DESIGN DC-DC CONVERTER TOPOLOGY

FULL-BRIDGE 24/400 V 300 W 100KHz WITH ZERO VOLTAGE

SWITCHING PHASE SHIFT PWM METHOD
 Tri Wahono
18/434715/PTK/12278
 Abstract— Increasing the working frequency can increase II. AUTHORITY OF RESEARCH
the converter's power density. However, a high working
frequency will increase losses when switching voltage and
Research on power electronics equipment, part of gate-
current when turning on and off. To overcome this problem, driver is one module that has a very important role in
the study of dc-dc converters is carried out by using the hard determining the quality of work of the converter. In this
switching replacement method to soft switching, using the paper a gate-driver module design is used in a converter that
phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PSPWM) method to works with a DC / AC Voltage Mode Control (VMC)
obtain a zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition. In addition, converter that works with the phase shifted full bridge
the purpose of this study is to design high-frequency (PSFB) method with a voltage mode control (VMC) control
transformers to obtain efficiencies above 80%. technique [6].
Keywords—converter dc-dc, full-bridge, phase shifted PWM, The research has been done [1], to obtain high voltage
zero voltage switching. reinforcement using a non-isolated topology. The proposed
converter uses a boost converter by increasing the voltage of
I. INTRODUCTION 20 Vdc to 400 Vdc. The efficiency and regulation of the
output voltage of the converter depend on the output
The dc-dc converter has a very important role in power impedance, so that for a high efficiency the converter will be
electronics which functions to convert the electrical power in affected.
the same direction from one form to another in the form of
electric power. The application of DC-DC converters is used Research on efficiency is a major concern when working
on renewable energy sources. To support renewable energy at high voltages. Applying closed loop control to develop the
sources the ideal voltage used is 400 Vdc [1]. Application of step-up stage, the step-up stage must be able to increase the
renewable energy sources only produces a low output output voltage from 25Vdc to 400 Vdc. The method used in
voltage so that it requires a tool to increase the voltage. The this study is the switch-mode power converter (SMPC)
voltage that will be increased is 24 Vdc and is able to reach a method [7], [8].
300 W load with efficiency above 80%. Research has been conducted [9], by designing a dc-dc
The technique used to increase voltage is a high high frequency transformer converter using a full bridge
frequency dc-dc boost converter. The frequency of work topology by raising the 12Vdc voltage to 400 Vdc. A high
provided will determine the size of the transformer required. working frequency will add to the power loss on the switch
The higher the working frequency, the smaller the size of the due to the voltage and current intersection during the turn-on
transformer used. Conversely, the smaller the frequency and turn-off process. The method used in this study is phase-
value used, the transformer size becomes large and heavy. shifted pulse width modulation (PSPWM) to obtain a zero
The greater the frequency used, the greater the power density voltage switching (ZVS) condition. The control used to
[2]. The frequency used to get a large power density uses a stabilize the output using the PI control. A converter that has
frequency of 100 KHz. been designed to handle loads up to 70W with an efficiency
of 80% [9].
There are several types of topologies used in high
frequency dc-dc converters. One of them is a full-bridge Research conducted [10], the soft switching method is
topology. A dc-dc converter with a full-bridge topology is the used to control the inverter. The switching component is
best choice to use because it has advantages with high power designed for zero voltage. One of the soft switching methods
of more than 500 W, twice the strength of the half-bridge is sliding the PWM phase. Research conducted using a high
topology and has high efficiency [3]. The main components frequency transformer that is applied to dc-dc converters
of dc-dc converters are inverters, high frequency with a frequency of 25 KHz, and produces an efficiency of
transformers, high frequency rectifiers, and filters. The high more than 80%.
frequency transformer has a smaller size and lighter weight Some of the research that has been done is presented in
compared to conventional transformers in the same power Table 1. The research will be carried out by designing dc-dc
delivery. However, this transformer is only available on the converters using a full-bridge topology by increasing the
market in limited specifications, so it needs to be designed voltage 24 Vdc to 400 Vdc. The method used in this study is
according to needs. to apply soft switching which uses a phase-shifted pulse
The use of high working frequency will increase width modulation (PSPWM) technique or often called phase
converter switching losses. One often used to reduce shift, to obtain a zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition.
switching losses is to use the zero voltage switching (ZVS) This converter is expected to be able to produce 300 W with
method [4], [5]. There are two ZVS methods, one of which is a 100 KHz switching frequency. Expected efficiency can
the ZVS phase shift PWM or often called the PWM phase reach> 80%.
slide. There is a phase difference between pulses on two
diagonal switches, ie the switch will be active when the
voltage value (VDS) on the switch is zero. By using the
PWM phase shift, the number of components is less so it
increases reliability. By using the PWM phase shift control
method, a high working frequency is expected to form a dc-
dc converter with a high efficiency value of more than 80%,
durable, smaller and lighter component size.
 III. THEORETICAL BASIS
N 
The dc-dc converter is used to convert a dc voltage Vout  DxVin x s  (1)
source to a certain level into a dc voltage at different levels. N 
 p 
Some of the main functions of the dc-dc converter include
regulation of the output voltage against changes in load,
reducing the ac voltage ripple at the output dc voltage below
Table 1. Authenticity of research

Author Isolated Non-isolated 24/400 Frequency PID (ZVS) Phase

Vdc 100KHz shift
PWM
[1] - √ - √ - - -

[6] √ - 20/400 Vdc - - √ -

[8] √ - - 50Khz - √ -

[9] √ - 12/400 Vdc 50Khz PI √ √

[10] √ - 311/100 Vdc 25Khz - √ √

proposed √ - √ √ √ √ √

the desired level, and in some topologies converters there is

galvanized isolation to isolate the input and output sides.
There are four basic topologies that are commonly used
in dc-dc converters, namely buck (voltage drop), boost
(voltage booster, buck-boost, and cuk converter. The four
basic topologies of the converters are developed using
isolation transformers to separate the output side and input
side The derivative topologies of these basic topologies
include forward converter, push-pull, half-bridge and full-
bridge [11]. Figure 1. Basic schematics of full-bridge topology dc-dc
In the converter forward topology, the current flowing converters
into the transformer only occurs in one direction so that an �𝑜𝑢� is the output voltage, D is the inverter output duty
inductor is needed to bring the magnetization current to zero cycle, �𝑖� is the input voltage, Ns is the number of secondary
so that the transformer core does not saturate. Then in the side windings and Np is the number of turns of the primary
push-pull topology, the current flowing through each switch side of the transformer.
is equal to half of the input current, but the voltage that must
be held is equal to the input voltage. Conversely, in the half-
A. The working principle of a full-bridge dc-dc converter
bridge topology, the voltage that must be held on each switch
topology
is half the input voltage, but the current flowing is the same
as the input current. So that the converter with all three Converter dc-dc with full-bridge topology, to produce ac
topologies cannot be used for high power applications. The voltages formed from pairs of switches S 1S4 and S2S3 which
basic schematic of dc-dc converters using a full-bridge are alternately active over a period of one period Ts. When
topology is presented in Figure 1. The full-bridge topology the diagonal switch S1 and S4 are active, a positive pulse
dc-dc converter is a development of a buck topology will be formed. Conversely, when the diagonal switch pair
converter with an isolated transformer (transformer-isolated S2 and S3 are active, a negative pulse will be formed. So that
buck converter). The full-bridge converter combines the the ac voltage is formed, then it is passed to the primary side
voltage properties of the half-bridge topology and current of the transformer and will induce the secondary side with a
properties in the push-pull topology. This topology uses four comparison ratio according to the transformer winding. In
electronic switches to switch. The current flowing on each addition, the transformer also functions as an insulator
switch is half of the input current. Likewise, the voltage that between the input side and the output side of the converter.
must be held by each switch is also half the input voltage. So when there is a disturbance on the output side, the input
This topology, the power that can be flowed becomes large. side will not be affected by the interference effect, the
The output voltage in the full-bridge topology dc-dc opposite is also the same [12],[13].
converter is almost the same as in the buck converter. It's just
B. Soft-switching method (zero voltage switching)
that in the full-bridge topology it is necessary to multiply the
transformer transformation ratio as shown in equation (1). There are two types of dc-dc converter operations,
namely constant voltage and constan current. In the constant
voltage operation, the output voltage is set to be stable at a
certain level when a load changes. While at the constant
current operation, the converter output voltage is set so that
the current flowing to the load remains at a certain value. In
general, the two types of operations are controlled by
adjusting the duty cycle [12],[13].
In practice there are several types of switch switching
controls in dc-dc converters including hard-switching
Figure 2. Schematic arrangement of PWM waves with
methods, and soft switching methods. In the hard switching
phase shift method
method, each pair of diagonal switches (S 1S4 and S2S3) is
active simultaneously. So the inverter output duty cycle is
determined by the PWM control switch's duty cycle. With
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