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    Lec 6 Extrusion Metal Working

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    Sidra Saeed
    Extrusion is a metalworking process where a billet is forced through a die to reduce its cross-section. It can be done hot or cold. Hot extrusion requires lower forces but provides better ductility, while cold extrusion improves some mechanical properties but requires higher forces. The document then provides examples of extrusion processes and formulas to calculate factors like extrusion ratio, strain, pressure, and force based on given parameters like billet dimensions, die angle, material properties, and equations.

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    Lec 6 Extrusion Metal Working

    Uploaded by

    Sidra Saeed
    59 views29 pages
    Extrusion is a metalworking process where a billet is forced through a die to reduce its cross-section. It can be done hot or cold. Hot extrusion requires lower forces but provides better ductility, while cold extrusion improves some mechanical properties but requires higher forces. The document then provides examples of extrusion processes and formulas to calculate factors like extrusion ratio, strain, pressure, and force based on given parameters like billet dimensions, die angle, material properties, and equations.

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    it describes details of extrusion.

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    Extrusion is a metalworking process where a billet is forced through a die to reduce its cross-section. It can be done hot or cold. Hot extrusion requires lower forces but provides better ductility, while cold extrusion improves some mechanical properties but requires higher forces. The document then provides examples of extrusion processes and formulas to calculate factors like extrusion ratio, strain, pressure, and force based on given parameters like billet dimensions, die angle, material properties, and equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views29 pages

    Lec 6 Extrusion Metal Working

    Uploaded by

    Sidra Saeed
    Extrusion is a metalworking process where a billet is forced through a die to reduce its cross-section. It can be done hot or cold. Hot extrusion requires lower forces but provides better ductility, while cold extrusion improves some mechanical properties but requires higher forces. The document then provides examples of extrusion processes and formulas to calculate factors like extrusion ratio, strain, pressure, and force based on given parameters like billet dimensions, die angle, material properties, and equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    Extrusion Metal working

    Defined
    • Extrusion is the process by which a block/billet
    of metal is reduced in cross section by forcing it
    to flow through a die orifice under high
    pressure.
    • Extrusion is used to produce cylindrical bars or
    hollow tubes or for the starting stock for drawn
    rod, cold extrusion or forged products.
    • Most metals are hot extruded due to large
    amount of forces required in extrusion. Complex
    shape can be extruded from the more readily
    extrudable metals such as aluminum
    • The reaction of the extrusion billet with the container and
    die results in high compressive stresses which are effective
    in reducing cracking of materials during primary
    breakdown from the ingot.
    • This helps to increase the utilization of extrusion in the
    working of metals that are difficult to form like stainless
    steels, nickel-based alloys, and other high-temperature
    materials.
    Cold or Hot Extrusion
    • Similar to forging, lower ram force and a fine grained
    recrystallised structure are possible in hot extrusion.
    • However, better surface finish and higher strengths (strain
    hardened metals) are provided by cold extrusion.
    Extrusion products
    Forward extrusion

    Backward extrusion
    Cold Extrusion
    For continuous or steady state processes, the
    mean flow stress calculated from equation
    3.32 is used

    The extrusion pressure can be calculated from


    In extrusion processes where no lubricant is used,
    the frictional resistance can be high and extrusion
    equipment must be able to handle not only the
    deformation resistance, but the frictional
    resistance as well. Meaningful coefficients of
    friction for extrusion are difficult to obtain and it is
    generally considered better to estimate an extreme
    value based on sticking friction conditions.
    Hot Extrusion
    As might be expected, strain rate effects
    become important during hot extrusion. A
    detailed analysis of the extrusion processes of
    Fig. 4.12 gives the mean strain rate during
    extrusion as
    Example
    Solution
    thickness

    Given
    Example: Extrusion
    • A cylindrical billet that is 100 mm long and 40
    mm in diameter is reduced by indirect
    (backward) extrusion to a 15 mm diameter.
    Die angle = 90°. If the Johnson equation has a
    = 0.8 and b = 1.5, and the flow curve for the
    work metal has K = 750 MPa and n = 0.15,
    determine: (a) extrusion ratio, (b) true strain
    (homogeneous deformation), (c) extrusion
    strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram force.
    Summary
    • Extrusion: Push billet through die to reduce x-
    sect;
    Hot for lower force, better ductility
    • Extrusion Factors: Die design; extrusion ratio;
    billet temperature; lubrication; speed.
    Cold
    • improves some mechanical properties
    • Solve the problem sheet assigned

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