K R Y P T O S A B C D E F G H I J P – 1010000 p – 1110000 = - 111101
Q – 1010001 q – 1110001
R S T U V W X Y Z R – 1010010 r – 1110010
L M N Q U V W X Z S – 1010011 s – 1110011
T – 1010100 t – 1110100
U – 1010101 u – 1110101
V – 1010110 v – 1110110
W – 1010111 w – 1110111
X – 1011000 x – 1111000
Y – 1011001 y – 1111001
Z – 1011010 z - 1111010
Morse Code

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