International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume: 3 | Issue: 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470

Automated Timer Socket using Arduino

G. Chakra Mahesh Babu, I. Mahesh Veera Bhadrarao, M. Venkata Balaji, Ch. Sai Praveen
Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India

How to cite this paper: G. Chakra ABSTRACT

Mahesh Babu | I. Mahesh Veera A glace view of our idea is designing a new innovative idea which can monitor
Bhadrarao | M. Venkata Balaji | Ch. Sai the flow of power supply to the existing plug sockets. As in India demand for
Praveen "Automated Timer Socket using electricity is increasing day by day, there is a need to implement an idea in order
Arduino" Published in International to meet this problem. So not only synthesizing an method to generate the
Journal of Trend in Scientific Research electricity but also a method to save the electricity. Even though there are smart
and Development house systems basing on home automation, they only disconnect the electrical or
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- electronic devices form the supply but the power supply to the socket in which
6470, Volume-3 | the appliance is plugged in can’t be stopped. The myth about overcharging your
Issue-3, April 2019, phone is a common one. The amount of charge going into your device shouldn't
pp.1374-1377, URL: be an issue as most are smart enough to stop taking a charge once full, just
https://www.ijtsrd.c topping up as needed to stay at 100 per cent. The problems occur when the
om/papers/ijtsrd23 IJTSRD23157 battery overheats, which can cause damage. So.in our paper we are proposing
157.pdf and implementing the automated timer socket using arduino for real time
applications.
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development KEYWORDS: Automation, Arduino, Overcharging, Charge
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under
the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by/4.0)
I. Introduction
Most devices are designed to work in a wide range of still powered by an AC transformer which can pose a fire risk
temperatures, say between 16 to 22 Celsius, but exposing if it were to short out or over heat.
your device to high temperatures regular above 35 degrees
could damage it. Apple for example will temporarily shut II. OVER LOADING
down your device if it gets too hot. The company suggests The problem of over loading is dangerous, and can cause
that "Charging the device in high ambient temperatures can fires – and is therefore extremely harmful to one’s health,
damage it further." Thankfully it's not the same for cold even fatal. Overloading a socket can destroy complete homes
temperatures and batteries are far more suited to dealing and a lifetime’s possessions; causes financial hardship,
with the cold. incurred costs, disrupts lives completely.

III. ELECTRICAL SOCKETS

AC power plugs and sockets allow electric equipment to be
connected to the alternating current (AC) power supply in
buildings and at other sites. Electrical plugs and sockets
differ from one another in voltage and current rating, shape,
size, and connector type. Different standard systems of plugs
and sockets are used around the world. Plugs and sockets for
portable appliances became available in the 1880s, to
replace connections to light sockets with wall-mounted
outlets. A proliferation of types developed for both
Fig 1Problem of Over Charging convenience and protection from electrical injury. Today
there are about 20 types in common use around the world,
Many appliances these days have electronics that are never and many obsolete socket types are found in older buildings.
turned off unless you turn them off at the wall socket. Most Coordination of technical standards has allowed some types
obvious are any appliances that have remote control. Even of plug to be used across large regions to facilitate trade in
though the appliance may not be performing its function it is electrical appliances, and for the convenience of travellers
still powered waiting for a signal from the remote and consumers of imported electrical goods.
control.Even though this is usually a low voltage circuit it is

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23157 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1374
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
3.1 Parts of Electrical Sockets 3.19 Terminal: These connect the LIVE, EARTH and
3.1.1. Terminal screws: NEUTRAL wires to conductors in the FACE PLATE, which
These secure LIVE, EARTH and NEUTRAL within their ultimately transfers the electricity to a plug. They are
TERMINALS. No bare wire should be exposed; if it is, cut it or secured in place by tightening the TERMINAL SCREWS with
fold over the end. a flat-head screwdriver.

3.1.2. Earth: IV. POPULARITY OF AN AUTOMATED TIMER

A safety wire which carries the same electricity as LIVE if SOCKET:
something goes wrong, taking it to the ground. Earth is bare Automation became more popular in present days. This
inside the CABLE and, when fixing, a green and yellow automation is introduced to eradicate the damage of
sheath is slipped over the end. Note how a bridge connects it electrical /electronic devices which are continuously in
to the FACE PLATE screws, for safety. charging mode, when we forgot to switch off the supply to
the device.To overcome this situation automation was came
into existence. To implement this process of automation time
counting based ICs are introduced called as timers.555 timer
was introduced by Signetics in the year 1972.the 555 timer
IC is an integrated circuit(chip)used in a variety of
applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as
an oscillator, and as a flip flop element. Derivatives provide
two(556) 0r four(558)timing circuits in one package. Due to
its lowest price ease of use and stability.it is now made by
many companies in the original bipolar and in low power
CMOS tech. as of 2003, it was estimated that 1 billion unit
were manufactured every year. The 555 is most popular IC
Fig 2 Electrical Socket With Parts ever manufactured.
3.1.3 Neutral: After feeding the socket via LIVE, V. DESIGN OF Automated Socket
electricity passes along neutral to return to the house’s Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package
consumer unit, completing the circuit. Neutral is sheathed in includes 25 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on
blue, but prior to 2004 was black (see LIVE). a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin dual in-line package (DIP-
8). Variants available include the 556 (a DIP-14 combining
3.1.4 Mounting Box, a.k.a. Back Box: Protects the two complete 555s on one chip) and 558 / 559 (both a DIP-
TERMINALS and CABLE, which enters through a hole, 16 combining four reduced-functionality timers on one
usually at the bottom. This flush box is of galvanised steel, chip).The NE555 parts were commercial temperature range,
and can be fitted within hard plaster and plaster – board, but 0 °C to +70 °C, and the SE555 part number designated the
surface-mounted boxes tend to be plastic. They are available military temperature range, −55 °C to +125 °C. These were
in various depths, so if changing a FACE PLATE, measure it available in both high-reliability metal can (T package) and
so you buy a box deep enough. inexpensive epoxy plastic (V package) packages. Thus the
full part numbers were NE555V, NE555T, SE555V, and
3.1.5 Soft Grommet: Available open or ‘blind’ (has no SE555T.
hole, so you can cut one to size) and usually of PVCu or
rubber, this protects the CABLE from the MOUNTING BOX. Low-power CMOS versions of the 555 are also available, such
The CABLE should only just be able to fit through the hole, to as the Intersil ICM7555 and Texas Instruments LMC555,
prevent the spread of fire. TLC555, TLC551. CMOS timers use significantly less power
than bipolar timers, also CMOS timers cause less supply
3.1.6 Cable: A PVCu sheath encases the LIVE, EARTH and noise than bipolar version when the output switches states.
NEUTRAL wires. This is a 2.5mm2 ‘three-core circular The ICM7555 datasheet claims that it usually doesn't require
sheathed cable’. In old circuits, sheaths may be rubber. This a "control" capacitor and in many cases does not require
wiring must be updated by an electrician. a decoupling capacitor across the power supply
pins.However, for good design practices, a decoupling
3.1.7 Live: Electricity flows along this wire from the capacitor should be included, because noise produced by the
consumer unit to the socket, as and when needed. This timer or variation in power supply voltage might interfere
conductor is ‘switched’, so you can stop the flow of with other parts of a circuit or influence its threshold
electricity. The live wire is currently brown in colour, voltages.
although prior to regulations changes in 2004 (to aid the
colour-blind) it was red, so if you are changing a FACE 5.1 Internal Schematic:
PLATE or adding a new socket in an older house, this is what The internal block diagram and schematic of the 555 timer
you will find are highlighted with the same colour across all three
drawings to clarify how the chip is implemented:
3.18 Face Plate: Available in a range of materials and
Green: Between the positive supply voltage VCC and the
designs, the socket’s facia houses the TERMINALS and is ground GND is a voltage divider consisting of three
screwed to the MOUNTING BOX. The LIVE and NEUTRAL identical resistors, which create two reference voltages
connectors are 22mm apart with shutters to prevent the at 1⁄3 VCC and 2⁄3 VCC. The latter is connected to the
insertion of anything other than a plug. "Control Voltage" pin. All three resistors have the same
resistance, 5 kΩ for bipolar timers, 100 kΩ (or higher
resistance values) for CMOS timers. It is a false myth

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23157 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1375
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
that the 555 IC got its name from these three 5 kΩ VIII. Schematic Diagram of developed model:
resistors From the figure shows the Schematic Diagram of the project.

Yellow: The comparator negative input is connected to The supply voltage of 230v is stepped down to 30v by the
the higher-reference voltage divider of 2⁄3 VCC (and transformer. Rectifier gives a voltage of 9v DC. The
"Control" pin), and comparator positive input is equipment in the project works with 9v DC supply, So the
connected to the "Threshold" pin. voltage regulator 7809 is used.

Red: The comparator positive input is connected to the
lower-reference voltage divider of 1⁄3 VCC, and
comparator negative input is connected to the "Trigger"
pin.

Purple: An SR flip-flop stores the state of the timer and is
controlled by the two comparators. The "Reset" pin
overrides the other two inputs, thus the flip-flop (and
therefore the entire timer) can be reset at any time.

Pink: The output of the flip-flop is followed by an output
stage with push-pull (P.P.) output drivers that can load
the "Output" pin with up to 200 mA (varies by device).

Cyan: Also, the output of the flip-flop turns on
a transistor that connects the "Discharge" pin to ground.

Fig 5 Circuit Diagram for Automated Timer Socket

Using Arduino to the Socket

IX. RESULT:
The below figure 6 shows the developed “Automated timer
socket using arduino UNO”. In this the when the project kit is
ON it displays the time to set in hours and minutes by means
by pressing S1 and S2 push buttons respectively which are
fixed below the LCD display . After setting the time in display
then press the S3 button to start the count set of the given
time. The counting of given time is started by arduino UNO.
Fig 3 Logic Diagram of 555 Timer IC

VI. EXISTING SYSTEM:

When the automated system is introduced, the 555 timer is
used for counting the time which is set on the screen to how
much time is taken to disconnect the supply. After
completion of time given in the display the timer gives the
signal to relay. Then the circuit will be open circuited i.e, the
supply to the socket is turned off .In this way the automation
is done to on and off the supply to the socket without using
manual on and off the power supply.

VII. Block Diagram :

The below figure 4 shows the Block Diagram of Automated
Timer Socket Using Arduino

Fig 6 Proto Type Model of Automated Timer Socket

Using Arduino

When the time count reaches zero automatically the power

supply to the socket is disconnected by the relay. The
instruction is given from arduino UNO to relay. This help to
power off the supply automatically when we forget to switch
off the supply when we keep the mobile or laptops in
charging. This can prevent the damage of batteries or device.

Fig 4 Block Diagram of Automated Timer Socket Using

Arduino

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23157 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1376
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
XII. Acknowledgment
We express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to
Dr. K. SATYANARAYANA, Vice Principal, Professor and
H.O.D. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, for
having shown keen interest at every stage of development of
our project work and for guiding us in every aspect.

References
[1] "Adruino UNO for beginners - Projects, Programming
and Parts". makerspaces.com. Retrieved 4
February 2018. Mohammad Arif Hossain, Md. Nazmul
Fig 7 LCD Display Output of the Project with Mobile Hasan , Modern Home Automation System Based On
Charging AVR Microcontroller, International Journal of Scientific
Fig 7 shows the important feature of setting the timer count & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-
and the counting starts . And the mobile connected to the 2014 1864 ISSN 2229-5518.
socket is charging perfectly. [2] Mustafa Saad, Hossam Abdoalgader, and Muammer
Mohamed, Automatic Fan Speed Control System Using
X. CONCLUSION: Microcontroller, 6th Int'l Conference on Electrical,
Now-a-days the mobile phones or any charging devices Electronics & Civil Engineering (ICEECE'2014) Nov. 27-
getting damage due to forget to switch off the supply after 28, 2014 Cape Town (South Africa)
the mobile are fully charged. So by this project idea we can
disconnect the power supply to the socket after fully [3] Himani Goyal,Understanding of IC555 Timer and IC
charging of a device. By this the charging devices and mainly 555 Timer Tester,International Journal of Inventive
mobile phone are become to safe and become more durable Engineering and Sciences (IJIES) ISSN: 2319–9598,
for long time. Volume-3 Issue-2, January 2015
[4] NE 555 timer datasheet,xx555 Precision Timers, texas
XI. FUTURE SCOPE: instruments, SLFS022I –SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED
We can extend this project by connecting any type of sensors SEPTEMBER 2014.
like temperature sensor or light sensor we can operate the
fans and lights for particular time period based on the [5] Robert F. Coughlin, Fredrick F.Driscoll,operational
surroundings temperature and light brightness. amplifiers and linear integrated circuits(Prentice-
Hallelectronics,2014).

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23157 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1377