Research Proposal
Research Proposal
Research Proposal
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Pranathi Charasala
Independent Research I GT
20182019
Title: Quotas in India: The Benefits of Affirmative Action for Dalits.
Introduction and Overview of Research:
Dalits are class of people which are defined as the outcastes of society. For centuries Dalits have been
discriminated against for their lowest social status, which is outlined by the Hindu caste system. Dalits also go
by the name of untouchables, for it was a sin to clash with them in any way. In the past few years crimes against
Dalits have been increasing instead of decreasing. Affirmative action is a set of policies designed to help
historically disadvantaged people, like Dalits, to progress in society. In India, the use of quotas is used to help
get more Dalits into college and obtain jobs, but this practice is very controversial among the citizens. Through
researching the benefits and drawbacks of affirmative action, it is possible to conclude whether or not it is
effective in lowering the Dalit poverty rate and increase their participation in the workforce. By looking at data
collected on the efficiency of the workplace, Dalits’ academic success, and if they feel safe from discrimination,
it is possible to conclude if affirmative action is needed until castebased hate crimes and discrimination in the
college and job application process can decrease.
Background and Rationale
The castesystem outlines four major castes that describes roles in society: at the top are the Brahmins,
then the Kshatriyas, the Vaisyas, and at the bottom are the Sudras, but not attached to the pyramid is the Dalit
caste. The Brahmins are the priests, the Kshatriyas are the kings and rulers, the Vaisyas are the merchants, and
the Sudras are the farmers and unskilled workers, and the Dalits were tasked with sweeping the streets and
cleaning up human and animal waste. There was never the ability to escape one’s caste. Individuals were born
into, worked, married, and died within their caste, and one’s last name could identify from which they came
from. Those of the same caste lived together in separate towns and villages. They did not share the same water
and did not accept food from a lower caste than themselves (BBC CITATION). Caste was once a part of the
lives of every Hindu, from their religious as well as their social lives.
There are many stories in which Dalits have been beaten and killed for protesting the caste
system, and according to crime statics violence against Dalits have been rising in the past years (NY
CITATION). Although more Dalits have been gaining seats in bureaucratic departments and in parliament, but
many uppercaste Hindus see this as a threat to the past social hierarchy. One factor that is helping Dalits to
climb out of poverty and into more positions of power is affirmative action, including job quotas and
reservation in the college application process (BLOGS CITATION).
India’s reservation policies, the practice of saving seats in institutions, is one of the largest in the world,
from establishing quotas in universities to seats in parliament and government jobs, but it is widely criticized.
Many people claim that affirmative action will threaten the quality of work done by government facilities. Since
50% of government jobs can be reserved for Dalits, people fear that they may not do their jobs properly due to
the quality of their education. This study examines whether or not these presumptions are true, and if
affirmative action is helping more Dalits obtain an education, jobs, and feel safer from discrimination and
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crime. As job quotas become an increasingly controversial topic, the conversation of whether the Indian
government should remove affirmative action, potentially threatening Dalits’ access to education and jobs.
Research Methodology:
Research Question:
Does affirmative action, in the form of reservation in India, maintain the effectiveness of the workforce,
including decreasing discrimination?
Research Thesis:
Affirmative action allows more lowcaste and mostly more Dalits attend higher education institutions
that they otherwise would not have access to, through the practice of using quotas. Educating more Dalits will
lead to a larger educated population, which will not decrease the effectiveness of the workplace, but will result
in increased claims of discrimination due to tensions between upper, and lowcaste citizens.
Research Design Model:
Are affirmative action policies resulting in the betterment of Dalits in aspect to their education level, and
professional careers, therefore helping to end discrimination they face from Uppercaste members? To answer
this question, quantitatively analyzing the data, through descriptive research, from schools was the proper
choice to discover the effect of affirmative action has on the educational level and the grade point average
(GPA) of Dalit students compared to their peers. Although by using some survey data on the effectiveness and
discrimination of a workplace is qualitative, the majority of data comes from a quantitative research design
through the form of surveys.
Data Collection:
The collection of data collected by other sources was the most effective way to obtain quantitative and
qualitative on the effects of affirmative action on Dalits success academically, in the workforce, and if
discrimination is still prevalent in the workforce and at school. Data from sources that interviewed and
compiled surveys from government workers and students at universities were used, as well as GPA.
Crimes against untouchables have recently been on the rise. As these hate crimes have been increasing,
many people have expressed their opposition to affirmative action quotas in educational institutions and
government jobs. According to data collected from these studies, reservation and quotas has been increasing the
per capita spending of Dalits and their employment, but there are also many disadvantages to affirmative action,
such as discrimination on the basis that there was no merit for an Dalits to have obtained the job he or she
earned. But, these studies also express the importance of how without affirmative action, SC members would
access to poor educational and work institutions, if any at all. If quotas were abolished, much like in the U.S,
there is a possibility that the improvements of Dalits in soughtafter professional career, like in finance, might
halt because of the significant advantages Uppercaste members have in society. This research helps to detect
whether or not affirmative action is working by only looking at academic and career success, though, it also
provides data on whether or not it is helping to decrease discrimination and feelings of uncomfort in the
workforce. The research helps to clarify that when determining the effectiveness of affirmative action policies,
one must not only look at a minority’s success in society, but also if society as a whole is being benefited.
Product Objectives:
After the study, a seminar will be prepared to share with policy advisors in India and with prominent
influencers in the Dalit community. The presentation will include an indepth look into the benefits of India’s
unique affirmative action policies and persuade policy advisors to fight to keep it and leaders in the community
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to insist on furthering Dalits’ education. Those from the Dalit community should be one of the primary
audiences because they should have a clear source of information.
Establishing an electric medium, such as a website, will also be helpful to reach more people with the
presentation. It is important to reach out, on a public platform, to India’s diverse population, from uppercaste to
lowercaste citizens in order to educate them about castebased hate crimes.
Logistical Considerations:
A few resources will be needed in order to reach out and contact other researchers who are conducting
research on similar topics, such as universities in India. In order to reach a large population, such as the Dalit
community, some monetary costs will be needed to reach a group of people that is largely living in poverty,
most likely through social media outlets. This might make distribution and awareness of the product more
difficult and might need some money to fuel. Permission will be needed in order to share the product to India’s
policy advisors and government officials.
A timeline will be added that outlines the data collection, product development, and audience
distribution.
Approval:
References:
BBC. (2017, July 20). “What is India's caste system?”
Biswas, S. (2019, January 10). “Is affirmative action in India becoming a gimmick?”
Gettleman, J., & Raj, S. (2018, November 17). “'Tell Everyone We Scalped You!' How Caste Still Rules in
India.”
Ramaiah A. (2016, May 17). “Growing crimes against Dalits in India despite special laws.”