CBSE

Class 11 Physics
NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Chapter 3
Motion in a straight Line

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

3.23. It is a common observation that rain clouds can be at about a kilometre altitude
above the ground.

(a) If a raindrop falls from such a height freely under gravity, what will be its speed? Also,

calculate in km/h. (g=10m/s2)

(b) A typical raindrop is about 4 mm diameter. Momentum is mass speed in magnitude.

(c) Estimate the time required to flatten the drop.

(d) The rate of change of momentum is a force. Estimate how much force such a drop would
exert on you.

(e) Estimate the order of magnitude force on the umbrella. The typical lateral separation
between two raindrops is 5cm.

(Assume that umbrella is circular and has a diameter of 1 m and cloth is not pierced
through!!)

Main concept used: F=ma,

Eqn. of motion p=mv

Ans. Given h=1km=1000m, g=10 m/s2

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(a) Velocity of rain drop on ground

we know that,

v2=u2-2as

Here s=h(height which is given 1000m but since displacement covered by raindrop is in
downward direction so we will take h as negative)

Here a=g(acceleration due to gravity since acceleration due to gravity acts in downward
direction and displacement is also in downward direction we take g=+ve)

so,

v2=u2-2g(-h)

V2=u2+2gh

V2=02+2 10 1000

V=100 m/s Ans. (i)

V= Km/hr = 510 km/hr

Ans(b) mass of drop(M) = Volume density =

we know the density of water(

So,

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kg ms-1

=4.7 10-3kg ms-1

(c) Time required for a drop of 4 mm diameter spherical drop to be flattened i.e., to reach

upper part of spherical drop on ground i.e., distance (d)=4mm=4 10-3m

Time=

Time(t) =

(d) Force =

(it equivalent to 16 kg, force exerted by drop on ground or man)

(e) Radius of umbrella=

Area of umbrella =

Square area covered by one drop = (5 10-2)2=25

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N=314 drops

Net force on umbrella by 314 drops = 314 168N=52752 N

It is equivalent to 5.275 kg weight which again not possible on the umbrella. The velocity of
drop decreased to terminal velocity due to retarding force of friction of air molecules.

3.24. A motor car moving at a speed of 72km/h cannot come to stop in less than 3.0
second while for a truck this time interval is 5.0 second. On a highway, the car is behind
the truck both moving 72 km/h. The truck gives a signal that it is going to stop at an
emergency. At what distance the car should be from the truck so that it does not bump
onto (collide with) the truck? Human response time is 0.5 s. (Comment: This is to
illustrate why vehicles carry the message on the rear side. “Keep safe distance”).

Ans. For truck u=72 m/s=20m/s

V=0, a=?, t=5sec.

V=u + at

0=20+a 5

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For car t=3 s, u=20m/s, v=0, a=ac

V= u+ at

0=20+ac3

ac=

Let car is distance x metre behind the truck. Car takes time ‘t’ to stop after observing the
signal given by truck to stop.

Time of response for human =0.5 second

Time t includes the time to stop the car and responding time both. So time taken by car to
stop after applying breaks is (t – 0.5) second.

vc=u+act

0= (t – 0.5) …(i)

For truck driver, there is no responding time he applies breaks with passing signal to car
back side, so

v=u +at

0=20 – 4t …(ii)

Equating (i) and (ii) equation.

20-4t=

12t= 20t -10

-20t+12t=-10

-8t = -10

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Distance travelled by car and truck in sec

Car travel first 0.5 sec with speed of uniform but after this responding time 0.5 sec breaks are
applied and then retarding motion starts for car

Sc = 25 – 1.875 = 23.125m

Sc -S = 23.125 – 21.875 = 1.25 m.

So avoid bump onto the truck, the car must be behind at least 1.25 m.

3.25. A monkey climbs up a slippery pole for 3 seconds and subsequently slips for 3
seconds. Its velocity at time ‘t’ is given by 0< t >3 seconds

And for 3 < t >6 seconds in m/sec . It repeats this cycle till it
reaches the height of 20m.

(a) At what time its velocity is maximum?

(b) At what time its average velocity is maximum?

(c) At what time its acceleration is maximum in magnitude?

(d) How many cycles (counting fractions) are required to reach the top?

Ans. (a) For maximum velocity v(t)

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6 - 4t = 0

4t = 6

=1.5 seconds

Ans. (b) For average velocity =

v(t) = 6t – 2t2 ...(i)

Integrating B.S. from 0 to 3 sec

S = 9m …(ii)

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V(t) =6t-2t2 (given 0< t< 3)

3 = 6t – 2t2 vav = 3

2t2–6t +3=0 (a=2, b=-6, c=3)

[Taking +ve] = 2.36 seconds

[Taking -ve] t can not be negative so it is rejected.

Average velocity is maximum at 2.36 sec.

(c) Time for maximum acceleration in periodic motion acceleration is maximum when body
returns at its mean position or changes the direction of motion it at v=0

V(t) = 6t – 2t2

For maximum acceleration v= 0

0 = 6t – 2t2

2t(3 – t)=0

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(d) Distance covered from 0-3 sec

S =9m [from (ii) in (b) part]

For 3 to 6 seconds

V(t) = -(t-3) (6-t)

ds = (t2 – 9t + 18) dt

Integrating both sides from 3 s to 6 s

s2 =

= 72 – 162 + 108 – 9+

=180 – 162 -63 + 40.5 = 18 -22.5

s2 = -4.5m

Since distance is in downward direction

s2=-4.5 m.

So net distance = 9 -4.5 = 4.5 m

Height climb up in three cycle =4.5 3= 13.5m

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Remaining height to climb is 6.5 m but the monkey can climb 9 m up without slip. So in the

4th cycle, it will slip as it reaches the top of the pole.

The net number of cycles to climb 20 m high pole is 4.

3.26. A man is standing on the top of building 100 m high. He throws two balls vertically,
One at t=0 and other after a time interval (less than 2 seconds). The later ball is thrown
at a velocity of half the first. The vertical gap between first and second ball is + 15 m at
t=2 s. The gap is found to remain constant. Calculate the velocity with which balls were
thrown and the exact time interval between their thrown.

Ans. Let the speed of ball 1=u1 = 2u m/s

Then the speed of ball 2 =u2 = u m/s

Let the height covered by ball 1 before coming to rest = h1

Let the height covered by ball 2 before coming to rest = h2

v2 = u2 + 2gh

At top their velocities becomes zero

v2 = 2gh

and

According to question h1 – h2 = 15 m (given)

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For 1st ball;

v1=u1+gt

0 = 20-10t1

For ball 2;

v2 = u2 + gt2

0 = 10 -10t2

Velocities of ball 1 an 2 are 20 m/s and 10 m/s.

Exact time intervals between 2 balls = t1 – t2 = (2 – 1) = 1 second.

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