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Importance of Lipid

Lipids are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in lower proportions than carbohydrates. There are three main types of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Triglycerides are made up of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids through a condensation reaction that removes a water molecule. Triglycerides can be saturated and solid at room temperature or unsaturated and liquid. Phospholipids contain a phosphate group and are the major components of cell membranes. Steroids have four interconnected carbon rings and a variable length side chain, and include cholesterol and sex hormones. Lipids serve important functions like energy storage, insulation, membrane structure, and transport of fat-sol

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
54 views6 pages

Importance of Lipid

Lipids are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in lower proportions than carbohydrates. There are three main types of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Triglycerides are made up of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids through a condensation reaction that removes a water molecule. Triglycerides can be saturated and solid at room temperature or unsaturated and liquid. Phospholipids contain a phosphate group and are the major components of cell membranes. Steroids have four interconnected carbon rings and a variable length side chain, and include cholesterol and sex hormones. Lipids serve important functions like energy storage, insulation, membrane structure, and transport of fat-sol

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Encik Afiq
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lipid

 Lipid is organic compound that built up from C, H, O but proportion of oxygen is lower than
carbohydrates
 Three types of lipid
1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids
 Lipid are non-polar thus it’s hydrophobic. Lipid is insoluble in water but soluble in organic
solvents such as acetone, alcohol and chloroform.
 Lipis stores anergy efficiently because it yield more energy than carbohydrates due to higher
ratio of C-H bonds (higher portion of C and H than oxygen)

Importance of lipid:
1. Energy storage
2. Heat insulator
3. Protection
4. Fats aid buoyancy because fat is less dense than water
5. Transport fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
6. Phospholipids and cholesterol as a component of cell membranes
7. Cholesterol as a precursor for steroid hormones such as sex hormones

 Lipis is a large molecule but it’s not polymer because it’s not built up from repeating
monomers. Most lipid built up of glycerol and fatty acids
TRIGLYCERIDES

 Made up from 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid


 Each fatty acid join glycerol through condensation process. In each reaction, a water
molecule removed
 Hydroxyl group if glycerol reacts with carboxyl group if fatty acids and will form ester
linkage
 The first reaction yield monoglyceride
 The second reaction yield diglycerides
 The third reaction yield triglycerides
 There are two types of fat:
1. Saturated fat: Triglycerides that exist in solid state at room temperature
2. Unsaturated fat: Triglycerides that exist in liquid state at room temperature
Phospholipids
 Made up of 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group
 Major components of membrane cells
 Phospholipids are amphipathic, has polar and non-polar region
 In water, they assembled into phospholipids bilayer
 Polar phosphate head in contact with surrounding aqueous medium
 Non-polar hydrophobic tail that consists 2 fatty acid point inward
Steroids

 Made up of carbon skeleton with 4 interconnecting ring and functional side chain
 Side chain have variable length
 Present in both animal and plant
 Example
1. Cholesterol (in membrane cells)
2. Sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)

Glycerol
 A chain of 3 carbon atoms
 Each carbon atom bond to hydrogen amd hydroxyl group
Fatty acid
 General formula: R-COOH
 R is hydrocarbons chain. The characteristics of R is non-polar/hydrophobic
 R cause the fatty acid insoluble in water
 R determined fatty acids saturated or unsaturated
Saturated Unsaturated

Hydrocarbons chain no double bond Hydrocarbons chain at least has one


double bond
Solid in room temperature Liquid in room temperature

Example:Stearic acid Example: Oleic Acid

Formation of triglycerides :
Hydrolysis of triglycerides :

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