TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS iii 3.6 WHAT DO INDEPENDENT REVIEWS OF

STRUCTURAL DESIGN INCLUDE 7
1.0 DEFINITIONS 1
3.7 HOW DOES CHECKING COMPARE

2.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 2 TO AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW 8

3.8 WHAT DOCUMENTS ARE REQUIRED FOR

3.0 GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICE 5
AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW 8

3.1 WHAT IS INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF 3.9 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT
STRUCTURAL DESIGN 5 AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW OCCURS 9

3.2 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF INDEPENDENT 3.10 WHO IS QUALIFIED TO CARRY OUT AN
REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN 5 INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF A STRUCTURAL

3.3 WHAT EXTENT OF INDEPENDENT REVIEW DESIGN 9

IS REQUIRED 5 3.11 HOW SHOULD ISSUES IDENTIFIED IN AN

3.4 WHAT SHOULD BE INDEPENDENTLY INDEPENDENT REVIEW BE ADDRESSED 10

REVIEWED 6 3.12 WHAT RECORDS OF AN INDEPENDENT

3.4.1 General 6 REVIEW SHOULD BE CREATED AND

RETAINED 10
3.4.2 Structures Not Requiring
Independent Review 6 4.0 REFERENCES AND RELATED DOCUMENTS 11

3.4.3 Structures Requiring Periodic

5.0 APPENDIX 13
Independent Review 6

3.5 WHEN SHOULD INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OCCUR 7

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Checklist and Signoff for an
Independent Review A-1

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 ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION TERM

BC British Columbia

CWC Canadian Wood Council

QM Quality Management

Struct.Eng. Designated Structural Engineer

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 1.0 DEFINITIONS

The following definitions are specific to this Quality Management (QM) guideline.

TERM DEFINITION

Act Engineers and Geoscientists Act [RSBC 1996] Chapter 116.

Bylaws The Bylaws of Engineers and Geoscientists BC made under the Act.

Engineering/Geoscience Professional(s) Professional engineers, professional geoscientists, and licensees who

are licensed to practice by Engineers and Geoscientists BC.

Engineering Professional(s) Professional engineers, including licensees who are licensed to practice
by Engineers and Geoscientists BC.

Engineers and Geoscientists BC The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the
Province of British Columbia, also operating as Engineers and
Geoscientists BC.

Independent Review A documented evaluation of the structural design concept, details, and
documentation based on a qualitative examination of the substantially
complete structural design documents, before the documents are issued
for construction, by an experienced Engineering Professional who has
not been involved in preparing the design. Prior to December 2010,
Bylaw 14(b) referred to Independent Review as "concept review."

Independent Reviewer The Engineering Professional who completes the Independent Review.

Organization Any firm, corporation, partnership, government agency, sole proprietor,

or other type of legal entity that employs Engineering/Geoscience
Professionals and provides products and/or services requiring the
application of professional engineering and/or professional geoscience.

Professional of Record The Engineering Professional or licensee with the lowest level of direct
professional responsibility for the structural engineering work and any
related engineering documents produced, and whose seal appears on the
documents. A test of “direct professional responsibility” is the ability of
that Engineering Professional to alter or revise the engineering content
in the master documents.

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 2.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.1 Bylaw 14 states:

“(b) Members and licensees shall establish and maintain documented quality management
processes for their practices, which shall include, as a minimum:

(4) documented independent review of structural designs prior to construction by

members or licensees having appropriate experience in designing structures of a
similar type and scale, and not involved in preparing the design. The reviewer shall
examine representative samples of the structural assumptions, continuity of gravity
and lateral load paths, stability and detailing. Where appropriate, the reviewer shall
perform numerical calculations on a sample of gravity and lateral force resisting
elements necessary to satisfy any reviewer concerns. The extent of the review shall
be determined by the reviewer based on the progressive findings of the review. This
review and any follow up action must be completed before the documents are issued
for construction.

The independent review of structural designs shall evaluate the construction

documents to determine if the structural systems appear complete, consistent, and
in general compliance with applicable codes. The structural review may be part of,
but is not intended to replace, the regular checks required in 14(b)(2).

Independent review of each instance of repetitive designs of individual structural

components is not required, but documented initial independent review and
independent review at intervals is required to confirm the maintenance of
design quality.”

2.2 Proper and appropriate Independent 2.3 Engineering Professionals carrying out
Reviews of structural designs are structural design must meet the requirement
fundamental to upholding the Engineers of Bylaw 14(b)(4) by having Independent
and Geoscientists BC Code of Ethics, which Reviews of any structural designs they
requires that all Engineering/Geoscience prepare carried out by another qualified
Professionals hold paramount the safety, Engineering Professional, before the
health and welfare of the public, the documents are issued for construction.
protection of the environment and promote This QM guideline is intended to assist
health and safety within the workplace. Engineering Professionals in establishing

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 and maintaining Independent Reviews 2.5 A “documented QM process” is one that has
that meet Bylaw 14(b)(4) by addressing been carefully thought out and reduced to
the following: writing in suitable form. The process may
be captured in a written procedure, process
· What is an Independent Review of
flowchart, checklists, forms to record
structural design
Independent Reviews, or other
· Purpose of an Independent Review documentation developed to suit the
· Extent of Independent Review required nature of the work undertaken by
· What should be Independently Reviewed Engineering Professionals.

· When an Independent Reviews should 2.6 These obligations apply to Engineering

occur Professionals acting in their professional

· What an Independent Review includes capacities in all sectors where structural

design is being carried out, when their
· Checking compared to an Independent
work applies to or is used in any of the
Review
following circumstances:
· Documents required for an Independent
· Ongoing engineering and geoscience
Review
work
· Who is responsible for ensuring that an
· Projects with a defined start and finish
Independent Review occurs
· Who is qualified to carry out an · Products and services requiring
structural design
Independent Review
· Permanent or temporary structures
· How are issues identified in an
Independent Review addressed including those related to construction
· Independently supported structures
· Records that are required to be kept
designed in BC such as retaining walls,
following an Independent Review
large signage, and support towers
2.4 To comply with the Bylaws, Engineering
· Construction carried out by others
Professionals must have established, or
have access to, a documented QM process · Construction being carried out by the

that includes having their structural designs Engineering Professional’s Organization’s

independently reviewed by another qualified own forces

Engineering Professional before the · Structural design carried out for use
documents are issued for construction. internally by the Engineering
Professional’s Organization

· Structural design carried out for others

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2.7 Terminology used across sectors may vary 2.8 This QM guideline must be read in
from terminology used in this QM guideline. conjunction with the other requirements of
However, the intent and obligations of Bylaw 14(b) and the Engineers and
Engineering Professionals in all sectors Geoscientists BC Quality Management
remain the same. Sectors may include but Guidelines – Documented Checks of
are not limited to the following: Engineering and Geoscience Work
(Engineers and Geoscientists BC 2018a).
· Aerospace

· Construction 2.9 This QM guideline is a minimum standard for

Engineering Professionals. Failure to meet
· Consulting
the intent of this QM guideline may be
· Education evidence of unprofessional conduct and may
· Government give rise to disciplinary proceedings by

· Healthcare Engineers and Geoscientists BC.

· High technology

· Light and heavy industry

· Manufacturing
· Marine engineering and naval
architecture

· Natural resources

· Operations

· Research and development

· Utilities

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 3.0 GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICE

3.1 WHAT IS INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF As a result, an Independent Review of

the structural design is required. The
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Independent Review process is intended to

3.1.1 An Independent Review is a documented produce a professional assessment of the

evaluation of the structural design concept, adequacy of the structural design approach,

details, and documentation based on a its execution, and the documentation. It

qualitative examination of the substantially evaluates the construction documents to

complete structural design documents determine whether the structural systems

before the documents are issued for appear complete, consistent, and in general

construction by an experienced Engineering compliance with relevant code and design

Professional who has not been involved in requirements. The Independent Review may

preparing the design. Engineers and be part of, but is not intended to replace, the

Geoscientists BC previously referred to regular checks of engineering and

Independent Review as "concept review." geoscience work required by the Bylaws.

3.1.2 Independent Reviews are not the same as 3.3 WHAT EXTENT OF INDEPENDENT
checks of engineering and geoscience work.
REVIEW IS REQUIRED
For information about checking, refer to the
Engineers and Geoscientists BC Quality
3.3.1 The extent and level of detail examined in an
Management Guidelines – Documented Independent Review will vary, depending on
Checks of Engineering and Geoscience Work the experience of the Independent Reviewer
(Engineers and Geoscientists BC 2018a). and the complexity and risk associated with
the project. Questions to be considered
3.2 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF when determining the extent of the
INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF Independent Review:
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
· What are the consequences of errors or
incompleteness in the engineering work?
3.2.1 Engineering Professionals who undertake
structural design have a professional · How complex is the design and the
responsibility to complete their assignments product of the design?
so as to minimize risk to the public and the · Is the engineering innovative or does it
environment. Bylaw 14(b)(4) recognizes the incorporate departures from the previous
fact that virtually all structural designs, by practice?
their nature, present some risk to the public.

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3.3.2 The Independent Reviewer must be satisfied The Canadian Wood Council (CWC)
that he or she has examined the design in Engineering Guide for Wood Frame
sufficient detail to make an informed Construction (CWC 2014), an Independent
judgment as to the adequacy of the design Review of the design is not required. Where
for its intended purpose. The Independent the CWC lateral resistance evaluation
Reviewer is required to re-evaluate and indicates that a structural design conforming
extend the review when his or her evaluation to Part 4 is required, an Independent Review
suggests there might be problems with is required.
the design.
3.4.2.2 Members designing Part 9 residential
structures should follow the Engineers and
3.4 WHAT SHOULD BE INDEPENDENTLY
Geoscientists BC Guidelines for Professional
REVIEWED Structural Engineering Services for Part 9
Buildings in British Columbia (Engineers
3.4.1 GENERAL and Geoscientists BC 2014) and this
QM guideline. A documented check of all
3.4.1.1 Except for conventional one- or two-family
engineering work, including Part 9 buildings,
homes that fall under the prescriptive
is required. Refer to Engineers and
requirements of Part 9 of the British
Geoscientists BC Quality Management
Columbia Building Code, the Vancouver
Guidelines – Documented Checks of
Building Bylaw, or the National Building
Engineering and Geoscience Work
Code, all structural designs prepared in BC
(Engineers and Geoscientists BC 2018a).
in any sector must undergo an Independent
Review that complies with the intent of the
3.4.3 STRUCTURES REQUIRING PERIODIC
Bylaw before the documents are issued
INDEPENDENT REVIEW
for construction.
3.4.3.1 Repetitive Design
3.4.2 STRUCTURES NOT REQUIRING
INDEPENDENT REVIEW The Bylaw exempts “each instance of
repetitive designs of individual structural
3.4.2.1 Many conventional, wood-frame, one- and components” from Independent Review.
two-family dwellings fall entirely within the However, to confirm the maintenance of
prescriptive requirements of Part 9 of the design quality, the Bylaw requires an
British Columbia Building Code, the “initial” Independent Review of a typical
Vancouver Building Bylaw, or the National component design with Independent
Building Code and do not require a Reviews at “intervals.”
structural design to Part 4. Where the
structural design of a one- or two-family
dwelling is based on Part 9, and includes a
design for lateral resistance, which conforms
to the prescriptive requirements in

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3.4.3.2 Manufactured Structural Components 3.6 WHAT DO INDEPENDENT REVIEWS
Many projects incorporate structural OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN INCLUDE
components that are designed by Engineering
Professionals retained by the component 3.6.1 The steps for Independent Review of a

manufacturer or contractor (e.g., open web structural design include but are not limited

steel joists, pre-cast concrete beams, wood to the following:

trusses). Periodic Independent Reviews of 1. Review the design criteria, loads

these structural component designs are (including loads imposed by
required. The Professional of Record for the components designed by other
primary structural system for a structure is disciplines and loads from adjacent
not responsible for ensuring Independent structures), and performance
Reviews are carried out on all individual requirements.
structural components designed by others
2. Review geotechnical requirements and
and incorporated into the primary structural
material properties.
system. However, the Professional of Record
for the primary structural system for a 3. Review the concept and integrity of
structure is responsible for confirming that the gravity and lateral load resisting
the components are in general conformance system.
with the design concept and general
4. Review the continuity of load paths for
arrangement of the primary structural system.
both gravity and lateral loads.

3.5 WHEN SHOULD INDEPENDENT 5. Review the structural plans and

REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL supporting documents to determine

whether they are sufficient to identify
DESIGN OCCUR
the essential components of the

3.5.1 To avoid surprises, Independent Reviews structural system, and provide

may be performed in stages as portions of sufficient information to guide the

a design are completed. However, the final construction of the structure.

Independent Review must be completed 6. Where appropriate, perform design

after checking and before the documents are calculations on a representative sample
issued for construction. Construction must of structural elements to determine
not proceed on any portion of the structure whether the analysis, design, and
until an Independent Review of that portion detailing generally comply with the
has been completed. The Professional of appropriate codes and standards.
Record should consider having the
7. Discuss any concerns with the
Independent Review of the concept and
Professional of Record. It is the
approach before starting the detailed design,
responsibility of the Professional of
to minimize possible rework.

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 Record to adequately resolve concerns 3.7.3 The extent of numerical checking and
noted in the Independent Review. level of detail examined in an Independent
Review will vary depending on the
8. Provide a formal record of the
experience of the Independent Reviewer,
Independent Review to the Professional
the complexity and risk associated with
of Record highlighting any concerns
a given structure, and the extent of
(see Appendix A: Checklist and
concerns that develop as the Independent
Signoff for an Independent Review).
Review proceeds.
If significant concerns are noted, the
Professional of Record must revise
the structural design and resubmit the
3.8 WHAT DOCUMENTS ARE REQUIRED
revised structural design for an FOR AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW
Independent Review, preferably by
3.8.1 Independent Reviews may occur in stages
the same Independent Reviewer.
as portions of the design are completed.
However, the final Independent Review
3.7 HOW DOES CHECKING COMPARE
should be based on the substantially
TO AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW complete construction documents that
are to be issued for construction.
3.7.1 Structural design checks do not generally
satisfy the requirements of an Independent 3.8.2 The Professional of Record must provide
Review. A design check identifies the following documents to the
deficiencies, but may be limited to the Independent Reviewer:
evaluation of individual components by
· Structural plans and supporting
different individuals, some of whom may
documents, plus plans and supporting
have been involved in the detailed design
documents of other disciplines that may
of other portions of the project. Conversely,
be necessary to review the structural
an Independent Review does not satisfy
design, or that the reviewer requests.
the requirements of a structural design
· Structural specifications, plus
check as it does not include detailed
specifications of other disciplines that
evaluation of all components.
may be necessary to review the structure,
3.7.2 While checking and Independent Review or that the reviewer requests.
are distinct activities, if an Engineering
· All geotechnical reports and any
Professional is suitably experienced and
follow-up documentation between the
independent, he or she could complete both
Professional of Record and the
processes, that is, completing a design
geotechnical engineer.
check and an Independent Review.

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 · If it is not incorporated in the drawings 3.9 WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
and specifications, a summary sheet ENSURING THAT AN INDEPENDENT
documenting:
REVIEW OCCURS
- the structural system and design
approach in sufficient detail to 3.9.1 The Professional of Record must ensure that
identify the lateral and vertical load an Independent Review of structural designs
resisting systems, including any is completed before the final documents are
special or unconventional aspects; issued for construction. The Independent

- site-specific design data, including Reviewer's responsibility is limited to

climatic and seismic criteria; completing the Independent Review in

accordance with this QM guideline.
- project-specific design data such as
Independent Reviews of structural designs
seismic parameters, soil-bearing
do not relieve the Professional of Record of
capacity, lateral soil pressure, and
his or her professional responsibility for the
pile capacity;
structural design.
- the design loads from use and
occupancy, snow, rain, wind, 3.10 WHO IS QUALIFIED TO CARRY OUT
superimposed dead loads, AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF A
mechanical and electrical equipment,
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
and architectural features such as
cladding, window-washing 3.10.1 The Independent Reviewer must be an
equipment, and landscaping; and Engineering Professional with appropriate
- any special loading conditions or experience with the type of structure being
performance criteria. reviewed. The level of experience required
for a specific structure will depend on the
· Structural design notes and calculations
risk and complexity of the structure. The
when requested by the Independent
Independent Reviewer's experience must be
Reviewer.
sufficient to critique concepts and identify
deficiencies in structures with complexity
equal or greater than the structure being
reviewed. Experienced Engineering
Professionals in the commercial building
sector suggest that a minimum of six years
of experience with a particular structural
system would be appropriate for most
projects in that field.

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3.10.2 The Independent Reviewer must be suitably 3.12 WHAT RECORDS OF AN
experienced, but is not required to be INDEPENDENT REVIEW SHOULD
registered as a Struct.Eng.
BE CREATED AND RETAINED
3.10.3 The requirement for independence is
intended to provide an unbiased review, 3.12.1 The Independent Reviewer must document
which critically evaluates the design concept the results of his or her Independent Review,
and approach selected by the Professional and confirm that the results have been
of Record. conveyed to the Professional of Record. The
Independent Reviewer must retain his or her
3.10.4 To maintain independence, the Independent
calculations, check prints, and records of
Reviewer must not have been involved in
communications concerning the
preparing the structural design. The
Independent Review. Refer to Appendix A:
Independent Reviewer may, however, be a
Checklist and Signoff for an Independent
member of the same Organization.
Review for an example of a suitable record
3.10.5 Although checking and Independent Review and signoff.
are distinct processes, if an individual is
3.12.2 The Professional of Record is required to
suitably experienced and independent, the
keep a record of the actions taken or not
two processes can be completed by the
taken as a result of the Independent Review.
same individual.

3.11 HOW SHOULD ISSUES IDENTIFIED

IN AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW
BE ADDRESSED

3.11.1 The Independent Reviewer is required to

communicate issues found during the
Independent Review to the Professional of
Record. The Professional of Record is
required to document which actions were
taken or not taken as a result of the
Independent Review and the rationale for
his or her decisions.

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 4.0 REFERENCES AND
RELATED DOCUMENTS

Engineers and Geoscientists Act [RSBC 1996], Chapter 116.

BC Office of Housing and Construction Standards. 2012. BC Building Code. [accessed: 2018 Jan 2].
http://www.bccodes.ca/.

Canadian Wood Council (CWC). 2014. Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction. 2014 edition. Ottawa, ON,
Canada: CWC.

Engineers and Geoscientists BC. 2018a. Documented Checks of Engineering and Geoscience Work. Version 1.3.
Burnaby, BC, Canada: Engineers and Geoscientists BC. [accessed: 2018 Jan 2]. https://www.egbc.ca/Practice-
Resources/Quality-Management-Guidelines.

Engineers and Geoscientists BC. 2018b. Retention of Project Documentation. Version 1.3. Burnaby, BC, Canada:
Engineers and Geoscientists BC. [accessed: 2018 Jan 2]. https://www.egbc.ca/Practice-Resources/Quality-
Management-Guidelines.

Engineers and Geoscientists BC. 2014. Guidelines for Professional Structural Engineering Services for Part 9
Buildings in British Columbia. Version 3.0. Burnaby, BC, Canada: Engineers and Geoscientists BC. [accessed: 2018
Jan 2]. https://www.egbc.ca/Practice-Resources/Professional-Practice-Guidelines.

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 5.0 APPENDIX

Appendix A: Checklist and Signoff for an Independent Review

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 CHECKLIST AND SIGNOFF FOR AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW

[Print clearly and legibly]

PROFESSIONAL OF RECORD

RE:
Name of project or work P.Eng. or Licensee name

Address of project or work Firm name

Legal description of project or work Address

ITEM REVIEWED REMARKS

INITIALS

1. Design code loadings and serviceability limits

2. Material specifications and geotechnical recommendations

3. Concept and integrity of the gravity load resisting system

4. Concept and integrity of the lateral load resisting system

(e.g., wind, seismic)

5. Drawing completeness and continuity of load paths

6. Design check of representative structural elements

7. Review of representative structural details

8. Concerns discussed with the Professional of Record

INDEPENDENT REVIEWER

P.Eng. or Licensee name

Firm name

Address

Date: (yy/mm/dd) Signature

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 CHECKLIST AND SIGNOFF FOR AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW
[Print clearly and legibly]

TO: PROFESSIONAL OF RECORD DATE:

P.Eng. or Licensee name

Firm name

Address

RE: Project name

Address of project

Legal description of project

The undersigned hereby records that an Independent Review of the project or work, based on the attached list of the
structural plans and supporting documents prepared by the Professional of Record for the structural components, has
been completed by this Independent Reviewer.

I certify that I am an Engineering Professional as defined below.

DATE:

Name

Signed

Address

(Affix PROFESSIONAL SEAL here)

Telephone

(If the Independent Reviewer is a member of a firm, complete the following.)

I am a member of the firm ________________________________________________________________________

and I sign this letter on behalf of the firm. (Name of firm)

NOTE:
1. The above letter must be signed by an Engineering Professional (professional engineers, licensees, including limited licensees,
licensed to practice by Engineers and Geoscientists BC) qualified to conduct an Independent Review on the structural design
being reviewed.
2. This letter is endorsed by Engineers and Geoscientists BC.

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