(IRJET-V4I7224) To Study Earthquake Resistance Design of Structures PDF

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
TO STUDY THE EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

Ishita Arora1, Er. Rajinder Singh2
1Student at department of Civil Engineering
R.N. College of Engineering (Panipat )
2Assistant Professor at department of Civil Engineering
R.N. College of Engineering (Panipat )

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Abstract: The scientific study of earthquakes and the (a) A complete probabilistic analysis;
propagation of seismic wave, the waves generated from the (b) Performance-based design codes;
energy caused by the sudden breaking of rocks within the (c) Multiple annual probabilities for the response of
earth or an explosion that moves through and around the spectral accelerations and peak ground accelerations.
earth is known as seismology. Earthquakes occur when two The new structural system and materials are used which
tectonic plates move suddenly against each other. The rocks reduces the seismic risk. The structure designed to
usually break underground and due to this breaking of rocks withstand the effect of earthquakes is referred to as
the earth shakes resulting in an earthquake. Designing of earthquake resistant structure. The main objective of
such buildings which can withstand earthquake is called as earthquake resistant construction of buildings is basically
earthquake resistant designing of the structure and the to make structures that are strong enough to withstand
building thus constructed is known as the earthquake earthquake or any other seismic activity.
resistant structure. The present paper deals with the
advantages and the future trends in earthquake resistant EARTHQUAKE PRONE ZONES IN INDIA
design of the structures.
Generally, the areas having trap rock or basaltic rock are
INTRODUCTION prone to earthquakes. Basically , our country India has
been divided into the following four zones:
The violent vibration caused by the sudden movement of
the tectonic plates in the earth’s crust following the release (a) Zone 5
of tremendous amount of heat is known as earthquake. In
the diagram shown, the two tectonic plates which are in This zone covers the areas with the highest risks that
the earth’s crust moves to and fro because of which an suffers earthquakes of intensity MSK IX or greater.Zone 5
epicenter is created on the surface of earth. At this is associated with the highest level of seismicity.It is
epicenter the intensity of that vibration is the maximum referred to as the Very High Damage Risk Zone. The region
resulting in the release of seismic waves which moves in a of Kashmir, the western and central Himalayas, North and
way of making concentric circles and the intensity of Middle Bihar, the North-East Indian region and the Rann of
vibrations gradually decreases.In spite of great Kutch, the Andaman and Nicobar group islands fall in this
advancement in science and technology, earthquake is one zone.
natural disaster which cannot be predicted
(b) Zone 4
Zone 4 is liable to an intensity of MSK VI to MSK IXIt is

referred to as the High Damage Risk Zone. The Indo-
Gangetic basin and the capital of the country (Delhi),
Jammu and Kashmir fall in Zone 4. In Maharashtra, the
Patan area (Koyananager) and in Bihar the northern part
of the state like- Raksaul, near the border of India and
Nepal, also in zone 4.
(c) Zone 3
This zone is liable to an intensity of MSK VI. The Andaman

and Nicobar Islands, parts of Kashmir, Western Himalayas
The design of earthquake resistant structure is an fallunder this zone. This zone is referred to as Moderate
initiative from where many new developments are Damage Risk Zone
possible in future. The following are some of the
developments which can be made in near future.
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 957
(d) Zone 2 (b) Indirect effects
This region is liable to MSK VI or less and is referred to as These may occur either alone or in combination to add to
the Low Damage Risk Zone. This zone is associated with the damages during an earthquake. The following are
the lowest level of seismicity. some of the seismic effects:
 Tsunamis
 Landslides
 Floods and fires
NEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS
A number of new systems and devices has been developed

using non-conventional
Civil engineering materials broadly for the following two
reasons:
(a) To reduce the earthquake forces acting on a structure

(b) To absorb a part of the seismic energy released during
the movement of the tectonic plates .
The following new techniques are being developed,

evaluated and implemented to make the buildings to
withstand the shaking and vibrations caused by
EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKES earthquake:
The occurrence of earthquakes is unpredictable and they (a)Fixed base system

are characterized by widespread loss of life and damage.
Some of the effects of earthquakes have been depicted by
the following flowchart:
(b)Seismic isolation system
Broadly seismic effects have been divided into two

categories:
(a) Direct effects
 Surface faulting
 Ground shaking
 Liquefaction
 Structural vibration
(c)Energy dissipation system
(d)Active control system
CONCLUSIONS
In the coming years, the field of Earthquake Resistant

Designing of structures is most likely to witness the most
reliable structure which could withstand the effect of
earthquake in all kinds of zones.
REFERENCES
1)Iitk.ac.in
2) Advanced reinforced concrete design, by P,C, Varghese,
Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,2001.
3)http://www.ijraset.com
4)http://geofizika-journal.gfz.hr
5) IAEE Manual

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

TO STUDY THE EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

R.N. College of Engineering (Panipat )

Zone 4 is liable to an intensity of MSK VI to MSK IXIt is

This zone is liable to an intensity of MSK VI. The Andaman

(d) Zone 2 (b) Indirect effects

NEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS

A number of new systems and devices has been developed

(a) To reduce the earthquake forces acting on a structure

The following new techniques are being developed,

The occurrence of earthquakes is unpredictable and they (a)Fixed base system

(b)Seismic isolation system

Broadly seismic effects have been divided into two

(a) Direct effects

(c)Energy dissipation system

(d)Active control system

In the coming years, the field of Earthquake Resistant

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