BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION

SEMESTER 11 / YEAR 2019

CBMS4303

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

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What is Information System?
Whitten et al. (2004, p.12.), stated that "information is a setup of folks, data, process, and
information technology that interact to collect, process, store and still provide as output
the information necessary to support a business," indicating that information product is a
setup of groups, data, processes and technology that act together to build up, process,
store and still provide information output needed to enhance and speed up the operation
of selection. A data system (IS) describes a build up multiple items active in the
dissemination of information. Becta (2005) describes an information system as "a system
consisting of the network of all communication channels used within an organization
Hardware, software, computer connections and knowledge, information system users,
along with the system housing are a part of an IS. You'll find so many forms of human
resources, such as following common types: Operations support systems, including
transaction processing systems, management computer, decision support systems and
Executive computer. A data system commonly refers to significant computer but will also
describe a phone switching or environmental controlling system. The IS involves helpful
shared or processed information, in addition to the people who manage the system. Many
people are considered area of the system because with out them, systems won't operate
correctly. There are several varieties of hours, in line with the need they are designed to
fill. An operations support system, say for example a transaction processing system,
converts business data (financial transactions) into valuable information. Similarly, a
management information system uses database information to output reports, helping
users and businesses decide depending on extracted data. In the decision support system,
data is pulled from various sources then reviewed by managers, who make
determinations based on the compiled data. A specialist information system is designed
for examining business trends, allowing users to quickly access custom strategic
information to conclude form, that is reviewed in more detail.

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Why Maxim University Need To Use And Implement Information System?
Maxim Unviversity need to use and implement Information System as increasing of
Competitive Ability of University. The evaluations criterion of the university activity is
its competitive capacity comparing to universities. This is competitive capacity is moved
through the university pedagogical and academic production, that's stipulated by
graduates, teachers, scientists, academic results, publications, arrangements, assortment,
quality, etc. To be able, the university board(principals) could evaluate university
competitive capacity they must receive there reliable information about university
pedagogical and academic production and just how it is evaluated beyond your
university. Besides, system is needed to improve the university management. Information
system necessitates the systematization of computerized process, the establishment
general parts of processes along with the integration of separate processes. A real system
assists in the university principals to make decisions and increases their reliability, mainly
because it allows to acquire reports of united several processes. Having such described
university processes, before deciding, draught beer decision influence modelling and
correcting appears. Information system is need to be use as decreasing of administration
expenses. Information systems potentials let simplify a number of administration
procedures, and quite often to reject them at all. For example, after the introducing of the
latest scholarships division and the payment order, the servant merely has in order to
create the division of scholarships documents and instructions, to be able information
system would will calculate scholarships and send the calculated results in banks through
communication lines, and it will be done by information system. It releases the
bookkeeping along with other subdivisions from your inputting of infinite documents into
the databases, their controlling, etc., as well as in addition, it lessens the mistake
probability. Effective and precise presentation of data is also benefit of information
system. Information system allows effectively and precisely to make up the confirmed
forms reports for ministries of Finance, Education and science and Department of
Statistics. Information system produces the ability for ministries nevertheless another
institutions to see the processes at university. It improves the transparency and
accountability of which procedures. Spreading correct details about it strengthens the

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prestige of university. That’s why the data system ought to be more open for elements of
the society away from university. The system must be obtainable in Internet.

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Three type of management and their respective function

MIS helps the operational level user wit transaction processing, management control,
operations control MIS provides operational data and information the junior level
managers will use for efficient operational decision making. It assists to at planning,
scheduling and controlling with the operational level. After that it supports decision
analysis in the operational level that enable you to bring an unmanageable situation in
order. For middle management, MIS supplies the middle management using the data and
information required for temporary planning, setting targets and for managing the
business. Whereas for top level management, the most notable-level management
necessitates MIS to have precise and targeted information which helps it with goal setting
tips, strategic planning along with other issues that the most notable manager are required
to do. Three main kinds of human resources serve different organizational levels:
operational-level systems, management-level systems, and strategic-level systems.
Operational-level systems support operational managers by tracking the elementary
activities and transactions with the organization, including sales, receipts, cash deposits,
payroll, credit decisions, and also the flow of materials in a factory. The key function of
systems only at that level is always to answer routine questions and to track the flow of
transactions from the organization. Examples of operational-level systems include a
system to record bank deposits from automatic teller machines or a that tracks the amount
of hours worked each day by employees with a factory floor.

Management-level systems serve the monitoring, controlling, decision-making, and

administrative activities of middle managers. The primary question addressed by such
systems is this: Are things working well? Management-level systems typically provide
periodic reports instead of instant information on operations. An illustration is really a
relocation control system that reports for the total moving, house-hunting, and home
financing costs for employees in all of the company divisions, noting wherever actual
costs exceed budgets. Some management-level systems support non routine selection.
They have a tendency to spotlight less-structured decisions that information requirements

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are certainly not always clear. Scalping systems often answer . Strategies to these
questions frequently require new data from the outside this company, and also data from
inside that can not be easily used by existing operational-level systems.

Strategic-level systems help senior management tackle and address strategic issues and
long-term trends, in the firm and in the external environment. Their principal dilemma is
matching changes in the external environment with existing organizational capability.
What will employment levels be in 5yrs? What are long-term industry cost trends, where
does our firm fit into? What products run out to have to make in five years?

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The Role Of Management Of Information System In Decision Making

An administration information system, or MIS, is really a computerized database that

collates, summarizes and analyzes any kind of information that is useful into a companies
managers. While typically utilized in mention of the financial data, the MIS could also
manage information in all of the other facets of the business operations. This consists of
such disparate areas as human resources, sales, inventory control, social media and other
things the management team needs to learn about the organization. The signature using
MIS is usually to monitor the corporations performance immediately individual managers
can also utilize the information to achieve clues about their very own departments
activities. The MIS may be programmed to automatically produce reports at monthly,
quarterly or any other specified intervals, and can also be accessed to make special
reports when needed. MIS is deemed to be a system which provides organizations top
management and, even lower level management, with appropriate information based on
data from both internal and external sources, to allow them to make effective and timely
decisions that best achieve their organization goals and satisfy stakeholder requirements
(Argyris, 1971, p. 291)

MIS for Marketing and sales

Management human resources to the marketing and advertising functions of a company,

also known as database marketing, compile and analyze details about customers and
prospects. Often, the details are scanned or sourced from customer receipts, loyalty card
transactions or bank card receipts. The information could be aggregated to focus on
buying trends and patterns, identify repeat and top-purchasing customers, and target
product marketing efforts to address relevant segments of the client base. Gaining most of
these insights will help the corporation develop and fine-tune its web marketing strategy,
causing lowered costs and increased sales department effectiveness.

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MIS for Hr Management

Hr information systems handle employee data like basic personnel information,

attendance and hours, performance review ratings, and payroll tracking. As the data
normally include personal information like names, addresses and Social Security
numbers protecting privacy tweaking security are paramount. The HRM database have
access to information for any individual employee, reducing the price tag on keeping
paper records. When aggregated, the system offers trending information for management
feedback in such areas as improving recruiting efforts, administering benefits and and
managing schedules and workflow.

MIS for Accounting and Finances

Management information systems in accounting are designed to store and aggregate

financial data. The resulting analyses are used both internally, by managers and CFOs, for
example, and externally by consultants, regulators, tax agencies yet others. Reports
generated with the accounting MIS include profit-and-loss statements, a / r tracking along
with other fiscal reports. Because these reports enable management yet others to analyze
send out financial health, it can be imperative the data input into to the system be
complete, accurate and secure.

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The Role Of Information System Department

One of the greatest drivers of an successful business is efficiency, and the ability to
automate routine tasks is the best way to increase overall efficiency. Generally, the IT
department accounts for offering the infrastructure for this automation. At a more basic
level, by implementing the governance for the use of network and OS, the IT department
enables the companies employees to talk, collaborate and automate routine tasks, and
usually provide teams with the functionality they must perform their duties. It's important
to note that even though the IT department implements and facilitates the flow of
information, it does not create the policy that defines which facts are correct or available
to others.

Governance means the implementation of operational parameters for working units and
individuals' utilization of IT systems, architecture, and networks. In layman’s terms, they
enact the rules about how your team are able to use the organizations technology and just
what quite a few for. This is part of the traditional IT security and also the data assurance
for which the IT department is additionally responsible. Infrastructure refers back to the
hardware components, the network, the circuitry and all other equipment necessary to
make an IT system function based on the established needs and system "size" with the
company. Functionality is in all likelihood one of the most visible task carried out by the
IT department, and thus what they are most often related to in lots of workers minds. It
describes creating and looking after operational applications developing, securing, and
storing electronic data that is one of the organization and assisting in the usage of
software and data management to all functional regions of the business.

The IT department oversees mobile phone and repair of computer network systems in just
a company. This might simply need just one IT employee, or in the matter of larger
organizations, a crew of individuals working to make sure that the network runs
smoothly. The IT department must evaluate and install the correct hardware and software
important to keep your network functioning properly. Since this involves working in a

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budget allocated to the department for network devices and software, the IT department
need to ensure the equipment it invests in will optimally serves the demands of the
business without exceeding budget.

Networks can be simple or extremely complex based on their size and composition.
Together with staying current on trends within business technology, IT employees may
require college degrees in a computer field to adequately handle the problems that arise in
maintaining this kind of network. Should a network system go down, the repercussions
can be costly not just in the business as well as operations, but outside entities that need
services or products from your company. These outside entities might be affected and
lose faith inside the company's capacity to supply them with what they really want. The
IT department must place a crisis plan set up which can be implemented should the
system go down. It needs to be designed to position the network backup quickly or allow
it transition to an alternate system until the necessary repairs are completed.

Over the maintenance and planning of the network system, the IT department must forge
professional relationships with outside vendors and specialist. This assists the department
employees perform their duties more proficiently along with stay current around the
sophisticated that could be good to the company for which they work. In many cases,
companies see the main role from the IT department as allowing the applications that
provide its core small business. The correct applications allow an enterprise to be
innovative, more lucrative, efficient, and proceed of its competitors Baskerville and
Myers (2002). In many ways, this will make the IT department essential in driving a
small business forward.

The project important to make the applications that could set a small business
independent of the others requires an IT department with programmers, analysts,

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interface designers, database administrators, testers, and other professionals. So many
people are conscious that the IT department accounts for the prosperity of computer
operations and also other information technologies inside a business. However, as many
new forms of electronic communication have grown to be staples with the modern office,
IT departments have already been signing up for a better role in the technical side of
company communication. This includes point to point phone calls, conference calls, and
video and web conferences, along with less direct types of electronic communication like
network drives, email systems, and secure servers.

The IT department must completely understand how these systems work and interact with
one another, and is in charge of making certain scalping strategies remain operational
always. The IT department is at least partially to blame for creating tweaking the
business's website. Even though the content and style in the site could be handled by
another department often IT typically produces the code and works with other
departments to try the site for usability.

The IT department provides a reverse phone lookup for all your users who want
accessibility to company's desktops. This may entail installing new software or hardware,
repairing hardware that has become faulty, training employees in the use of new software,
and troubleshooting issues with the system or with the individual's computer. It's apparent
that doesn't every one of the IT department does is obvious - it generates and maintains
many systems which are unseen or get overlooked by employees, creates emergency
response offers to protect the business from unforeseen problems, and constantly actively
works to enhance the entire company’s power to function wisely.

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Conclusion

The corporation management doesn't invariably recognize the data needed, even though
the information professionals often tend not to comprehend and are sensitive to
management so that you can produce relevant information for the managers they serve.
To reach your goals, an MIS needs to be designed and operated linked to organizations,
management and technical factors. The research encourages the organizations' top
management to participate in in enhancing MIS to make a highly effective contribution to
system design. The info specialists (including systems analysts, designer, ITC personnel,
accountants and operations researchers) should cooperate and turn into more conscious
and ware of managerial functions needs to ensure that more potent MIS is developed.

Finally, the world thinks that to further improve MIS, banks or any business that use MIS
to improve its decision making processes should develop effective communication
channels between management and information professionals. Good communications
then facilitates the work of developing relevant and appropriate human resources. Select
simple checklist to automatically produce the perfect MIS. Organization thus would
remember that what's required is an awareness and knowledge of key principles and
processes in which the design, implementation and operation of MIS are the link between
rational decisions rather than haphazard development without taking into consideration
the real organizational needs. The nature of globalization and competitiveness in the
market stress on the importance of developing an organization capability through better
enhancing MIS. (Newman 2001)

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References
Argyris, C. (1971). Management information systems: the challenge to rationality and
emotionality, Management Science, 17(6), 275-292
Baskerville, R.L. and Myers, M.D., (2002), Information systems as a reference
discipline. MIS Quarterly, 26(1), 1-14.
Becta (2005) School Management Information Systems and Value for Money. Coventry:
Becta. [Online] Available: http://www.egovmonitor.com/reports/rep12009.pdf . Accessed
on 23rd February 2011
Newman, J. (2001). Some observations on the semantics of
"information". Information Systems Frontiers, l3(2), 155-167
Whitten J. L., Bentley L.D. and Dittman K.C. (2004). System Analysis and Design
Methods, edisi ke-6 Mc.Graw-Hillk, New York.

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