Math 141 Review for Chapter 4 Test: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Name________ _____________

Show all work algebraically. Answers without adequate work will not receive credit.

1) Explain the differences between linear and exponential functions.

2) Match the graphs with the equations.

y = ln x _________ B
A
y = 2x _________

y = 3x _________

y = (0.4) x _________

y = ex _________

3) Fill in the following table:

Function y-intercept Growth or Growth or decay rate

(0, 20) Decay 6% annual rate

y = 13(1.4) x

y = 17e 0.35 x

(0, 5) Growth 7% continuous rate

a) ln 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 into exponential form:

b) 4𝑥𝑥 = 5 into logarithmic form:

5) Solve the following for x.

a) 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙4 𝑥𝑥 = 3

b) 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 3

c) 2 log 3 ( 2 x − 3) =
4

d) 3(4) x + 2 = 21

e) 4e12 x + 3 = 19
 f) log( x + 48) + log( x) = 2

g) 4(1.7)x = 7(1.08)x

h) 10 − 8𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 6

6) Rewrite as a single logarithm.

b) 3 log( x) − 2 log( x 2 )

7) Use logarithm properties to expand the expression.

𝑎𝑎4 𝑏𝑏7
b) log 3
√𝑐𝑐
8) Granny wants to start a college account for her newborn granddaughter. How much money does she need to
deposit now into an account earning 3% compounded quarterly so it will be worth $20,000 in 18 years?

9) The population, P, of a group of rabbits t years after being released in a new habitat is given by P (t ) = 500 (1.03)
t

a) How many rabbits were initially released?

b) Fill in the blank: The rabbit population is growing by _____% per year

c) How many rabbits will there be in 2 years?

d) When there will be 600 rabbits?

10) Find a formula for an exponential function such that f(1) = 3 and f(-1) = 12
11) Bismuth-214 has a half-life of 20 minutes. What percent of the original amount is left after one hour?

12) In 2003, there were 7225 Starbucks stores. In 2005, there were 10,241 Starbucks stores. If Starbucks continues to
increase exponentially at the same rate find the doubling time.

13) The Island of Niue is currently home to 5000 people, and the population has been growing continuously by 8 %. The
Cook Islands are currently home to 20,000 natives but the native population has been continuously decreasing by
6% each year.
a) Write the equation for the population of the Island of Niue. N(t) = ________________

b) Write the equation for the population of the Cook Islands. C(t) = ________________

c) If these trends continue, during what year will the populations be the same?
14) Suppose the half-life of Kryptonite is 300 years. (give answers to 4 decimal places)
a) What is the annual decay rate?

b) What is the continuous decay rate?

15) What is the inverse of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 5𝑥𝑥 ? Show the steps to arrive at your answer algebraically.

16) Sketch a graph of the function f ( x ) = 2 x − 4 on the axes below. Be sure to clearly plot at least 2 points.
a) State the domain: _______________ and range ________________ in interval notation.
b) Does this graph have a vertical asymptote, horizontal asymptote, or neither? ________________
c) If the graph has an asymptote, write its equation here: _____________________
17) Sketch the graph of the function k ( x ) = 2 x − 4 on the axes below. Be sure to clearly plot at least 2 points.
a) State the domain: _______________ and range ________________ in interval notation.
b) Does this graph have a vertical asymptote, horizontal asymptote, or neither? ________________
c) If the graph has an asymptote, write its equation here: _____________________

18) Sketch the graph of the function f ( x ) = log( x + 4 ) on the axes below. Be sure to clearly plot at least 2 points.
a) State the domain: _______________ and range ________________ in interval notation.
b) Does this graph have a vertical asymptote, horizontal asymptote, or neither? ________________
c) If the graph has an asymptote, write its equation here: _____________________

19) Sketch the graph of the function 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 3 on the axes below. Be sure to clearly plot at least 2 points.
a) State the domain: _______________ and range ________________ in interval notation.
b) Does this graph have a vertical asymptote, horizontal asymptote, or neither? ________________
c) If the graph has an asymptote, write its equation here: _____________________
20) (OPTIONAL: there will be an extra credit question on the test like #20.) Write an equation for the exponentials
graphed below.

a) b)

21) The average cost of a loaf of white bread from 1986 through 2008 is given below.

Year 1986 1988 1990 1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Cost 0.57 0.66 0.70 0.84 0.88 0.99 1.03 0.97 1.14 1.42

a) Determine if a linear or exponential model better fits the data, and explain how you know which one is the best
fit. Be specific (Hint: compare the r values.)

b) Write the best model here:

c) Use the best model to predict the price of a loaf of bread in 2016.