Scribd
Upload
52 views

FM Modulation On Hardware

To generate FM modulated signal using signal generator and observe it on Spectrum Analyzer and Oscilloscope.

Uploaded by

Eysha qureshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

FM Modulation On Hardware

To generate FM modulated signal using signal generator and observe it on Spectrum Analyzer and Oscilloscope.

Uploaded by

Eysha qureshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

FM modulation on Hardware

Objective:

The goal of this lab is to generate and study FM modulation on hardware. FM modulated signal
can be generated on Spectrum Analyzer and Oscilloscope.

Frequency modulation (FM):-


In frequency modulation the instantaneous frequency deviation of the modulated carrier with
respect to the frequency of the unmodulated carrier is directly proportional to the
instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal.

Equipment:
Required equipment for the lab
Qty Equipment

1 Instek Spectrum Analyzer


1 Signal Generator SG-1200.
1 Connector cables
1 Oscilloscope
An external tone modulating signal of 13Khz frequency is used in all tasks.
Task#1

1. Generate an FM modulated wave using the Signal Generator SG-1200. Vary the peak
deviations and observe the modulated signal on an oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer.
2. Use maximum RF output signal gain
3. Measure the amplitude of first 5 side bands. Use a small RBW for better visual results.

Specifications:

 Carrier Frequency: 1MHz


 Message Signal Frequency: 13 kHz

Signal is generated using function generator and Fm modulated wave is generated using
Signal generator.
Modulated Signal in time domain on oscilloscope:
As, It is an Fm modulated wave, so its instantaneous frequency continuously changes it
value

Modulated Signal in frequency domain on spectrum analyzer:

Amplitudes of side bands are shown by markers in dbm. It is a suppressed carrier Fm modulation
in which carrier is suppressed by changing modulation index of modulated wave. Markers are
used to measure accurate amplitude and frequency of signal. There are total 10 markers.
Task#2
1. Generate an FM modulated wave using the Signal Generator SG-1200. Vary the peak
deviations and observe the modulated signal on the spectrum analyzer.
2. Use maximum RF output signal gain.
3. Calculate the modulation index. Measure the modulation index by measuring the
significant side bands. First measure the fm by keeping a small RBW and then increase
the RBW and span sufficiently large to measure the peak frequency deviation.

Specifications:

 Carrier Frequency: 1 MHz


 Message Signal Frequency: 13 kHz (externally fed single tone modulating signal)

Remember to feed the input signal to the Right (R-CH/AF) channel of the stereo inputs.
Modulated Signal in frequency domain on spectrum analyzer:

RBW=3 kHz:
At RBW=30 kHz:
By further increasing the RBW:
RBW=300 kHz:

As, we increase the radio band width, sweep time decreases, we get fast response but
resolution of spectrum analyzer gets poor.

Task#3
Generate an FM modulated wave using the Signal Generator SG-1200. Use a suitable
modulation indices to perform suppressed carrier FM modulation.
1. Now use a modulation index to suppress the first side band
2. Now use a modulation index to suppress the third side band
3. Now use a modulation index to suppress the fifth side band
Give the modulation indices, amplitude values and a picture for each case.

Specifications:

 Carrier Frequency: 10 kHz


 Message Signal Frequency: 13 kHz (externally fed single tone modulating signal)
Remember to feed the input signal to the Right (R-CH/AF) channel of the stereo inputs.

Modulated Signal in frequency domain on spectrum analyzer:

Adjusted modulation index to suppress the first side band shown by marker1

A closer look indicates that first side band shown by marker 1 has been suppressed
modulation index to suppress the third side band shown in figure

After zooming in, it is clearly shown that third side band,next to marker 5 has been
suppressed (carrier is shown by marker 4)
modulation index to suppress the fifth side band shown in figure:

As, we can see that marker no. 8 has been suppressed (fifth side band)
Modulation index is found by the formula

b=fd/fm
Where;
b is the modulation index
fm=frequency of message signal=13khz
fd=frequency deviation
 fd of first side band=10 b=1.19
 fd of second side band=21 b=2.15
 fd of third side band=29 b=3.11

You might also like